• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.77-82
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• 2015

This survey was conducted to collect basic data about the effect of buffering zone installation in weaned pig house. Buffering zone was installed either inside or outside of pig house to compare changes of temperature, humidity and air velocity of pig room. The body weight and mortality of weaned pigs in house with buffering zone was also measured. There was no difference in temperature, humidity and air velocity between inside and outside buffering zone. Mortality of weaned pig in house with buffering zone was drastically decreased compare to pigs in house without buffering zone that could be useful to maintain constant temperature and decrease mortality.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.175-188
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• 1992

This study investigated the relation between stressful life events and adjustment in elementary school children, with particular emphasis on the potential main and stress-buffering effects of social support and social problem solving skills. 4-6 graders (N=170) completed the Social Support Appraisals Scale(SSAS) and social problem solving skills task. The SSAS is a 31-item measure that taps the child's perceptions or appraisals of family, peer, and teacher support. Their parents provided ratings of stress in the child's environment and ratings of the child's behavioral adjustment. Teachers provided ratings of the child's behavioral and academic adjustment. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses and graphic display were used to analyze the data. The major findings were that (1) The results for parent-rated problems supported a stress-buffering model for family support and problem solving. (2) The results for teacher-rated problems were consistent with the stress-buffering model of social support. (3) The results for grade-point average supported a main effect model for problem solving. peer support, and family support. In addition, teacher support had the strongest stress-buffering effect on grade-point average.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.129-136
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• 2013

This research was conducted to investigate effects of acid buffering capacity and soil component in treatment of phenanthrene using electrokinetic-Fenton process. In Hadong clay of high acid buffering and low iron oxide content, it was difficult to oxidize phenanthrene due to shortage of iron catalyst and scavenger effect of carbonate minerals. The desorbed phenanthrene conductive to Fenton oxidation was transported toward cathode by electroosmotic flow. However, in Youngdong illitic clay, oxidation of phenanthrene near anode readily occurred compared to Hadong clay due to high iron content and low acid buffering capacity.

• Solar Energy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2000

To get more insight into the buffering effects of the p-${\mu}c$-Si:H Inserted at the p-a-SiC:H/i-a-Si:H interface, we present a systematic numerical simulation using Gummel-Schafetter method. The reduced recombination loss at the p/i interface due to a constant bandgap buffer is analysed in terms of the variation of the p/i Interface region with a short lifetime and the characterisitics of the buffer such as mobility bandgap, acceptor concentration, and D-state density. The numerical modeling on the constant bandgap buffer demonstrates clearly that the buffering effects of the thin p-${\mu}c$-Si:H originate from the shrinkage of highly defective region with a short lifetime in the vicinity of the p/i interface.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.38-45
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• 2007

Flakeboards made from ring- and drum-cut flakes of Douglas-fir, hemlock, red lauan and kapur using two kinds of resin levels were evaluated for the selected properties according to flake thickness. The pH and buffering capacity of four species were determined. Those of kapur were extremely different from the other three species. These pH and buffering capacity values result in the poor internal bond strength of kapur flakeboard. The internal bond strength was affected significantly by flake thickness, resin content and species. MOR and MOE in bending strength were maximized at medium drum-cut flake thickness. Screw holding strength was not consistent for flake thickness, but it was influenced by species. Thickness swelling and water absorption of Douglas-fir and hemlock flakeboard were minimized at medium drum-cut flake thickness.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.482-490
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• 2006

Purpose: The purposes were to survey the level of work stress, social support, burnout of insurance review nurses and to measure the main & buffering effect of perceived social support on burnout. Method: The samples were 285 insurance review nurses who were registered in Review Nurses Association of Korea at the period of 25 July and 12 August in 2005. Data were analyzed by using of t-test, Pearson's correlation, stepwise multiple regression, two-way ANOVA. Results: There were significant differences of burnout according to the work experience, position, and work satisfaction of insurance review nurses. Among the variables explaining the level of burnout of review nurses, the most significant variable was work stress, followed by current work satisfaction, social support, position and total variance explained was 40.8%. For the analysis of the buffering effects of perceived social support on work stress and burnout, the interaction between work stress and social support was not significant. Conclusions: It is necessary to construct the social support system and to reduce the work stress in order to reduce the level of the burnout of insurance review nurses.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.59-68
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• 2009

