• 한국가금학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2014

본 실험에서는 시중에서 주로 유통되고 있는 2종의 토종닭인 HH종과 WD종 닭고기를 비교하기 위해 일반 육계(BR)와 더불어 육질 및 관능 특성을 분석하였다. 토종닭 내에서 HH종의 가슴육만 일반 육계보다 다소 낮은 지방함량을 보였다. 육색에서는 가슴육과 다리육 두 부위 모두에서 HH종의 명도($L^*$)와 적색도($a^*$)가 WD종보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 항산화력 측정을 위한 DPPH 라디칼 소거능과 pH가 WD종이 HH종보다 유의적으로 높았다(p< 0.05). 가슴육에서 C18:1은 일반 육계가 다른 두 품종의 토종닭보다 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 대표적인 n-3 지방산인 C18:3의 경우, WD종이 HH종보다 유의적으로 높았으며(p<0.05), C20:4와 C22:6의 경우, 토종닭이 일반 육계에 비해 약 2.5배이상 높은 조성을 보였다(p<0.05). 관능평가 맛 부분에서는 가슴육에서 WD종이 일반 육계나 다른 HH 토종닭보다 유의적으로 우수한 수치를 보였다(p<0.05). 특히 WD종의 연도가 다른 품종에 비해 매우 우수한 것으로 나타났으며(p<0.05), 전체적인 기호도에서도 WD종이 유의적으로 높은 점수를 보였다(p<0.05). 국내에서 대표적으로 시판되는 토종닭 2품종의 품질 및 관능 특성은 요인별로 유의적 차이를 보이기도 했으며(p<0.05), 이를 바탕으로 소비자 기호에 적합한 새로운 품종의 토종닭 개발을 위한 기초 자료 활용이 가능할 것이다. 그러나 육질 특성은 품종 이외에도 급여한 사료 및 사양 방식에 따라 다른 것이므로, 보다 많은 시료 수를 바탕으로 한 추가적인 연구가 요구된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.987-997
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• 2016

The objective of the study was to compare the carcass characteristics, meat quality, and blood parameters of slow and fast grown female broiler chickens fed in organic or conventional production system. The two genotypes tested were medium slow-growing chickens (SG, Hubbard Red JA) and commercial fast-growing chickens (FG, Ross 308). Both genotypes (each represented by 400 chickens) were divided into two sub-groups fed either organic (O) or conventional (C) systems. Chickens of each genotype and system were raised in a semi environmentally controlled poultry house until 21 d of age and were assigned to 5 pens of 40 chickens each. Then, O system chickens were transferred into an open-side poultry house with an outdoor run. At 81 d of age, 10 female chickens from each genotype and from each production system (n = 40) were randomly chosen to provide material for analysis, and were weighed and brought to the slaughterhouse to assess carcass characteristics and meat quality. The blood parameters were determined by using 5 female chickens from each genotype and from each production system (n = 20). FG had the higher live weight, along with carcass, breast, and thigh-drumstick weights compared to SG (p<0.05). FG had the higher breast yield, whereas SG had the higher thigh-drumstick yield (p<0.05). The O system resulted in a higher amount of abdominal fat (p<0.05). In addition, the O system values were higher for dry matter, crude ash, crude protein, and $pH^{15}$ values in breast meat, and for crude ash, crude protein, and $pH^{15}$ values in drumstick meat (p<0.05). In addition, total saturated fatty acids, total mono-unsaturated fatty acids, and total omega 3 were significantly higher in the O system than in the C system. Thus, the O system showed a positive advantage compared to the C system regarding female chicken meat quality, primarily within the ash, protein, and total omega 3 fatty acid profiles. In conclusion, the present study indicated that the main factor affecting the carcass characteristics of female chickens was genotype, whereas the organic system contributed to enhanced meat quality. These findings provide a better understanding of the relative roles of genotype and production systems in female broiler characteristics, and might aid producers in designing their facilities to optimize yield and quality while maintaining acceptable animal welfare standards.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1195-1201
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• 2009

