• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.110-118
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• 2007

For deciding the owner's budget of the building construction in the predesign stage, the probabilistic methodologies for estimating the cost are often studied, however these parameter-based conceptual estimating methodology has limitation of applying it to the practical business because it hardly can link the design decision-making and the cost estimating and control. Besides if the result of detail estimating after detail design is over the budget, locally and arbitrarily control the level of interior design and fix the design. This research proposed the prototype-based cost estimating model for building interior construction which leads to estimate the interior cost easily linking with design decision-making and supports to evaluate the design alternatives in the schematic design and the design development stage for office buildings. The model divides the building on the design process by Element Breakdown Structure and presents the design alternative by selecting the elements of each room from the database accumulated the historical office buildings' prototypes and estimates the cost. The 2 case studies presented to validate the effectiveness of as the linking tool integrating the design and construction data and applicability to the practical design on the presented prototype-based model.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.154-175
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• 2009

At the present state, studies on Gyeongbok palace are being done with history of architecture, records, and art. However, these studies have limits that they can only depend on existing buildings and record, which make it hard to research whole aspect of palaces. The foundation remains(Jeoksim) of Gyeongbok palace in the ground gives important clues that can fill the gaps of these studies. Thus I analysed jeoksim of Gyeongbok palace, assorted them by type, scale, material, and construction method. I examined jeoksim used by various types of building, and looked at changes by periods. Jeoksims are classified in 21 types. The foundation(jeoksim) varies according to types of buildings, building types and material of jeoksim also varies along the periods, and the fact proves certain peroid of time has its own jeoksim style in fashion. Jeoksims of Gyeongbok palace are divided into round-shape(I), rounded square-shape(II), rectangular-shape(III), square-shape(IV), and whole foundation of building(V) by the plane shape. They can be divided again into 21 types by construction techniques and materials used. During early Joseon(I), only three types of jeoksim; round-shape riprap jeoksim(1-1), II-1(rounded square-shape), II-2a(rounded square-shape riprap+roofingingtile brick), had been built, but as 19th century begun, all 21 types of jeoksim had built. In 19th century during Emperor Gojong, different types of jeoksim by periods were built, and especially different materials were used. During Gojong year 2(1865)~year 5(1868), in which Gyeongbok palace were rebuilt, 7 out of 10 types of jeoksim used piece of roofinging tile and brick mixture, in contrast, during Gojong year 10(1873)~13(1876), or 25(1888), 3 out of 5 types of jeoksim used sandy soil with mixture of plaster. Meanwhile palace buildings have different names by the class of owner and use such as Jeon, Dang, Hap, Gak, Jae, Heon, Nu, and Jeong, which were classified by types and buildings were built according to each level. With an analysis of jeoksim by its building types, I ascertained that jeoksim were built differently in accordance to building types(Jeon, Dang, Hap, Gak, Jae, Heon, Nu, and Jeong). By the limitation of present document, only some types of buildings such as Jeon, Dang, Gak, Bang were confirmed, as for Jeon and Gak, square-shape(IV) built with rectangular parallelepiped stone, and for Dang and Bang, rounded square-shape(IV) built with roofinginginging tile and riprap were commonly used. From the fact that other jeoksim with uncertain building names, were mostly built in early Joseon, we learn that round-shape riprap jeoksim(1-1) were commonly built. Therefore, the class of building was higher if the owner was in higher class, jeoksim is also considered to be built with the strongest and best material. And for Dang and Bang, rounded square-shape jeoksim were used, Dang has lots of II-2a (riprap + piece of roofing tile and brick rounded square-shape) type which mainly used riprap and piece of roofing tile and brick, but Bang has lots of II-2b (piece of roofing tile and brick+(riprap+piece of roofing tile and brick rounded square-shape), which paved piece of roofing tile and brick by 15~20cm above. These jeoksim by building types were confirmed to have changed its construction type by period. As for Jeon and Gak, they were built with round-shape riprap jeoksim(1-1) in early Joseon(14~15c), but in late Joseon(19c), various types of Jeoksim were built, especially square-shape(IV) were commonly built. For Dang, only changes in later Joseon were confirmed, jeoksim built in Gojong year 4(1867) mostly used mixture of riprap and piece of roofing tile and brick. In Gojong year 13(1876) or year 25(1888), unique type of plaster with sand and coal and soil layered jeoksim were built that are not found in any other building types. Through this study, I learned that various construction types of jeoksim and material were developed in later Joseon compare to early Joseon. This states that construction technique of building foundation of palace has upgraded. Above all, I learned jeoksim types are all different for various kinds of buildings. This tells us that when they constructed foundation of building, they used pre-calculated construction technique.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.12-20
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• 2018

