• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제25권7호
• /
• pp.642-655
• /
• 1992

This study was designed to investigate the effect of nutrient intake on bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine(L2longrightarrowL4) in 41 postmenopausal women. The BMD of the lumbar spine was positively correlated with caiorie protein animal protein fat animal fat calcium animal calcium milk ad dairy calcium phosphorus iron animal iron vitamin A thiamin animal calcium milk and dairy calcium phosphorus iron animal iron vitamin A thiamin riboflavin niacin and ascorbic acid intake. Postmenopausal wmen of BMD$\geq$100% showed enhanced calorie protein fat calcium phosphrous niacin intake compared women of BMD<100% In the group of calorie protein riboflavin intake$\geq$recommended dietary allowances(RDA) BMD was significantly higher than BMD in the group of these nutrient intakes$\geq$700 mg/d is significantly higher than BMD that of examined using stepwise multiple regression analysis. From this analysis in subjects aged 50~59 years fat intake only in subjects aged 60~69 years niacin intake Ca/P in total subjects fat riboflavin intake were signifiant independent predictors of BMD In the group of menopausal significant independent predictor of BMD This study suggests that dietary calcium is a major constituent affecting lumbar spin BMD in postmenopausal women whose menopausal period is over than 5 years.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제29권5호
• /
• pp.765-775
• /
• 2019

A new ${\alpha}$-amylase-encoding gene (amySL3) of glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 13 was identified in soda lake isolate Alkalibacterium sp. SL3. The deduced AmySL3 shares high identities (82-98%) with putative ${\alpha}$-amylases from the genus Alkalibacterium, but has low identities (<53%) with functionally characterized counterparts. amySL3 was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant enzyme (rAmySL3) was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. The optimal temperature and pH of the activity of the purified rAmySL3 were determined to be $45^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.5, respectively. rAmySL3 was found to be extremely halophilic, showing maximal enzyme activity at a nearly saturated concentration of NaCl. Its thermostability was greatly enhanced in the presence of 4 M NaCl, and it was highly stable in 5 M NaCl. Moreover, the enzyme did not require calcium ions for activity, and was strongly resistant to a range of surfactants and hydrophobic organic solvents. The major hydrolysis products of rAmySL3 from soluble starch were maltobiose and maltotriose. The high ratio of acidic amino acids and highly negative electrostatic potential surface might account for the halophilic nature of AmySL3. The extremely halophilic, calcium-independent, and surfactant-resistant properties make AmySL3 a promising candidate enzyme for both basic research and industrial applications.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.17-28
• /
• 2010

A substantial body of evidence has emerged over the last decade in support of the novel concept that dietary calcium and dairy foods play an important role in regulating energy metabolism and thereby promote healthy weight management and reduce obesity risk. This concept has been demonstrated in experimental animals studies, cross-sectional and prospective population studies and a number of randomized clinical trials. Notably, the effects of dairy foods in weight management are more consistent than the effects of supplemental calcium across clinical trials, and calcium per se is responsible for approximately 40-50% of the effects of dairy. The calcium component is only effective in individuals with chronically low calcium intake, as it serves to prevent the endocrine response to low calcium diets which otherwise favors adipocyte energy storage; calcium also serves to promote energy loss via formation of calcium soaps in the gastrointestinal tract and thereby reduce fat absorption. The calcium-independent anti-obesity bioactivity of dairy resides primarily in whey. The key components identified to date are leucine and bioactive peptides resulting from whey protein digestion. The high concentration of leucine in whey stimulates a repartitioning of dietary energy from adipose tissue to skeletal muscle where it provides the energy required for leucine-stimulated protein synthesis, resulting in increased loss of adipose tissue and preservation of skeletal muscle mass during weight loss. Finally, dairy rich diets suppress the oxidative and inflammatory responses to obesity and thereby attenuate the diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk associated with obesity.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.364-382
• /
• 1992

In order to investigate the effect of intracellular cyclic GMP on the calcium channel, whole cell patch clamp technique with internal perfusion method was used in the single ventricular myocytes of the rabbit. Cyclic GMP, cGMP analogues, cAMP, isopernaline and forskolin were perfused into cells and their effects on the calcium current were analysed by applying depolarizing step pulse of 10 mV in amplitude for 200 msec from holding potential of -40 mV. Calcium currents usually activated from -30 mV and then reached a peak at +10 mV. Amplitude of the calcium current was standardized with membrane capacitance, 50 pF. Peak amplitude at +10 mV in control was -0.15 nA/50pF. When 100 mM cAMP was applied from the pipette, peak amplitude of calcium current increased to -0.32 nA and addition of 1 mM isoprenaline further increased its amplitude. In the presence of cGMP it alone also produced an increase of the calcium current to -0.52 nA/50pF and addition of isoprenaline or forskolin increased its magnitude to -[0.55~0.95] nA/50pF. Simultaneous application of cGMP and cAMP increased the calcium current to -0.67 nA/50pF. Among the cGMP analogues, 8-Br-cGMP was the most potent stimulant for the calcium current activation. From the above results it could be concluded tlat cGMP increases the calcium current not through cAMP dependent protein kinase nor cAMP dependent phosphodiesterase pathway, but through independent phosphorylation pathway, possibly cGMP dependent protein kinase pathway.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.557-564
• /
• 2007