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary alpha-lipoic acid (LA) on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality in Arbor Acres broilers. A total of 240 1-d-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments (0, 300 ppm, 600 ppm, and 900 ppm dietary LA supplementation, respectively). Birds were slaughtered at 42 days old. Live body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), average feed intake (AFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), dressing percentage, breast muscle percentage, thigh muscle percentage, abdominal fat percentage, muscle color (L*, a*, b*), pH values at 24 h postmortem, meat shear force value (SFV) and anti-oxidative ability were measured. Results showed that addition of 600 ppm or 900 ppm LA decreased BW (p<0.01), ADG (p<0.01) and AFI (p<0.05) compared with other diets. FCR was not affected by dietary LA content. LA had no marked effect on dressing percentage, breast muscle percentage or thigh muscle percentage. Abdominal fat percentage was lower (p<0.05) in the 900 ppm LA supplementation group than the control group. Dietary 900 ppm LA increased (p<0.05) breast and thigh muscle pH value at 24 h postmortem compared with the control treatment. Dietary LA increased thigh muscle a* value, though no significant difference was found in thigh muscle a* value among the treatments. Dietary LA significantly decreased breast muscle L* value (p<0.05), breast muscle b* value (p<0.01) and thigh muscle b* value (p<0.05). Broilers fed LA had higher breast muscle a* value (p<0.05) and thigh muscle L* value (p<0.05). All test groups had lower (p<0.05) breast muscle SFV than the control group. Dietary 600 ppm or 900 ppm LA both decreased (p<0.01) thigh muscle SFV compared with the control treatment. Dietary 900 ppm LA significantly increased (p<0.05) TAOC, SOD and GSHPx compared with no LA treatment. Broilers fed LA had lower (p<0.01) MDA compared with the control treatment. These results suggested that dietary LA enhanced the anti-oxidative ability and oxidative stability, and contributed to the improvement of meat quality in broilers.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.312-323
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to use 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) to quantify taste-active and bioactive compounds in chicken breasts and thighs from Korean native chicken (KNC) [newly developed KNCs (KNC-A, -C, and -D) and commercial KNC-H] and white-semi broiler (WSB) used in Samgye. Further, each breed was differentiated using multivariate analyses, including a machine learning algorithm designed to use metabolic information from each type of chicken obtained using 1H-13C heteronuclear single quantum coherence (2D NMR). Breast meat from KNC-D chickens were superior to those of conventional KNC-H and WSB chickens in terms of both taste-active and bioactive compounds. In the multivariate analysis, meat portions (breast and thigh) and chicken breeds (KNCs and WSB) could be clearly distinguished based on the outcomes of the principal component analysis and partial least square-discriminant analysis (R2=0.945; Q2=0.901). Based on this, we determined the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for each of these components. AUC analysis identified 10 features which could be consistently applied to distinguish between all KNCs and WSB chickens in both breast (0.988) and thigh (1.000) meat without error. Here, both 1H NMR and 2D NMR could successfully quantify various target metabolites which could be used to distinguish between different chicken breeds based on their metabolic profile.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2009

본 연구는 키토산을 육계 사료에 첨가하지 않은 무첨가구를 대조구로 하고, 사료에 1% 첨가구를 T1, 2% 첨가구를 T2, 음수에 1% 첨가구를 T3, 2% 첨가구를 T4로 첨가 급여하면서 육계의 생산성을 조사하였고, 키토산을 급여한 계육의 일반 성분, 혈청콜레스테롤, pH, TBARS, WHC, 전단력, 육색 및 지방산 조성의 변화를 검토하고자 육계 200수(Arbor Acre Broiler, male)를 공시하여 사양한 후 다리 부위 근육을 이용하여 분석하였다. 육계의 증체량, 사료 요구율 등의 생산성은 차이가 없었다. 계육의 일반 성분 중에 조지방 함량은 대조구와 T3에서 유의적으로 높은 함량을 보였고 (P<0.05), 수분, 조단백질 및 조회분은 키토산 급여에 의한 영향은 없었다. pH는 대조구보다 키토산 급여구에서 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). TBARS는 키토산 급여구에서 유의적으로 낮은 결과를 보였고, 음수에 첨가하는 방법보다는 사료에 첨가하는 방법이 효과적이었다. 키토산 급여량이 증가할수록 낮은 TBARS값을 나타내어(P<0.05), 키토산은 계육의 저장성의 향상 가능성이 보였다. 혈청콜레스테롤은 키토산을 급여함으로써 총콜레스테롤, LDL-C은 감소하고, HDL-C은 증가하고, 첨가량이 많을수록 그리고 음수보다는 사료에 첨가하는 방법이 효과적이었다. 육색은 키토산 급여구에서 $L^*$값과 $b^*$값은 높았고, 지방산은 palmitic acid, oleic acid 등은 증가하고, linoleic acid 및 arachidonic acid는 감소하였다(P<0.05). 결론적으로 키토산을 사료에 첨가 급여함으로 총 콜레스테롤, LDL-C은 감소하고, HDL-C은 증가하며, TBARS값을 낮추는 효과가 있다. 이와 같은 결과는 음수보다는 사료에 첨가하는 방법이 유리하며 첨가량이 많을수록 좋았다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.265-273
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• 2011

