• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.13-18
• /
• 2024

The rice field grasshopper, Oxya chinensis sinuosa (OC), has traditionally been utilized in Korea for various purposes; however, its potential benefits in the context of osteoporosis remain unclear. The results revealed that OC ethanol extract (OCE) significantly inhibited the formation and activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells in receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, OCE, at concentrations ranging from 100 to 400 ㎍/mL, demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction in the protein expression of osteoclast-specific markers, including nuclear factor of activated T cell cytoplasmic 1, c-Src, and TRAP, when compared to RANKL stimulation alone. Additionally, OCE significantly inhibited RANKL-induced activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) but not the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Collectively, these results indicate that OCE suppresses osteoclastogenesis by attenuating the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and JNK. Consequently, these findings suggest that OCE holds promise for the prevention of osteoporosis.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
• /
• v.3 no.4
• /
• pp.156-175
• /
• 2016

This paper considers whether random sampling always produces more accurate survey results in the case of South Korea. We compare information from the 2010 census to the demographic variables of three public opinion surveys from South Korea: Gallup Korea's Omnibus Survey (Survey A) is conducted every two months by Gallup Korea; the annual Social Survey (Survey B) is conducted by Statistics Korea (KOSTAT); the Korean General Social Survey (KGSS or Survey C) is conducted annually by the Survey Research Center (SRC) at Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU). Survey A uses quota sampling after randomly selecting the neighborhood and initial addresses; Survey B uses random sampling, but allows replacements in some situations; Survey C uses simple random sampling. Data from more than one year was used for each survey. Our analysis suggests that Survey B is the most representative in most respects, and, in some respects, Survey A may be more representative than Survey C. Data from Survey C was the least stable in terms of representativeness by geographical area and age. Single-person households were underrepresented in both Surveys A and C, but the problem was more severe in Survey A. Four-person households and married persons were both over-represented in Survey A. Less educated people were under-represented in both Survey A and Survey C. There were differences in income level between Survey A and Survey C, but income data was not available for Survey B or the census, so it is difficult to ascertain which survey was more representative in this case.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.514-521
• /
• 2018

COSPAS-SARSAT 406 MHz emergency beacons include ELTs for aviation, EPIRBs for maritime, and PLBs for individuals in distress. They are used to sending messages encoded on 406 MHzdistress frequency and sending alertsfor search and rescue in distress. C/S T.001 and T.018 are COSPAS-SARSAT technical documents. They include basic technical information needed for developing beacons, howmessages are constructed, and test methods for type approval. COSPAS-SARSAT systems that use existing low earth orbit (LEO) and geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellites do not have a return link service (RLS). So, the survivors could not confirm whether the distress signal was sending or not. However, a new medium earth orbit (MEO)satellite system has been added to thissystem, allowing confirmation through the RLS function. This paper analyzed C/S T.001 and T.018 needed to develop navigation structuresthat incorporated improved PLB of 406 MHz, a homing signal generator of 121.5 MHz, and a VHF AM transmitter for aviation of 243 MHz.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• v.1 no.3
• /
• pp.521-526
• /
• 1997

We isolated a mouse nck cDNA from the thymus cDNA expression library. The cDNA encodes a 377 amino acid protein and displays 97% amino acid sequence identity to human oncogenic protein nck, which is composed almost exclusivelv of three src homology 3 (SH3) domains and one SH2 domain. The sequence analysis also showed that the isolated cDNA is the mouse counterpart of the human nck and different from the mouse grb4, which has been reported to be highly similar to the human nck and, therefore considered as a mouse nck, Northern blot analysis showed that the transcript of the gene was 1.8 kb and was highly expressed in the testis, thymus, and brain but moderately in the liver and lymph node. Western blot analysis showed that the size of the protein was about 47 kDa. Overexpression of the mouse Nck transformed a mouse fibroblast cell line, NIH3T3. The results clearly indicate that normal nck gene has transforming ability and provide an argument against a suggested possibility that the transforming ability of the human nck gene is due to a mutation(s) in the gene.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.1286-1294
• /
• 2004

In a previous study by the current authors, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was determined to be epidemiologically sex-dependent, and the incidence and multiplicity of HCC found to decrease in estradiol-3 benzoate (EB)-treated F344 rats. Therefore, to ascertain the anticancer mechanism of EB, a commercially available cDNA microarray, with a total of 14,815 cDNA rat gene clones, was used to determine the differentially expressed genes in nontreated livers, EB-treated livers, and diethynitrosolamine (DEN)-induced HCC. In the sequenced experiment, a total of 85 genes were differentially expressed at either two or more times the rate of the normal expression, where 33 genes were downregulated by EB, and 52 genes upregulated. Candidate genes were selected according to significant changes observed in the mRNA expression in the EB-treated livers compared with the nontreated livers, then these genes were filtered according to their different expression patterns in the DEN-induced tumors compared to the estrogen-treated livers. To confirm the microarray data, a real-time PCR analysis was performed for ten selected genes: the H-ras revertant protein 107 (H­rev107), insulin-like growth factor binding protein (lOFBP), parathyroid hormone receptor (PI'HR), SH3 domain binding protein (SH3BP), metallothionein, src-suppressed C-kinase substrate (SSeCK) gene, phosphodiesterase I, CD44, epithelial membrane protein 3 (EMP3), and estrogen receptor a (ERa). The SSeCK and phosphodiesterase I genes were both upregulated in the DEN-induced hepatocarcinomas, yet their possible carcinogenic functions remain unknown. Meanwhile, the other genes were downregulated, including the genes related to growth regulation (IOFBP, H-revI07, ER$\alpha$), adipogenesis inhibition (PTHR), and tumor suppression (metallothionein).