We prepared caviar analogs encapsulated by calcium-alginate gel membranes as a means to replace higher priced natural caviars. Processing the caviar analogs (beluga type) was optimized by response surface methodology with central composite design. Concentrations of sodium alginate ($X_1$) and $CaCl_2\;(X_2)$ were chosen as the independent variables. In order to compare characteristics of the caviar analogs with the natural caviar, sphericity ($Y_1$), diameter ($Y_2$), membrane thickness ($Y_3$), rupture strength ($Y_4$), rupturing deformation ($Y_5$), and sensory score ($Y_6$) were used as the dependent variables. The sphericity of the caviar analogs showed a similar value to that of natural caviar (over 94%) in the range of independent variables. Generally, the $CaCl_2$ concentration ($X_2$) affected all dependent variables to a greater extent than the sodium alginate concentration ($X_l$), For the multiple response optimization of the 5 dependent variables ($Y_1,\;Y_2,\;Y_4,\;Y_5$, and $Y_6$), the desirability function was defined as the following conditions: target values ($Y_1\;=\;100%,\;Y_2\;=\;3.0\;mm,\;Y_4\;=\;1,470\;g,\;Y_5\;=\;1.1\;mm,\;and\;Y_6\;=\;10\;points$). Membrane thickness ($Y_3$) was eliminated from the dependent variables for multiple response optimization because it could not be measured with an image analyzer. The values of the independent variables as evaluated by multiple response optimization were $X_1\;=\;-0.093$ (78%) and $X_2\;=\;-0.322$ (1.07%), respectively.

• 대한약리학회지
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.355-363
• /
• 1995

Calcium수송에 대한 기전을 추구하기위하여, carbachol을 사용하여 ml muscarinic receptor-transfected RBL-2H3 cell-line에서 다음과 같은 실험결과를 얻었기에 이에 보고한다. 1) Carbachol의 투여로 이들 cell-line에서 $Ca^{2+}$ influx가 농도에 따라 증가하였고, hexosaminidase 분비양도 의의있게 증가하였다. 2) Atropine 투여로 Carbachol의 상승작용이 의의있게 억제되었다. 3) 수종의 금속양이온을 투여하여 carbachol의 $Ca^{2+}$수송에 대한 영향을 관찰한 바, 이들 금속이온들은 $Ca^{2+}$의 influx를 의의있게 억제하였다. 4) PMA(20 nM) 투여로 carbachol의 hexosaminidase의 분비는 억제되지 못했지만 $Ca^{2+}$ influx는 억제되었다. 5) PTx $(0.2\;{\mu}g/ml)$ 투여로 carbachol의 hexosaminidase 분비가 의의있게 억제되었다. 위의 결과로 미루어 보아, 이 세포의 muscarinic receptor가 calcium channel을 통한 calcium수송에 매우 중요한 영향을 나타내는데, 이들 calcium ion channel은 적어도 두 종류가 존재하며, 하나는G-protein-dependent calcium channel에 의하며, 다른 하나는 G-protein-independent calcium channel에 대한 작용에 의한 것으로 생각된다. 또한 이 calcium channel들은 2가 또는 3가의 다른 금속 ion들에 의하여 calcium수송이 억제된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.273-280
• /
• 1984

The blood components of diabetic patients who visited S- hospital in seoul from January 1982 to June 1983 were compared with the reference levels. Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels of diabetic patients were significantly lower than the reference. The diabetic patients showed 2-3 times higher levels of fasting blood glucose and postprandial -2 hours blood sugar. Levels of blood urine nitrogen and creatine were also significantly higher in the diabetes mellitus and the levels of potassium sodium and chlorine showed no differences although these were decreased gradually in older patients. Lower serum calcium levels were seen in the diabetic patients and this change was more significant at the ages higher than 40. The effect of an active vitamin D on serum-Ca level in diabetic patients was studied in comparison to that of non- diabetic persons. The serum calcium levels were slightly increased in control and insulin- dependent diabetic patients after a week- intake of 1,000mg calcium a day, while the intake of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol ( 1,000 IU per day ) did not increase the serum calcium levels of these groups. Insulin - independent diabetic patients showed the rather lower serum calcium levels after a week- intake of 1,000mg calcium per day. However, the levels were increased after 2-weeks intake of the calcium and a week-in-take of the active vitamin D(1,000 IU/day ). This effect of vitamin D was seen in the groups with lower intake of calcium(500mg/day ) but not in the groups with 1,000mg calcium intake a day.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제18권5호
• /
• pp.377-381
• /
• 2014

