• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.12-18
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• 2004

1. 닭고기에서 4종의 플루오로퀴놀론계 합성항균제(ofloxacin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin)를 액상추출법으로 추출하여 형광검출기와 HPLC를 이용하여 동시 정량 분석하는 방법을 확립하였으며 분석조건으로서 컬럼은 Symmetry Cl8(250${\times}$4.6 mm id, 5 $\mu\textrm{m}$), 이동상은 0.4% triethylamine 및 0.4% phospholic acid 수용액, methanol 및 acetonitrile 혼합용액(800: 100: 100, v/v/v)을 사용하였으며, 형광검출기는 여기파장 278 nm, 측정파장 456 nm으로 그리고 유속은 1.0 $m\ell$/min., 주입량은 50 ${\mu}\ell$로 하였다. 확립된 분석조건으로 측정한 ofloxacin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin 표준품의 표준곡선식에서 모두 상관계수 0.999이상의 양호한 직선성을 보였으며, 첨가한 닭고기의 크로마토그람에서도 각각의 물질별 분리시간대에 방해 피크 없이 양호한 분리도를 나타내었다. 0.05∼0.2 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g 첨가한 시료에서 평균 회수율은 ofloxacin 92.0∼95.4%, norflokacin 84.2∼87.3%, ciprofloxacin 78.3∼82.2%, enrofloxacin 91.3∼95.3%이었으며 변이계수(CV)는 2.7∼9.4%이었다. 4종의 동시분석법의 검출한계 및 정량한계는 각각 ofloxacin 23.5 ppb, 35.3 ppb, norfloxacin 3.4 ppb, 5.1 ppb, ciprofloxacin 3.0 ppb, 4.5 ppb, enrofloxacin 2.5 ppb, 3.8 ppb수준이었다. 2. 인천 지역에서 도축한 닭고기 총 1,523수를 EEC-4-plate법으로 검사한 결과 양성반응을 보인 닭고기는 15수(육계 10, 토종닭 5)였으며, HPLC를 이용한 정밀검사결과 육계 5수에서 ciprofloxacin이 불검출 ∼0.04 ppm, enrofloxacin이 0.01∼0.69 ppm수준으로 검출되었으며, 토종닭 5수에서는 ciprofloxacin이 0.02∼0.12 ppm, enrofloxacin이 0.36∼6.79 ppm수준으로 검출되었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.399-404
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• 2004

본 연구는 공시균인 Aspergillus terreus와 유산균을 이용하여 혈중 및 고기내 콜레스테롤이 저하된 육류 개발을 목표로 하였다. 따라서 거세돈 60두를 60일간 및 육계는 6주간을 공시하여 대조구는 일반 시판사료만 급여하였고, T1구는 Aspergillu terreus 배양체, T2구는 시판중인 EM-pro 배양체(Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bacillus subtilis와 Saccharmyces cervisiae의 3종 혼합배양물)를 각각 0.2%씩 첨가급여한 결과는 다음과 같다. 돼지고기내의 스테아린산은 T1구와 T2구가 높았으나, 올레인산은 대조구와 T1구가 높았다(p<0.05). 또한 닭고기의 스테아린산은 대조구가 높았으나, 올레인산은 T1구와 T2가 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 혈액 중 돼지고기의 총 콜레스테롤과 HDL-cholesterol 함량은 T1구(63.77mg, 111.19mg)가 대조구(101.69mg, 132.37mg)보다 크게 낮아 통계적인 유의차를 보였고(p<0.05), 육계의 경우는 T1구(78.50mg, 143.61mg)가 대조구(119.26mg, 240.43mg)보다 크게 낮았다(p<0.05). 돼지고기의 총 콜레스테롤과 HDL-cholesterol 함량은 T1구(78.53mg, 117.64mg)가 대조구(140.5mg, 150.55mg)보다 크게 낮아 유의차를 나타내었고(p<0.05). 육계의 경우는 T1구 (93.35mg, 72.03mg)가 대조구(111.90mg, 116.88mg)보다 크게 낮았다.(p<0.05). 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, Aspergillus terreus 처리한 T1구가 돼지와 육계의 혈액 및 고기내에서 총 콜레스테롤과 HDL-cholesterol 함량이 크게 낮아졌다. 따라서 Aspergillus terreus 배양체가 체내의 콜레스테롤 합성에 상당히 영향을 미친것으로 판단되며, 향후 저 콜레스테롤 고기 생산의 가능성을 보여주었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.1686-1695
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• 2015

Molecular marker selection has been an acceptable tool in the acceleration of the genetic response of desired traits to improve production performance in chickens. The crossbreds from commercial parent stock (PS) broilers with four Thai synthetic breeds; Kaen Thong (KT), Khai Mook Esarn (KM), Soi Nin (SN), and Soi Pet (SP) were used to study the association among chicken growth hormones (cGH) and the insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) genes for growth and carcass traits; for the purpose of developing a suitable terminal breeding program for Thai broilers. A total of 408 chickens of four Thai broiler lines were genotyped, using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. The cGH gene was significantly associated with body weight at hatching; at 4, 6, 8, 10 weeks of age and with average daily gain (ADG); during 2 to 4, 4 to 6, 0 to 6, 0 to 8, and 0 to 10 weeks of age in $PS{\times}KM$ chickens. For $PS{\times}KT$ populations, cGH gene showed significant association with body weight at hatching, and ADG; during 8 to 10 weeks of age. The single nucleotide polymorphism variant confirmed that allele G has positive effects for body weight and ADG. Within carcass traits, cGH revealed a tentative association within the dressing percentage. For the IGF-I gene polymorphism, there were significant associations with body weight at hatching; at 2, 4, and 6 weeks of age and ADG; during 0 to 2, 4 to 6, and 0 to 6 weeks of age; in all of four Thai broiler populations. There were tentative associations of the IGF-I gene within the percentages of breast muscles and wings. Thus, cGH gene may be used as a candidate gene, to improve growth traits of Thai broilers.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2015

