• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.142-147
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• 2003

Burn-in is a widely used method to eliminate the initial failures. Preventive maintenance policy such as block replacement with minimal repair at failure is often used in field operation. In this, paper burn-in and maintenance policy are taken into consideration at the same time. The cost of a minimal repair is assumed to be a non-decreasing function of its age. The problems of determining optimal burn-in times and optimal maintenance policy are considered.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.135-143
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• 1999

This paper discusses an optimal burn-in procedure to minimize total costs based on the assumption that the failure rate pattern follows a bimodal mixed Weibull distribution. The procedure will consider warranty period as a factor of the total expected bum-in cost. A cost model is formulated to find the optimal burn-in time that minimizes the expected burn-in cost. Conditional reliability for warranty period will be discussed. An illustrative example is included to show how to use the cost model in practice.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.719-728
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• 1999

This paper discusses an optimal burn-in procedure to minimize total costs based on the assumption that the failure rate pattern follows a bimodal mixed Weibull distribution. The procedure will consider warranty period as a factor of the total expected burn-in cost. A cost model is formulated to find the optimal burn-in time that minimizes the expected burn-in cost. Conditional reliability for warranty period will be discussed. An illustrative example is included to show how to use the cost model in prctice.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.41-46
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• 1985

The behavior of the burn-on in sand mold has been investigated by varying the pouring metal, bonding materials, additive materials and molding sand. The results obtained from thease experiments are as follows; 1) The burn-on layer of silica sand decreased in order of carbon steel, gray cast iron and stainless steel, and thease burn layer proceeded mostly by producing FeO. 2) The burning reaction of silica sand mold in carbon steel castings declined with increasingly bentonite content, but water-glass scarcely took part in the burn-on reaction. 3) The addition of feldspar and seacoal to silica sand promoted the inhibiting burn-on. 4) The burn-on layer of sand mold decreased of silica sand, chromite sand and olivine sand.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.95-104
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to investigate differences in initial patient states based on types of burn accidents in the pre-hospital stage. 1,223 items of transfer data from burn accidents of Gyeonggi-do emergency medical services in 2013 were used. Burn accidents were most common in children younger than 10 years old (26.0%) and happened mostly at home (51.3%). Patient states by burn type were stable on average, but burns by electricity showed 10.7% of awareness condition U (Unresponsive), which was higher than that of the other burn types. Initial patient states for this type were shown to be serious, unlike other burn types, with temperatures of $35.90^{\circ}C$ and third degree burn depth (39.28%). Understanding initial patient states based on burn type is necessary in order to do effective approach in the pre-hospital stage.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.581-586
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• 2006

Purpose: Pediatric burn still generates social problem leading to physical and mental sequelae for ages. We studied to help make a program for the prevention of pediatric burn. Methods: We analyzed retrospectically 2759 acute burn patients under the age of 15 years in recent 5years (January 2000 - December 2004). Results: 1553 males and 1226 females were investigated, with a male to female ratio of 1.25 : 1. The greatest number of burn patients were those with an age of 1 - 2 years(1435, 52%). Scalding burn was the most common cause of injury, which accounted for 1980 (71.8%) patients, followed by contact burns(286, 10.4%), flame burn(229, 8.3%), steam burn(141, 5.1%). Especially steam burn was the second cause of injury in the age under 1 year, while flame burn was the same in the age over 3 years. During recent 5 years, incidence of contact burn increased over twofold despite the others did not changed substantially. Variation of seasonal incidence is minimal and most of the patients(2545 cases, 92.2%) had burns of ${\leq}20%$ TBSA. The median hospital stay was 18.3 days, and the rate of operation was 35.4% with an high rate in electrical burn(70.6%), steam burn(68.8%), contact burn(65%). 27 patients died in this series, which yielded a mortality rate of 1%. Conclusion: We expect that these data will be used as a basis for prevention of pediatric burn.

