• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.26-38
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• 2021

The status of Ppuri industry, including foundry industry was analyzed through statistical surveys over the past 10 years from 2009 to 2018, and summarized for each six Ppuri industries' points of view. Various statistics of Ppuri industry defined by the KSIC (Korean Standard Industry Classification) was obtained, and the status of Ppuri industry was identified through a sample survey of 5,000 companies from more than 30,000 target business companies of Ppuri industry. Throughout the analyzing process, we presented a variety of indicators, such as the number of the Ppuri companies and its ratio, regional distribution through Korean provinces, number of workers, characteristics by age group, sales, profit rates, etc. By devising a comparative method to measure the relative strength of Ppuri industry in Korea, Germany, and Japan, we have presented the competitiveness index change over the 10 years of time. The competitiveness index can be effectively and meaningfully used during various activities of the development of Ppuri industry in the forth coming future. With the current obtained data, we figured out the status of each 6 Ppuri industries, regional distribution, status of workers, sales and profit rates. We also suggested various proposals for strategy and policy making for each sector with urging voluntary response from Ppuri industry.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.49-58
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• 2019

Purpose - As the growth potential of the cultural contents industry steadily grows, the cinemas industry is growing fast especially due to popularity and commerciality. The recent in the cinemas industry is evolving on multiplex cinemas that combine cultural facilities such as theaters, restaurants, and shopping centers. Due to the rapid growth of multiplex cinemas, many researchers have studied the characteristics of visiting customers in Korea. Among them, selection attribute of multiplex cinemas, including the service quality and physical environment, is important because it may examines the cause of customer 's behavior. Thus, this research focuses on the effects of the selection attributes of the multiplex cinemas on customer satisfaction and their loyalty. This research suggests the guidelines for how cinemas should manage their customers and build their customers satisfaction and loyalty that improve business performance. Research design, data, and methodology - This study tests the structural relationship between selection attributes of multiplex cinemas, customer satisfaction, and loyalty. selection attributes of multiplex cinemas divide into five sub-dimensions such as movies facility quality, services, cleanliness, accessibility, and snack bars quality. In order to examine the purposes of this research, research model and hypotheses were developed. All constructs were measured with multiple items developed and tested in the previous studies. The data were collected from 100 students in their 10-20s and were analyzed using SPSS 22.0, SmartPLS 3.0 and fsQCA program. Result - The findings of this research are as follows. First, all selection attributes except cleanliness have significant positive impacts on customer satisfaction and loyalty. Second, customer satisfaction has significant positive impact on loyalty. Third, as a result of fsQCA, high satisfaction and high accessibility were the necessary conditions on loyalty. Fourth, the necessary conditions for male and female groups were different. Conclusions - The implications of this study are as follows. Overall, multiplex cinemas should manage selection attributes basically regardless of the type of theater. Especially, cleanliness was not significant, but the customer probably consider it an essential and basic factors. Also, they are able to manage the selection attributes differently depending on the type of gender. For the male customers, it is effective that centralized strategy and for female customers, it is effective that emphasized the multiplex cinemas image.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.267-274
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate differences in learning flow and teaching presence according to the lecturer's appearance and the lecturer's speech rate. For this experiment, 183 freshman students from Xingtai University in China were selected as subjects of the experiment, and a total of four types of lecture videos were developed to test the lecturer's appearance and their speech rates. Data was analyzed through multivariate analysis of variance. According to the results of the analysis, first, learning flow and teaching presence of groups who experienced the presence of the lecturer appeared were significantly higher than the groups who learned without the appearance of the lecturer. Second, the groups who learned from videos with a fast speech rate showed higher learning flow and teaching presence than the group who learned at a slow speech rate. Third, there were no significant differences in both learning flow and teaching presence according to the lecturer's appearance and speech rate. This result provides a theoretical and practical basis for developing customized videos according to learners' characteristics.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.93-103
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• 2021

S&OP(Sales and Operations Planning) is an ongoing process of periodic planning, reviewing, and evaluation through the involvement of all key stakeholders. Within this process, performance is regularly reviewed and early warning signals are generated, so that the company can react quickly to changing market and operational environment. This paper presents a framework for effective S&OP for fair alignment, accountability, teamwork, visibility, and risk management. This framework focuses on supply chain information governance, level of information sharing through S&OP, role of S&OP as coordination mechanism, APS effectivesness as a planning tool and SCM performance. In addition, a brief case study on the operating characteristics of S&OP at three Korean firms is presented. Implications of the study finding are also provided. It will also make companies that are considering the introduction of S&OP aware of the importance of S&OP, which will provide practical guidelines for the introduction of S&OP.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.568-578
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• 2021

Patents that are research results from industry-university cooperation (IUC) are a source of innovation, and play an important role in economic growth, such as technology transfer and commercialization. For this reason, there are many efforts to revitalize IUC, but in general, company patents are achievements that can be commercialized, rather than research achievements, so not all patents are used for business, even after their creation as the outcome of IUC. Therefore, this research supports the design of measures in which IUC can ultimately be linked to successful utilization of patents by identifying the purposes of IUC, even after it has been successfully promoted, and patents have been filed as a result. To this end, first, the patents registered for industry-academia cooperation in the United States are collected, and second, a predictive model is designed, with unexpired and expired patents predicted using machine learning techniques. The final identified patents are intended to derive available factors in terms of marketability and technicality. This study is expected to help predict the utilization of unexpired and expired patents, and is expected to contribute to setting goals for research results from technical cooperation between corporate and university officials planning early IUC.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.59-66
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• 2022