본 연구는 quercetin의 급여가 닭고기 다리육의 냉장저장 중의 품질변화에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 실시하였다. 1 일령 Ross 320마리 육계 병아리를 8 처리구로 나누어 대조구(CONTROL), 항생제 처리구(AB), vitamin E 20 ppm 처리구(VE 20), vitamin E 200 ppm 처리구(VE200), quercetin 20 ppm(QC 20), quercetin 200 ppm(QC 200), methoxylated quercetin 20 ppm(MQ 20), methoxylated quercetin 200 ppm(MQ 200) 처리구로 나누어 35일간 급여하였다. 급여 후 36일째 도계하여 다리육만 분리하였고, 0, 3, 7일 냉장 저장 기간 동안의 pH, 보수력, 육색, 관능적 특성을 조사하였다. 저장 0일에 AB, VE 20, QC 20, MQ 200 처리구의 pH는 대조구에 비해 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 저장 3일에는 VE 200과 QC 20에서 대조구보다 높은 pH값을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 닭다리육의 명도($L^*$)값은 도계 직후 MQ 20에서 가장 낮은 값을 보였으나, $a^*$값은 저장 3일까지 QC 20 처리구가 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 높은 수준을 나타내었다. 저장 3일의 $b^*$값도 QC 20 처리구에서 낮은 수준을 나타내어 QC 20이 육색에 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단된다. 보수력은 저장 3일에 QC 200 처리구에서 대조구보다 유의적으로 높은 수준을 나타내었다. 관능적 특성 중 연도는 MQ 200 처리구에서 대조구와 QC 20 및 MQ 20 처리구에 비해 높은 수준을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 quercetin은 닭 다리육의 색도 및 관능적 특성에 부정적으로 영향하지 않으면서도 보수력과 연도를 증진시키기 위한 육계 사료 첨가제로서 이용 가능성이 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.273-283
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to determine the feeding effect of a diet containing Cordyceps with fly pupa on the changes in blood lipid profile from broiler chickens, fatty acids and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in chicken meat. A total of 360 chicks (Ross strain 308) were divided on hatch day into four treated groups with respect to a 35-day feeding regimen: T1 (control group), T2 (2.0% Cordyceps with fly pupa), T3 (3.5% Corceps with fly pupa) and T3 (5.0% Cordyceps with fly pupa). Blood triacylglyceride and total cholesterol level was significantly decreased by 5.32-10.63% and 9.23-12.62%, respectively, in groups T2, T3 and T4 when compared to T1 (p<0.05). Water holding capacity was significantly highest in T2 (p<0.05), while there were no significant differences among groups T2, T3 and T. In chicken meat, the ratio of saturated fatty acid to unsaturated fatty acid was high in the T3 and T4 groups, the ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acid was low in the T2, T3 and T4 groups and oleic acid (18:1n-9) was high in the T2, T3 and T4 groups, when compared to T1 (p<0.05). TBARS tended to increase according to the storage time (in days), and was significantly lower in the chicken thigh muscles with skin in groups T2, T3 and T4 as compared to T1 (p<0.05). These results suggest that a diet containing 2.0-3.5% of Cordyceps with fly pupa may decrease blood lipid and improve both the shelf-life and quality of broiler chicken meat.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.1728-1733
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• 2001