• Journal of the Korean Burn Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.10-14
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• 2019

Purpose: To find progression and prognosis of pancreatitis developed in massive burn patients through retrospective analysis. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 32 patients with abnormal increase of serum lipase level among 2523 acute burn patients admitted to our burn center from January 1, 2017 to June 30, 2018. Pancreatitis in this study was defined as a serum lipase concentration level that is higher than 180 IU/L which is three times more than the normal level (less than 60 IU/L). In this study, a retrospective analysis was performed on patients with serum lipase level higher than 300 IU/L to better understand causality of burns and pancreatitis. Results: 32 patients (1.27%) had serum lipase level higher than 180 IU/L among 2523 acute burn subjects. And 13 patients (0.52%) of these 32 patients had serum lipase level elevated more than 300 IU/L. The study indicated serum lipase level was increased around 7 days after the injury. It returned to normal level early as after 1 to 2 weeks and late as after 4 to 6 weeks of injury. The serum amylase level was increased as similar modality as to the serum lipase level increase. The serum bilirubin, AST, ALT, LD, and GGT were also observed to be elevated when serum lipase was more than 1000 IU/L. Conclusion: The pancreatitis developed in burn patients are mostly as mild symptom. It could due to the ischemic injury and can easily be treated by a temporary fasting, TPN, and Gabexate intravenous injection.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.589-603
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have reported that protein supplementation contributes to the attenuation of inflammation. Serious trauma such as burn injury usually results in the excessive release of inflammatory factors and organs dysfunction. However, a few reports continued to focus on the function of protein ingestion in regulating burn-induced inflammation and organ dysfunction. MATERIALS/METHODS: This study established the rat model of 30% total body surface area burn injury, and evaluated the function of blended protein (mixture of whey and soybean proteins). Blood routine examination, inflammatory factors, blood biochemistry, and immunohistochemical assays were employed to analyze the samples from different treatment groups. RESULTS: Our results indicated a decrease in the numbers of white blood cells, monocytes, and neutrophils in the burn injury group administered with the blended protein nutritional support (Burn+BP), as compared to the burn injury group administered normal saline supplementation (Burn+S). Expressions of the pro-inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 [IL-6]) and chemokines (macrophage chemoattractant protein-1, regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted factor, and C-C motif chemokine 11) were dramatically decreased, whereas anti-inflammatory factors (IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13) were significantly increased in the Burn+BP group. Kidney function related markers blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine, and the liver function related markers alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase were remarkably reduced, whereas albumin levels were elevated in the Burn+BP group as compared to levels obtained in the Burn+S group. Furthermore, inflammatory cells infiltration of the kidney and liver was also attenuated after burn injury administered with blended protein supplementation. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, nutritional support with blended proteins dramatically attenuates the burn-induced inflammatory reaction and protects organ functions. We believe this is a new insight into a potential therapeutic strategy for nutritional support of burn patients.

• 전기의세계
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• v.46 no.10
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• pp.33-39
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• 1997

본고에서는 Burn-In 공정의 구성 및 개발 방향에 대해 기술하고, LG생산기술원에서 지금까지 개발해 왔던 Burn-In 공정용 장비의 구성 및 특징에 대해서 기술하고자 한다.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.190-192
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• 2012

In the extremity surgery, pneumatic tourniquet and povidone-iodine solution are commonly used to provide an aseptic, bloodless field, and their complication rate has remained low. However, chemical burn under tourniquet has been rarely reported. Patients sustained burn injuries over the dependent, weight-bearing regions such as posterior neck, back, buttocks and posterior thighs. This rare adverse complication occurred in a 22-year-old man who underwent modified Brostrom operation with arthroscopic os trigonum excision. 10% povidone-iodine was used as topical antiseptic, and full thickness burn occurred underneath the area of tourniquet application. Main causes of povidone-iodine related chemical burn are considered maceration, irritation of the skin, long term use of the tourniquet and pressure. To reduce the complications like chemical burn, awareness of the risk and the possible pathogenesis as well as the preventive measures is important in surgical practice.