Propofol is a widely used anesthetic. Many studies have shown that propofol has direct effects on blood vessels, but the precise mechanism is not fully understood. Secondary intrapulmonary artery rings from male rats were prepared and mounted in a Multi Myograph System. The following constrictors were used to induce contractions in isolated artery rings: high $K^+$ solution (60 mmol/L); U46619 solution (100 nmol/L); 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; $3{\mu}mol/L$); or phenylephrine (Phe; $1{\mu}mol/L$). The relaxation effects of propofol were tested on high $K^+$ or U46619 precontracted rings. Propofol also was added to induce relaxation of rings preconstricted by U46619 after pretreatment with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor $N^G$-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). The effects of propofol on $Ca^{2+}$ influx via the L-type $Ca^{2+}$ channels were evaluated by examining contraction-dependent responses to $CaCl_2$ in the absence or presence of propofol (10 to $300{\mu}mol/L$). High $K^+$ solution and U46619 induced remarkable contractions of the rings, whereas contractions induced by 5-HT and Phe were weak. Propofol induced dose-dependent relaxation of artery rings precontracted by the high $K^+$ solution. Propofol also induced relaxation of rings precontracted by U46619 in an endothelium-independent way. Propofol at different concentrations significantly inhibited the $Ca^{2+}$-induced contractions of pulmonary rings exposed to high $K^+$-containing and $Ca^{2+}$-free solution in a dose-dependent manner. Propofol relaxed vessels precontracted by the high $K^+$ solution and U46619 in an endothelium-independent way. The mechanism for this effect may involve inhibition of calcium influx through voltage-operated calcium channels (VOCCs) and receptor-operated calcium channels (ROCCs).

• 대한한방부인과학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.77-91
• /
• 2006

Purpose : To address the ability of Dohaekseungkitang (DST: a commonly used herb formulation in Korea, Japan and China to have anti-cancer effect on cervical carcinoma), we investigated the effects of DST on programmed cell death (apoptosis) in HeLa human cervical carcinoma cells. Methods : We cultured HeLa cell which is human metrocarcinoma cell in D-MEM included 10% fetal bovine serum(Hyclone Laboratories) below $37^{\circ}C$, 5% CO2. Then we observed apoptosis of log phage cell which is changed cultivation liquid 24 Hours periodically. Results : After the treatment of DST for 48 hours, apoptosis occurred in a dose-dependent manner. In this study, we have shown that DST induces calpain and the associated caspase-8 and -9 activations. Apoptosis was prevented by pre-incubation of the cells with the calcium cHeLator-BAPTA-AM, calcium channel blocker-Nif edipine or Ryonidine agonist-Ryonidine peptide, implicating calcium in the apoptotic process. Ubiquitous calpains (mu- and m-calpain) have been repeatedly implicated in apoptosis, especially in calcium-related apoptosis. However this study showed 1hat either calpain inhibitor-calpastin or caspase-3 inhibitor-DEVD- did not blocked the herb formulation-induced apoptosis in HeLa human cervical carcinoma cells. D ST initiates a cell death pathway that is partially dependent of caspases. DST-induced apoptosis requires caspase-independent mechanism. Conclusion : We conclude that DST-induced calpain activation triggers the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in which caspase-independent mechanism is also involved.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제38권4호
• /
• pp.227-233
• /
• 2013

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to evaluate human dental pulp response to pulpotomy with calcium hydroxide (CH), mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and calcium enriched mixture (CEM) cement. Materials and Methods: A total of nine erupted third molars were randomly assigned to each pulpotomy group. The same clinician performed full pulpotomies and coronal restorations. The patients were followed clinically for six months; the teeth were then extracted and prepared for histological assessments. The samples were blindly assessed by an independent observer for pulp vitality, pulp inflammation, and calcified bridge formation. Results: All patients were free of clinical signs/symptoms of pulpal/periradicular diseases during the follow up period. In CH group, one tooth had necrotic radicular pulp; other two teeth in this group had vital uninflamed pulps with complete dentinal bridge formation. In CEM cement and MTA groups all teeth had vital uninflamed radicular pulps. A complete dentinal bridge was formed beneath CEM cement and MTA in all roots. Odontoblast-like cells were present beneath CEM cement and MTA in all samples. Conclusions: This study revealed that CEM cement and MTA were reliable endodontic biomaterials in full pulpotomy treatment. In contrast, the human dental pulp response to CH might be unpredictable.