Lithium-ion batteries have greatly expanded along with the mobile phone market, and as the electric vehicle business is activated in earnest, they will attract many people's attention even afterwards. Until now, many people have attracted attention to the recovery of valuable metals inside lithium-ion batteries, but graphite, which is mainly used as an anode material, is also worth recycling. Therefore, in order to recover graphite with high purity and valuable metals, graphite that can be used as an anode material of a secondary battery may be generated again through a regeneration process of purifying and separating graphite from a waste lithium-ion battery and recovering electrical characteristics of graphite. This paper describes the process of converting waste graphite into regenerated graphite and the environmental and economic effects of regenerated graphite.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.365-374
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• 2021

Recently, the high growth rate and advantages of the crowdfunding market have also led to increased participation of brands and companies, and this also applies to fashion business. Risk has been noted to be a key factor in consumer behavior in crowdfunding. With the high-risk context of crowdfunding where supporters inevitably bear to pay full amount of price before receiving the actual products. Factors enhancing or inhibiting perceived risk of crowdfunding need to be explored. The past literature on perceived risk and consumer attitudes in crowdfunding has expanded, but it has rarely covered the context of experience goods such as fashion products. In addition, the platform characteristics in relation to perceived risk should be addressed. The current study attempts to address the effect of the perceived amount of information offered in a fashion crowdfunding project on perceived risk and the intention to participate in the project. For the experiment of this study, a fictitious crowdfunding page for fashion products was set as the stimuli. A total of 240 Korean participants were recruited and their responses were statistically analyzed using SPSS 24.0 software. In the results, the greater the amount of detailed information about the fashion crowdfunding project, the higher the intention to participate the project. The greater the amount of information provided, the lower the perceived risk of consumers. Moreover, the lowered perceived risk affected the intention of participate. Perceived risk has a partial mediation in the relationship between the amount of information and intention to participate. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.163-179
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• 2017

Iran has been focused on FDI by global automobile companies after the economic sanction on Iran was removed except primary sanction. In this paper, some strategies for Korean Automobile Industry to branch out into Iran are suggested. For the purpose, Iran's automobile industry and characteristics are examined. The market situation is analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. In passenger cars sector, Korean automobile companies would be better to wait and see the development of US-Iran relationships while exporting CKD sets of cars to Iran. It can be a good strategy, however, to put parts companies into Iran first because of Iran Government could be displeasing with exporting CKD only. FDI, licensing, and joint venture are all available for the parts companies. Motor companies can clear the regulation of auto-parts localization proportion by the method. The parts companies will be able to do key roles as supply chains after OEM branch out into Iran. It is also advisable to upgrade outpost in Iran into frontline for exporting cars to MENA area. In such a case it will be a prerequisite to develop a role-division model with facilities in East Europe. It could be called Parts first-then cars strategy. In commercial cars sector, it can be suggested to leverage natural gas as a link to branch out into Iran. Iran government wishes to develop natural gas resources. The strategy can be summarized that automobile companies carry out producing CNG buses in Iran while energy companies are drilling and producing natural gas.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2021

The main stability factors of the pressed powder include hardness and drop stability. In general, for pressed powder with talc, the hardness and drop stability are evenly met and the skin texture is excellent. Recently, more than ever customers are looking for a replacement due to asbestos issue of talc. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a pressed powder formulation without talc that maintains stability and does not lose its sense of use. In this study, experiments were conducted to find the optimal ingredients mixing ratio to make talc-free pressed powder. The characteristics of raw materials used mainly in powder were checked and the ratio was changed, and the lightness and hardness were measured and drop test was conducted. If the natural mica ratio was higher than the synthetic mica or non-coated silica was used instead of the coated silica, the hardness and drop stability were lower than the content containing talc, but the lightness was similar. Conversely, if the synthetic mica ratio was equal to or higher than the natural mica ratio and the coated silica ratio was equal to or higher than the non-coated silica ratio, the hardness and drop stability of the content containing talc were similar, but the lightness was low. It was found that the hardness was higher than the content containing talc, but the drop stability was lower. Therefore, further study of the correlation between hardness and fall stability is also thought to be necessary.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.248-258
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• 2021

The study analyzed the financial determinants of corporate R&D intensity that require more attention from academics and practitioners in the Korean capital market. Domestic small and medium enterprises (SMEs) may face with developing substitutes by making more R&D investments in scale and scope, given the unprecedented economic conditions such as the limitation of importing core components and materials from other nation(s). KOSDAQ-listed SMEs were selected as sample data, whose R&D expenditures may be less than those of large firms during the post-global financial turmoil period (2010~2018). Static panel data model was applied, along with Tobit and stepwise regression models, for examining the validity of results. Logit, probit, and complementary log-log regressions were also employed for a relative analysis. R&D expenditures in the prior year, the interaction effect between the previous R&D intensity and high-tech sector, firm size, and growth rate were significant to determine R&D intensity. Moreover, a majority of explanatory variables were found to change between the years 2011 and 2018, while time-lagged effects between the R&D intensity and growth rate exist. Results of the study are expected to be used for future research to detect optimal levels of R&D expenditures for the value maximization of SMEs.