An experiment was conducted at the experimental duck farm of Cantho University in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam to evaluate the effects of offering pairwise feeds with different crude protein (CP) levels to Cherry Valley broiler ducks from 28-63 days of age on feed intake and performance. Five diets consisting of mixtures of soya bean meal, fish meal, maize meal and fine rice bran, were formulated to give isocaloric diets with 30, 24, 18, 16 and 12% CP. These were offered separately as pellets to growing ducklings in the following combinations: 30+18, 30+12, 24+16 and 18+12. A diet with 20% CP (CP20) was used as control. All the diets were offered ad libitum. Daily feed intakes (g dry matter, DM) were 161, 168, 150, 101 and 143 g for the 30+18, 30+12, 24+16, 18+12 and CP20 treatments, respectively. CP intakes were 29.6, 27.0, 24.8, 17.1 and 22.9% of total DM intake, and the ratio of methionine+cystine to lysine was 0.76, 0.75, 0.75, 0.76 and 0.75 for the 30+18, 30+12, 24+16, 18+12 and CP20 treatments, respectively. Live weights at 63 days of age were 2,937, 3,054, 2,898, 2,200, and 2,811 g (p<0.001), and daily live weight gains 57.8, 61.7, 57.0, 38.5 and 55.7 g (p<0.001) for the 30+18, 30+12, 24+16, 18+12 and CP20 treatments, respectively. The weights and yields of the carcass, breast and thigh muscles, and heart decreased in the order 30+18, 30+12, 24+16, CP20 and 18+12 (p<0.001). The present study suggests that growing broiler offered a combination of high and low protein feeds pairwise will eat excessive amounts of the high protein feed, thus resulting in protein intakes above requirements.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.195-204
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• 2005

The current study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid(CLA) on growth performance and body fat metabolism in broiler chickens. A total of 48 male birds aged 3 days were randomly allotted into three dietary groups; CORN(com oil 1.5%), CLA I (com oil 0.75 %+ CLA 0.75 %) and CLA II(CLA 1.5%) groups. After feeding commercial diet ad libitum for 3 weeks, eight selected birds on the basis of body weight were housed, two birds in a cage, and continuously given ad libitum corresponding experimental diet for another 2 weeks. As a result, dietary addition of CLA did not influence on body weight, gain and feed conversion rote. The relative weights of the liver and deposited fats(abdominal and thigh fat' pads) were not also affected by the dietary treatments. Serum glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol levels markedly( P < 0.05) decreased in CLA II compared with those in CORN group. However, serum nonesterified fatty acid(NEFA) was not altered by dietary CLA. Serum leptin level was tended to be decreased by dietary CLA without statistical difference. The diet supplemented with CLA caused a significant(P< 0.05) decrease in hepatic total lipid and NEFA without changing triglyceride level. Also, feeding dietary CLA at the level of 1.5% reduced leptin mRNA expression in the liver and abdominal fats compared with feeding com oil, In conclusion, our results suggest that dietary 1.5% CLA may affect, at least in part, lipid metabolism in the liver of broiler chickens.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.225-231
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• 2004

This study was conducted to determine the incidence of microorganisms associated with dressed broiler with intact skin and without skin at different frozen storage periods such as 0, 10, 20, 30 days and to demonstrate the role of packaging and pretreatment chilling on the changes of carcass quality. The values of total viable count (TVC), total coliform count (TCC), total streptococcal count (TStC) and total staphylococcal count (TSC) were determined for meat samples of thigh and breast and swab samples of visceral surfaces of the broilers with intact skin and without skin. It was observed that the values of TVC, TCC, TStC and TSC in both cases of dressed broiler with intact skin and without skin exceeded the International Commission on Microbiological Specification for Foods. However, numbers of microorganisms were considerably decreased during the frozen storage. Packing and prechilled conditions were generally better effective in decrease of the loads of microorganisms than without packing and prechilled conditions, and lower bacterial numbers were also found in dressed broiler with intact skin than that without skin. The highest sensory panel score was obtained at 10 days of frozen storage. These results, thus, indicate that usages of appropriate periods and conditions of frozen storage and packaging systems can minimize the potential health hazards associated with contaminants gaining access to the dressed or processed broilers and improve the quality and shelf life of dressed broilers.