• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.50-52
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• 2022

Brownish rings (BRs) with white interiors are formed during the manufacture of silicon ingots in quartz glass crucibles. These BRs inhibit the yield of silicon ingots. However, the composition and mechanism of the formation of these BRs remain unclear thus far. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the color and shape of these BRs. Raman analysis revealed that the brown and white colors appear owing to oxygen deficiency rather than crystallization from excess oxygen supply as previously assumed. Moreover, the dark shade of the brown areas depends on the degree of oxygen deficiency and the asymmetrical width of the brown areas is attributed to the direction of the molten silicon flow, which is influenced by the rotation and heat of the ingot crucible.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.168-172
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• 2009

We attempted to isolate the bacterial strains from the fruiting bodies of Agaricus brazilensis and determined their effects on browning and distortions of mushrooms. No bacterial strains were isolated when the middle of browning regions of A. brazilensis were used. Total 125 bacterial strains were obtained from the surface of browning regions and classified into 17 different genera and 29 species by using MIDI methods. Most common genus were Pseudomonas (26), Yersinia (29), and Cedecea (29). High lytic activity were detected when Pseudomonas strains were tested, while relatively low lytic activity were observed with both Yersinia and Cedecea strains.Therefore, we believed the distortion of mushroom could be the result of bacterial infections. Also, the development of brownish color was detected in large number of A. brazilensis strains only by incubation at 4C, suggesting no specific correlation between bacterial strains and brownish color development. Also, it is considered that the development of brownish color can be the normal changes of A. brazilensis.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 2017

The family Geometridae, which is one of the most species-rich taxa of Lepidoptera, includes more than 23,000 species worldwide and over 800 species in South Korea. Herein, we record six species of Geometridae for the first time in Korea. Jodis urosticta and Jodis amamiensis can be characterized by their greenish wings and strongly dentate ante- and postmedial lines on the fore and hindwings. These species can also be separated by the shape of the valva of the male genitalia. Pelagodes antiguadraria can be characterized by their greenish wings, whitish medial bands on the forewing and whitish postmedial line on the hindwing. Brabira kasaii can be characterized by the thick grayish band-shaped central fascia of their fore- and hindwings. Sauris marginepunctata can be characterized by the greenish ground color of the forewing, the dark ochreous medial bands and subterminal line and the grayish hindwing. Philereme vetulata can be characterized by their dark brownish wing color and the band-shaped central fascia of the forewing, as well as the medially projected postmedial line of the hindwing. Echthrocollix minuta can be characterized by their pale grayish wing color, brownish postmedial and subterminal lines and large discal dot.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.115-120
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• 2022

A brown ring (hereinafter referred to as BR) on the inner surface of a quartz glass crucible used in the manufacturing process of a silicon ingot for semiconductor wafers was studied. BR is 20~30 ㎛ in size and has an asymmetric brown ring shape. The size and distribution of BR were different depending on the crucible location, and the size and distribution of BR were the largest and most abundant in the round part with the highest crucible temperature during Si ingot growth. BR contains cristobalite, which has a higher coefficient of thermal expansion than quartz glass, so it is considered that surface cracks appear. The color development of BR and pin holes are presumed to be due to oxygen vacancies.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.29-31
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• 1961

At the altitude of approximately 250 of Mt. Sori located in Kyung-gi Co, Korea authers have made a field collection of Drosophila during June, 1 and 15, 1961, and found about 30 specimens which seemed to be a new species belonging to Genus Drosophila, Subgenus Hirtodrosophila. AUthors have named the species : D. macromaculata sp. nov. " Its Korean name is given , : Uluck-muni-chopari". This species is very similar to Drosophila cheda in its external feature and especially it that each of four stripes in the mesonotum is cut into tow, and it also resembles with Drosophila calloptera in that it has three distinct spots in the wing. Its first segment of abdomen is yellow-brown in color while both end points are black. The second segment is black and in its middle part there yellow-brownish strips of V form, the peripheral part of which are found two spots of yellow brownish color. On third to fifth segments of male and on third to sixth segments of female there are fod-form spots, one on each segment, and on both sides of these rods two smaller spots are found in each segment. This species is clearly a fungus feeder and its breeding in authers laboratory is at present, not attained. Holotype : male , Kwang-nung, Kyung -gi Do, South Korea, 1 Male June, 1, 1961. Allotype : female, collected together with holotype. Paratype : Kwang-nung, Male 16 and female 12. Distribution : South Korea. Collecting method : Net sweeping on the decayed trees.yed trees.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.111-119
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• 1976