External social support for family can be an important resource for families to overcome economic pressure, and can be a way to understand the concept and process of family resilience in the context of Korean economic crisis. To explore the role of external social support that alleviates the negative effects of economic pressure on marital satisfaction, the buffering effects were tested in two ways. First, the interaction effect between external social support and economic pressure on marital satisfaction was tested using hierarchical linear regression model. Second, the scores of marital satisfaction were plotted by the median scores of economic pressure and external social support. Results from the analyses of 191 couples (382 husbands and wives) indicated that external social support help families by buffering the negative effects of economic pressure on marital satisfaction by interacting with economic pressure.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.587-594
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• 1998

The objective of this research was to characterize effects of Cu or Cd additions on chemistry of soil quality indices, such as pH, EC, cation distribution and buffering capacity. Metals were added at rates ranging from 0 to 400 mg $kg^{-1}$ of soil. Soil solution was sequentially extracted from saturated pastes using vacuum. Concentrations of Cu or Cd remaining in soil solutions were very low as compared to those added to the soils, warranting that most of the added metals were recovered as nonavailable fractions. Adsorption of the added metals released cations into soil solution causing increases of ionic strength of soil solution. At metal additions of $200{\sim}400\;mg\;kg^{-1}$, EC of soil solution increased to as much as $2{\sim}4\;m^{-1}$; salinity levels considered high enough to cause detrimental effects on plant production. More divalent cations than monovalent cations were exchanged by Cu or Cd adsorption. The nutrient buffering capacity of soils was decreased due to the metal adsorption and release of cations. pH of soil solution decreased linearly with increasing metal loading rates, with a decrement of up to 1.3 units at 400 mg Cu $kg^{-1}$ addition. Influences of Cu on each of these soil quality parameters were consistently greater than those of Cd. These effects were of a detrimental nature and large enough in most cases to significantly impact soil productivity. It is clear that new protocols are needed for evaluating potential effects of heavy metal loading of soils.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.37
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• pp.241-269
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• 1999

This study investigated the relationship between social support and the well-being among the unemployed. Special attention was given to the empirical tests of the main effect and the stress buffering effect of social support on the psychosocial well-being and the practical implications in developing service strategies for the unemployed. Three-hundred-Sixty-nine(369) unemployed people in Choong-ju City and surrounding areas participated to the study. The results showed that both main and direct effects were partially supported by the data. In exploring the direct effect, social support from the family showed the strongest positive effect on the well-being of the unemployed. In the test of the stress buffering effect, the results showed a marginal buffering role of social support against the negative impacts of stress. Drawn from the results, the needs for further research in investigating the social support theory were suggested and possible implications for developing social work intervention strategies for the unemployed were identified.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.269-290
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of psychosocial protective and risk factors on problem drinking among American adolescents. In addition, this study investigated the compensatory and buffering effects of psychosocial protective factors. The sample consisted 4,362 10th graders taken from the Monitoring the Future Study 2002. This study performed the hierarchical regression analysis for data analyses. The main findings provided that friend influence, sensation-seeking, and tolerance of deviance had significant positive relationships with problem drinking as risk factors. This study also revealed that negative perception on drinking, parental bonding, school bonding, and prosocial activity had significant direct impacts in decreasing problem drinking, which explains the compensatory effect of protective factors. Additionally, this study showed that negative perception on drinking had a significant buffering effect moderating friend influence on adolescents' opportunities exposed to problem drinking. The results of this study suggest some practical implications for preventive intervention programs that target adolescent problem drinking.