• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02a
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• pp.283-286
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• 2007

지반을 보강 또는 지하수를 차단하기 위해 실시되는 그라우팅과 같은 공법이 제대로 효과를 발휘하기 위해서는 bulging 또는 sheet 형태의 그라우트체 형상의 조절이 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 그라우트체 형상에 영향을 끼치는 인자를 찾기 위해 포화된 사질토지반에서의 그라우트 실험을 다수 실시하였다. 그라우트의 주입속도와 점성의 크기, 사질토의 상대밀도와 입도크기의 인자를 사용하여 실험을 사용한 결과, 비교적 느린 주입속도와 작은 상대밀도, 그라우트의 점성과 입자가 클수록 bulging 형상의 그라우트체가 형성이 되었다. 이와는 반대로 빠른 주입속도와 높은 상대밀도, 그리고 그라우트의 점성과 흙 입자가 작을수록 sheet 형상의 그라우트체가 형성이 됨을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.271-278
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• 2008

A study has been conducted on the bulging process of liquid rocket engine nozzle which is essential to the manufacturing regenerative cooling combustion chamber. Mechanical properties of the material used for the bulging were experimentally obtained by tension tests. Deformation of the bulged nozzle was confirmed by a structural analysis. The developed bulging process and the deformation analysis result were confirmed by manufacturing of the bulged nozzle specimens and the bulging test. There has been a bulging failure among 7 bulged specimens due to the necking of the material. The cause of necking was investigated by comparing microstructure of the material. The investigation has revealed grain size of the material has considerable effect on the occurrence of the necking.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.38 no.8
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• pp.899-904
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• 2014

Thickness profiled blank is designed using optimization techniques for maximizing the bulged heights during the free bulging of Inconel 718. The thickness of the blank was described by the Bezier curve and the locations of the control points were used as the design variables for optimization. The maximization of the bulged heights within the limited strain range served as the objective function and constraints for optimization. The equivalent static loads method for non-linear static response structural optimization (ESLSO) was used and the result of the optimization revealed 22 increased bulged heights. A free bulging test using a blank with an optimized profile was conducted to verify the optimization process. The results were compared with those of numerical analysis in terms of bulged height and deformed shape.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.143-162
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• 1998

In the present study, a procedure to predict the depth from the ground surface to the center of bulging failure zone in each of the square granular group piles under a rigid mat foundation is proposed. This analytical procedure is established on the basis of the conical modeling of bulging failure shape and the replacement ratio of soft foundation soils. considering the effect of a share of procedure to estimate the ultimate cylindrical pressure in the area reinforced with granular piles and the ultimate bearing capacity of each of granular piles in group. This analytical procedure is also established on the basis of the pre-determined depth to the zone of bulging failure and an iterative solution technique. Finally the analytical procedures proposed in this study are verified by analyzing the results of 3D finite element analyses, and the predictions of ultimate bearing capacity of granular piles are compared with the results obtained from the tests, empirical equation and 3D finite element analyses.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.231-232
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• 2013

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.684-695
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• 1992

The present study is concerned with the analysis of three-dimensional sheet metal forming process by the upper-bound method. For the analysis a systematic approach is necessary for the expression of geometric configuration of the deforming workpiece. In the present paper geometric configuration is constructed by three unit surfaces which are defined by sweeping the vertical section curves and boundary curve. The principal components of strain increment during the process is calculated directly from the change of geometric configuration for an arbitrary triangular element. The corresponding solution is found through optimization of the total energy consumption with respect to some parameters assumed in the velocity field and geometric profile. In order to verify the effectiveness of the present method, hydrostatic bulging of a rectangular disphragm is analyzed and the computation by the present method for the geometric shape renders the good result. From the comparison of the present results with the existing experimental results and elastic-plastic finite element solutions, good agreements have been obtained for the pressure curves, polar membrane strains and pressure distributions. The present method can thus be further applied to the analysis of other three-dimensional sheet metal forming processes.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.37 no.12
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• pp.1201-1208
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• 2009

Dome stretching tests and tension tests were performed to evaluate the formability of a copper alloy used for manufacturing the regenerative cooling chamber. The test specimens were prepared to investigate the effect of heat treatment and direction of specimens on the formability. The test results show that forming limit values are increased by the heat treatment of the material but the variation of the forming limit values by manufacturing direction is negligible compared to the heat treatment effect, and forming limit values are also different according to the test methods. These results indicate that the high temperature heat treatment of the material before bulging is a very important process to deform the inner cylindrical structure of the regenerative cooling chamber into a nozzle shape by the bulging process without necking or fracture and the test methods also have a great effect on a evaluation of the formability. The forming limit diagram obtained in this study would be utilized to the design of regenerative cooling chamber nozzles.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.423-430
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• 1999

PIT collector를 이용한 저변형률 건전도시험(low strain pile integrity test)은 충격에 의해 발생하는 응력파장의 특성을 분석하여 말뚝의 길이와 형상을 추정하는 방법이다. PIT시험(Pile Integrity Test)은 장말뚝인 경우와 지반저항이 큰 경우 선단부의 위치가 분명하게 확인되지 않아 해석이 불가능하다는 단점이 있으며 적용할 수 있는 대상말뚝에도 종류에 따라 제한된다. 그러나 이밖의 경우 간편성과 말뚝의 대략적인 단면형상을 파악할 수 있다는 점에서 다른 방법에 비하여 유리하다. 이 때문에 국내에서도 PIT시험의 적용 빈도가 증가하는 추세이며 지난 3~4년 동안 주로 대형 교량건설 현장의 대구경 현장타설말뚝에 대하여 적용되어 왔다. 최근 국내에서는 대구경 현장타설말뚝이 아닌 소구경 현장타설말뚝에 대하여 PIT시험을 실시하는 경우도 증가하고 있다. 현장 조건상 말뚝길이가 길지 않은 경우 시험분석결과 말뚝의 선단부가 분명하게 확인되었고 말뚝 중간부 및 하부의 necking 또는 bulging, 선단부의 단면이 확대되거나 축소되는 형상 등 다양한 단면형상을 나타내었다. 이 결과로부터 건전도시험의 효과적인 분석방안, 시간(양생)효과 등을 판단할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.101-106
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• 1999

Fiber reinforced plastic composites is widely used to make be lightening of aircraft and automotive owing to having high specific strength and specific modulus. And it is very important to know a charge shape in order to have good products in the compression molding. In particular, the product such as a bumper beam is composed of the random and unidirectional composite mats. Its deformation and charge shape are very different by stack type of random and unidirectional mats. In this paper, the characteristics of flow fronts such as a bulging phenomenon for step-type random/unidirectional composite mats and slip parameters are studied numerically. And the effects of viscosity ratio and stack type on the mold filling parameters are also discussed.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.397-408
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• 1988

The study is concerned with the theoretical and experimental investigation of the elliptical bulge test. The elliptical bulge test is analyzed by using a rigid-plastic finite element method incorporating large deformation and normal anisotropy. Thin elliptical diaphragms of mild steel are bulged for three aspect ratios. The contact problem the die round and the sheet is successfully solved by using a skew boundary condition. It is shown that the proper consideration of die radius and normal anisotropy is very significant. The relation between bulging pressure and deformation is obtained. It has been found that the pole is nearly under proportional straining during deformation. The instability criterion by maximum load condition enables the effective prediction of instability pressure. The computional results are in good agreement with experimental results and to be very useful for a better understanding of the elliptical bulge test.