Discoloration of canned boiled oyster namely greening, yellowing and browning often occur separately or associatively in the storage of the product. Greening is mainly caused by the appearance of chlorophyll and its derivatives on the surface around the digestive diverticula of the oyster and yellowing by dispersion of carotenoid. Browning reactions by sugar amino condensation or enzymatic action, tyrosinase, also cause an undesirable color development. In this paper, the stability and the changes in distributional or partitional ratio of chlorophyll and carotenoid pigment of meat vs viscera in raw and canned oyster during six month storage in order to measure the dispersion rate of both pigments between meat and viscera, and to evaluate the feasibility of discoloration of oyster meat. The development of brownish pigment and the toss of free tyrosine in oyster were also determined to compare the readiness of color development. In addition the influence of processing and storage conditions to the dispersion rate and the tendency of discoloration, and finally the effect of inhibitor were discussed. The results showed that greening or yellowing was initiated by the dispersion of chlorophyll or carotenoids from viscera to the meat of oyster, and the dispersion rate of carotenoid was much higher than the chlorophyll's, so that, yellowing appeared a leading reaction of discoloration. The dispersion rate was obviously fastened by raising the temperature in the process of sterilization and storage. Consequently, the low temperature storage could largely retard the occurance of yellowing or greening of oyster meat. The pH control of canned oyster did not seem to affect the dispersion of pigment but significantly did on the stability of the piqments. Browning by the reaction of sugar-amino condensation and enzymatic oxidation of tyrosine was positively detected in canned oyster meat. The development of brownish color was influenced rather by the storage temperature than the heating process. Addition of sodium sulfite in can or treating the boiled oyster with sulfite solution prior to filling seemed possibly inhibit the color development particularly in cold-storaged oyster meat.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.283-292
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to analyze and compare the color characteristics of preferred summer clothing textiles, such as shirts, blouse, slacks and skirt. 109 male and female college students evaluated the preference to clothing textiles in previous research and top 10 kinds of textiles were chosen for each clothing item. To analyze the color characteristics of preferred textiles, spectral data were measured with spectrophotometer. By the results, color and color tone, value of L, a, b according to clothing item and season were compared. Chromaticity diagram was drawn, too. The results of this study are as following: 1. Color characteristics of shirts textile college student preferred for summer was PB color and p tone. The textile, in general, represented simple color that is close to achromatic color with light and soft shade. 2. The most preferred color of blouse textiles was G color and It, d tone. The color characteristics of blouse textiles represented stronger and more brilliant than those of shirts. 3. For slacks, colors of preferred summer textiles were mostly B, YR color and p, It.g, dk tone. Therefore, preferred textiles for slacks represented simple bluish or brownish color that is close to achromatic color with light or dark shade. 4. The most preferred color of skirt textiles were Y, R color and It tone. Skirt textiles had various colors compared to slacks. 5. College students generally prefer simple cold color that is close to achromatic color, because shirts and slacks have high frequency of wearing. In color tone, light and soft tone were preferred for shirts, and for slacks, they preferred light or dark tone. Comparatively, blouse and skirt which have low frequency of wearing represented various colors which contain more brilliant and stronger toned warm colors. 6. By the result of analyzing L, a, b value, shirts and blouse textiles showed higher L value than those of slacks and skirt. The textiles preferred by college students were generally close to achromatic color, because values of a, b were very low. This was confirmed with the result of chromaticity diagram. 7. In pattern of preferred textiles, solid textile were preferred mostly for shirt, blouse, skirt and slacks, and stripe pattern was preferred secondly.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.191-198
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• 2003

The ochreous precipitates, reddish brown and brownish yellow in color, are pre- cipitated in the stream bottom of acid mine drainage (AMD) in the Donghae coal mine area. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the reddish brown precipitate consists mainly of ferrihydrite with small amount of goethite, while the brownish yellow precipitate of schwertmannite. Thermal experiments show that ferrihydrite and schwertmannite partially convert to poorly-crystallized hematite at $400^{\circ}C$ and to well-crystallized hematite at $700^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.358-362
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• 2009

A New Cymbidium variety "Yellow Evening" was developed from a cross between "Oji" and "Valley Flower Cherry Life" followed by seedling and line selections at the National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science (NIHHS), Rural Development Administration (RDA) in 2004. After investigation of the characteristics and selection for 9 years (1996-2004), it has been selected specifically pot orchid flower. "Yellow Evening" has medium plant height and semi-erect peduncle. It has medium flowering habit and brownish yellow flowers (RHS, Y11B: petal and sepal) with grayed purple GP183A) spot on lip, when fully opened. Each peduncle has 15.3 flowers with diameter of about 7.4 cm. It has adequate peduncle height, with some curved and spreading petal and sepals. Under optical culture conditions, it started to bloom early-winter (November).

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.64-73
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to investigate dyeing characteristics of silk, cotton and rayon fabrics using dyeing solution extracted from different varieties of tea. Comparative results of CIE Lab values of 360 pieces of dyed fabrics were studied to quantify the effects of dye concentrations (100%, 150%, and 200%) and mordants (Fe, Cu, Sn, Al). In addition, the color difference values (${\Delta}E$) of the dyed and mordanted fabrics were evaluated. The results of the study were as follows: First, among all of the 360 pieces of silk, cotton and rayon fabrics, the best dyeing effects was observed on silk fabrics. Second, the dyeing effect of the eight different types of tealeaves belonging to green tea, oolong tea, black tea, and dark tea tended to enhance as the degree of fermentation increased. Third, when the fabrics were mordanted with Fe, Cu, Sn, Al mordants, various colors such as brown, brownish red, brownish yellow, gray, and reddish brown were obtained.