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.314-321
• /
• 1987

Post weld heat treatment (PWHT) of weldment of the low alloy Cr-Mo steel, in general, is carried out not only to remove residual stress and hydrogen existing in weldment but to improve fracture toughness of weld heat affected zone (HAZ). There occur some problems such as toughness decrement and stress relief cracking (SRC) in the coarse grained region of weld HAZ when PWHT is practiced. Especially, embrittlement of structure directly relates to the mode of fracture and is appeared as the difference of fracture surface such as grain boundary failure. Therefore, in this paper, the effect of heating rate on PWHT embrittlement under the various kinds of stresses simulated residual stress in weld HAZ was evaluated by COD fracture toughness test and observation of fracture surface. Fracture toughness of weld HAZ decreased with increment of heating rate under no stress, but it was improved to increment of heating rate under the stress. Grain boundary failure didn't almost appear at the heating rate of 600.deg.C/hr but it appeared from being the applied stress of 294 MPa at 220.deg.C/hr and 196 MPa at 60.deg.C/hr.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.28 no.5A
• /
• pp.757-764
• /
• 2008

This paper was conducted to evaluate the durability of cement mortars exposed to varying concentrations of sodium sulfate for up to 540 days. Three types of cement mortars, namely OPC, SRC and SGC, were exposed to four sodium sulfate solutions with concentrations of 4225, 8450, 16900 and 33800 ppm of ${SO_4}^{2-}$ ions at ambient temperature. The sulfate deterioration was evaluated by measuring compressive strength and linear expansion of mortar specimens. Experimental results indicated that the maximum deterioration was noted in OPC mortar specimens in highly concentrated sulfate solution. In particular, the $C_3A$ content in cements plays a critical role in resisting expansion due to sodium sulfate attack. Additionally, the beneficial effect of GGBS was clearly observed showing a superior resistance against sodium sulfate attack, because of its lower permeability. Another important observation was that the parameters for the evaluation of deterioration degree are greatly dependent on the products formed by sulfate attack.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.27 no.10
• /
• pp.1191-1198
• /
• 2017

Vesicles and organelles are transported along microtubule and delivered to appropriate compartments in cells. The intracellular transport process is mediated by molecular motor proteins, kinesin, and dynein. Kinesin is a plus-end-directed molecular motor protein that moves the various cargoes along microtubule tracks. Kinesin 1 is first isolated from squid axoplasm is a dimer of two heavy chains (KHCs, also called KIF5s), each of which is associated with the light chain (KLC). KIF5s interact with many different binding proteins through their carboxyl (C)-terminal tail region, but their binding proteins have yet to be specified. To identify the interacting proteins for KIF5A, we performed the yeast two-hybrid screening and found a specific interaction with Ras-GTPase-activating protein (GAP) Src homology3 (SH3)-domain-binding protein 2 (G3BP2), which is involved in stress granule formation and mRNA-protein (mRNP) localization. G3BP2 bound to the C-terminal 73 amino acids of KIF5A but did not interact with the KIF5B, nor the KIF5C in the yeast two-hybrid assay. The arginine-glycine-glycine (RGG)/Gly-rich region domain of G3BP2 is a minimal binding domain for interaction with KIF5A. However, G3BP1 did not interact with KIF5A. When co-expressed in HEK-293T cells, G3BP2 co-localized with KIF5A and was co-immunoprecipitated with KIF5A. These results indicate that G3BP2, which was originally identified as a Ras-GAP SH3 domain-binding protein, is a protein that interacts with KIF5A.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.119-126
• /
• 1999

The SH3 domain of PLC-${\gamma}1$ has been known to induce DNA synthesis. However, little is known about the putative effector proteins that associate with the domain. In this report, we provide evidence that the SH3 domain of PLC-${\gamma}1$ associates with Shc, which has been implicated in the activation of p21Ras in response to many growth factors. The association between Shc and PLC-${\gamma}1$ is enhanced either by v-Src-induced transformation or EGF-stimulation in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, from transient expression studies with COS-7 cells, we show that the SH3 domain of PLC-${\gamma}1$ is required for association with Shc in vivo, whereas tyrosyl phosphorylation of PLC-${\gamma}1$ is not. Taken together, we suggest that Shc might be involved in the PLC-${\gamma}1$-mediated signaling pathway.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.48 no.3
• /
• pp.127-128
• /
• 2015

Tumor metastasis involves circulating and tumor-initiating capacities of metastatic cancer cells. Hepatic TM4SF5 promotes EMT for malignant growth and migration. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) biomarkers remain unexplored for metastatic potential throughout metastasis. Here, novel TM4SF5/CD44 interaction-mediated self-renewal and circulating tumor cell (CTC) capacities were mechanistically explored. TM4SF5-dependent sphere growth was correlated with $CD133^+$, $CD24^-$, ALDH activity, and a physical association between CD44 and TM4SF5. The TM4SF5/CD44 interaction activated c-Src/STAT3/ Twist1/ B mi1 signaling for spheroid formation, while disturbing the interaction, expression, or activity of any component in this signaling pathway inhibited spheroid formation. In serial xenografts of less than 5,000 cells/injection, TM4SF5-positive tumors exhibited locally-increased CD44 expression, suggesting tumor cell differentiation. TM4SF5-positive cells were identified circulating in blood 4 to 6 weeks after orthotopic liver-injection. Anti-TM4SF reagents blocked their metastasis to distal intestinal organs. Altogether, our results provide evidence that TM4SF5 promotes self-renewal and CTC properties supported by $CD133^+/TM4SF5^+/CD44^+^{(TM4SF5-bound)}/ALDH^+/CD24^-$ markers during HCC metastasis.