As facilities have become larger, more complex, and advanced, the importance of the facility management in the operation phase of the building is increasing. As a result, the scope of the facility management function is expanding, and the requirements of information are ever-increasing. However, inefficient exchange of information occurs due to duplicated tasks and lack of collaboration among the construction life cycle phases, resulting in cost loss. These low interoperability issues can be complemented by construction information management from a life cycle perspective. Efficient construction information management at each life-cycle stage is derived from the owner's will and is materialized through the construction information handover requirements by the owner. The purpose of this study is to develop an evaluation method of construction information handover requirements for facility management. In order to develop the method, facility management types and business functions are also classified and defined in this paper. Using the methodology proposed by this study, a case-study of evaluating the 'takeover items' submitted by contractors was performed for the purpose of research validation. The results of the case-study found that the most effective areas are in the order of 'legal informations', 'drawings', 'guides', etc. This study can be used as a reference data for deriving handover requirements for construction information at the early stage of the project.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.90-95
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• 2018

The Korean Peninsula is no longer safe from volcanic disasters. Therefore, the Korean government has been developing a spatial information-based system implementation technology since 2014. VDRS (Volcanic Disaster Response System), which is the result of the technology, was implemented in 2016 as Phase I. Since then, phase II implementation technology has been developed for an advanced system reflecting the user's requirements. To advance the system, redesign architecture is essential. This paper examined the redesign application architecture for an advanced VDRS. First, existing application architecture, which was implemented in phase I, was analyzed. Second, the user's requirements for advanced VDRS were analyzed. The analyzed user's requirements were categorized as a transforming service oriented to a business-oriented architecture, improving accuracy, and expanding the spatial range and target disaster. Third, application architecture was redesigned based on gap analysis between the existing architecture and user's requirements. The results of the proposed redesign architecture are presented as the application system structure and description of the application function based on owner's point of view in the enterprise architecture. The results of this paper can be used to derive the application module design and provide a detailed description of the application module based on the designer's point of view. Further research focused on structuring the HW/SW architecture will be required for system implementation.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2002

As architectural forms tend to be large-scaled, high-storied and complicated, use of computer for processing design information has been generalized. However, CAD use in the process of developing architectural design has been neglected greatly in the educational field of architectural field due to the surging of recognition that it may limit the essential property of architectural design. It may be resulted from the limitation of CAD system, that is, it is because of tardy speed of application development for the related areas with the lack of simplicity and clarity of flexibility to be secured on the drawing and user interface. Recent CAD systems, however, overcome such a limitation, convert into object-based design from entity-based drawing, drafting and modeling for implementing design concept of architects and it connects with internet linked to superspeed information communication network and changes process and stream of architectural design. Therefore, this study deals with utility of object based CAD system with products of Autodesk Co. and consequently obtain the following conclusions. First, it expands architect's design areas by supporting cooperative design system based on model-based architectural design and internet. Second, it reduces consumption of personal and material resources and time in the process of drawing production for improving architectural design works. Third, it can reduce the frequent design changes by improving understanding of architectural space with visualization of immediate 3D information, escaping from traditional methods to deliver design information to building owner through 2D drawing or model and perspective drawing requiring much cost and time. Fourth, it keeps exactness without omission or duplication of design information and generate and renew information of all related drawings on a drawing. Fifth, it is possible to change difficult and boring architectural design work into a pleasure owing to immediate modeling and drawing of design idea. In addition, digital drawing generated by using object-based CAD system can playa role of establishing Urban Information System to be used for protecting from building in disaster and urban disasters in connection with GIS numerical map and be used for reference of all kinds of information required fro post-management of buildings. However, what is more important is that surplus time from introduction of object-based CAD system should be used for consideration to be recognized as a good space and building built as a product of this project for comfort to urban people.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.22-31
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• 2018

Due to the inherent risk factors of the remodeling projects, the remodeling project is failing frequently, and schedule delay are occurring in most remodeling projects. The risk factors that cause the delays in these remodeling projects are not common to all remodeling projects, and the likelihood of risk factors will be affected by the various characteristics of the project. In this context, based on the results of a reliable survey conducted on 29 construction managers who have performed remodeling projects, this research analyzes (1) "importance of each characteristic", which means how frequently the characteristics of the remodeling project affect the occurrence of risk factors, (2) "the likelihood of delay risk factors for remodeling projects", which assesses which risk factors are most likely to occur, and 3) "the level of effect of project characteristics that affects the occurrence of each risk factor." Through this study, the relationship between various characteristics of the office building remodeling projects and the delay risk factors was analyzed in various aspects, in further, it is expected that the owner planning the remodeling will be able to grasp the delay risk that is likely to occur according to the characteristics of the project in advance.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.93-101
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• 2021

As the number of small households (1 to 2 persons per household) in Korea gradually increases, so does the importance of housing supply policies for small households. In response to the increase in small households, the government has been continuously supplying urban housing for these households. Since housing for small households is a sales and rental business similar to apartments and general business facilities, it is important for the building owner to calculate the project's estimated construction duration during the planning stage. Review of literature found a model for estimating the duration of construction of large-scale buildings but not for small-scale buildings such as urban housing for small households. Therefore this study aimed to develop and verify a model for estimating construction duration for urban housing at the planning stage based on multiple regression analysis. Independent variables inputted into the estimation model were building site area, building gross floor area, number of below ground floors, number of above ground floors, number of buildings, and location. The modified coefficient of determination (R_a²) of the model was 0.547. The developed model resulted in a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 171.26 days and a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 26.53%. The developed estimation model is expected to provide reliable construction duration calculations for small-scale urban residential buildings during the planning stage of a project.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.1-24
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• 2018

In the last decade, the use of Building Information Modeling (BIM) as a new technology has been applied with traditional Computer-aided design implementations in an increasing number of architecture, engineering, and construction projects and applications. Its employment alongside construction management, can be a valuable tool in helping move these activities and projects forward in a more efficient and time-effective manner. The traditional stakeholders, i.e., Owner, A/E and the Contractor are involved in this BIM system that is used in almost every activity of construction projects, such as design, cost estimate and scheduling. This article extracts major features of the application of BIM from perspective of participating BIM components, along with the different phrases, and applies to them a logistic analysis using a fuzzy performance tree, quantifying these phrases to judge the effectiveness of the BIM techniques employed. That is to say, these fuzzy performance trees with fuzzy logic concepts can properly translate the linguistic rating into numeric expressions, and are thus employed in evaluating the influence of BIM applications as a mathematical process. The rotational fuzzy models are used to represent the membership functions of the performance values and their corresponding weights. Illustrations of the use of this fuzzy BIM performance tree are presented in the study for the uninitiated users. The results of these processes are an evaluation of BIM project performance as highly positive. The quantification of the performance ratings for the individual factors is a significant contributor to this assessment, capable of parsing vernacular language into numerical data for a more accurate and precise use in performance analysis. It is hoped that fuzzy performance trees and fuzzy set analysis can be used as a tool for the quality and risk analysis for other construction techniques in the future. Baldwin's rotational models are used to represent the membership functions of the fuzzy sets. Three scenarios are presented using fuzzy MEAN, AND and OR gates from the lowest to intermediate levels of the tree, and fuzzy SUM gate to relate the intermediate level to the top component of the tree, i.e., BIM application final performance. The use of fuzzy MEAN for lower levels and fuzzy SUM gates to reach the top level suggests the most realistic and accurate results. The methodology (fuzzy performance tree) described in this paper is appropriate to implement in today's construction industry when limited objective data is presented and it is heavily relied on experts' subjective judgment.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.445-457
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• 2021

In previous studies, it was confirmed that through the in-situ production of precast concrete members, costs could be reduced by 14.5-39.4% compared to in-plant production. In particular, it was confirmed that the factory owner did not make a contract if it did not earn more than 20% of the production cost. If precast concrete members are produced in-situ under the same conditions, the quality equivalent to that of factory production can be secured. As it is advantageous in terms of cost and quality, precast concrete members must be produced in-situ. However, it is difficult to produce all quantities in-situ due to time and various other constraints. This is because in-situ production is avoided due to anticipated risks during the project management process. However, if the risk factors are analyzed before performing in-situ production of precast concrete members, it will increase the opportunity for in-situ production. Therefore, this study develops a checklist for evaluating the risk of in-situ production of precast concrete members. By applying the checklist to one case site, it was verified that risk factors can be evaluated easily and quickly. As a result, it was analyzed that sites with a high building coverage ratio are classified as high-risk sites because it is difficult to secure usable area for production and storage. The developed checklist efficiently evaluates the risk factors of in-site production, and makes it possible for the operator to determine the risk factors, which can change frequently during project execution, and respond according to the situation.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.641-651
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• 2022

This research compares and analyzes evacuation time depending on the change in stair width in case of fire at Goshiwons. For this, a simulation has been conducted based on possible evacuation time according to the calculation method for the number of people admittable to a specific target for fire fighting equipped with accommodation. Currently, Gosiwon, which is classified as an accommodation facility (a total floor area of 500 m² or more), uses blind spots prescribed by the Fire Services Act, Building Act, and Parking Act to build a high-rise building on a small area of land, and most Gosiwon is transformed into a modified accommodation. This is in line with the owner's operating profit, so it is expected to show a continuous increase. Securing the golden time of Gosiwon evacuation time is the last bastion of Gosiwon residents who belong to the economically disadvantaged in our society, and we hope this study will serve as a starting point for discussions on revising related laws and regulations to establish a social safety net As a result of the evacuation simulation analysis, the evacuation time was the least when the width of the group and the evacuation stairs were expanded to 200cm, and the evacuation time of the existing building was reduced by up to 166.3 seconds by comparing 648.4 seconds and scenario 6. This analysis can be meaningful, in that the width of the evacuation stairs revision of related laws and regulations for the safety of multiplex available premises.