Since the consumption of the livestock products increased for the past 10 years in Korea, the water use for live animals has become more important in terms of water savings. Therefore, the index connecting water use and livestock products consumption should be required for sustainable water management, and water footprint concept could be suggested as the index. The aim of this study is to estimate the water footprint for livestock products; beef cattle, swine, and broiler chicken. The water footprint for livestock products is divided into direct and indirect water. The direct water includes the drinking and servicing water, and the indirect water includes the water for the cultivation of feed crops. The water footprint of beef cattle was calculated to $17,023.1m^3/ton$, and direct water was $91.2m^3/ton$, and indirect water was $16,931.9m^3/ton$. The water footprint of swine was calculated to $4,235.8m^3/ton$, and direct water was $129.7m^3/ton$, and indirect water was $4,106.0m^3/ton$. The water footprint of broiler chicken was calculated to $2,427.7m^3/ton$, and direct water was $7.6m^3/ton$, and indirect water was $2,420.1m^3/ton$. Also, we compared the water footprint to water demand of water vision 2020 which is the main report for national water management. The water vision 2020 reported only direct water for live animal, but the water footprint includes the direct and indirect water. Therefore, the water footprint could be applied to various fields relating water and food.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.684-692
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• 2011

The quality attributes of thigh meat from a certified meat-type commercial Korean native chicken (WoorimatdagTM, WM) and a commercial broiler (Ross, CB) raised under the same environmental conditions, were compared. One-d-old, mixedsex WM (200), and 200 broilers (Ross, CB) each were randomly assigned to floor pens (20 chickens per pen). The production stages (I, II, and III) were selected based on similar live weight. The crude fat contents of WM thigh meat were lower than those of CB. WM thigh meat contained higher stearic and arachidonic acid contents but lower palmitoleic and oleic acid contents compared to those of CB. The thigh meat color CIE $L^*$- and CIE $b^*$-values of WM were lower, but inosine-5'-monophosphate content was higher in WM than CB in whole production stages. WM thigh meat showed higher collagen content, hardness, springiness, gumminess, and chewiness than CB. In sensory evaluation, odor, taste, and overall acceptance were higher while color was lower in WM. Based on these results, it can be concluded that even if commercial broilers are raised under the same environmental conditions as WM, the unique quality attributes of WM thigh meat are distinctively unique.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2018

Objective: Meat quality including muscle color in chickens is an important trait and continuous selective pressures for fast growth and high yield have negatively impacted this trait. This study was conducted to investigate genetic variations responsible for regulating muscle color. Methods: Whole genome re-sequencing analysis using Illumina HiSeq paired end read method was performed with pooled DNA samples isolated from two broiler chicken lines divergently selected for muscle color (high muscle color [HMC] and low muscle color [LMC]) along with their random bred control line (RAN). Sequencing read data was aligned to the chicken reference genome sequence for Red Jungle Fowl (Galgal4) using reference based genome alignment with NGen program of the Lasergene software package. The potential causal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) showing non-synonymous changes in coding DNA sequence regions were chosen in each line. Bioinformatic analyses to interpret functions of genes retaining SNPs were performed using the ingenuity pathways analysis (IPA). Results: Millions of SNPs were identified and totally 2,884 SNPs (1,307 for HMC and 1,577 for LMC) showing >75% SNP rates could induce non-synonymous mutations in amino acid sequences. Of those, SNPs showing over 10 read depths yielded 15 more reliable SNPs including 1 for HMC and 14 for LMC. The IPA analyses suggested that meat color in chickens appeared to be associated with chromosomal DNA stability, the functions of ubiquitylation (UBC) and quality and quantity of various subtypes of collagens. Conclusion: In this study, various potential genetic markers showing amino acid changes were identified in differential meat color lines, that can be used for further animal selection strategy.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2012

This study examined the efficacy of natural ingredient formulated herbal medicine as feed additives against coccidiosis in broiler chicken. Medicinal herbs used in this study were Artemisia annua, Pulsatilla chinensis, Clematis chinensis and Scutellaria baicalensis. Two week old chicks were administered with 1% ingredient formulated herbal medicine. Observations of the efficacy were confirmed by examining the lesion score, histopathological appearance of cecum, shedding of fecal oocyst and production index in farm. S. baicalensis of the most effective substance were analyzed by UPLC. The results are as follows; among various types of Chinese medicine, the most efficacious ingredient was found to be pure bicalein. The major index substance is bicalein and $13{\mu}g/ml$ per gram was found. Feeding of chickens with S. baicalensis induced the coccidiostat effect and reduced the fecal shedding of E. tenella oocyst by 14%. Experimental results on a farm, feed conversion ratio and weight gain and production rate in the group with natural ingredient formulated additives than in control group increased. The rate of weight gain (%) in each experimental group showed 108% and 126% increase while the mortality rate was 1.4% lower than the control group. The investigation showed that the most efficacious ingredient was found to be S. baicalensis among herbal medicine products for coccidiostats. However, as it was found in the farm experiment that pure S. baicalensis alone is economically unviable. The additives with cocktailed of efficacious ingredient are suggested to be implemented for effective protection against coccidiosis.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.199-210
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• 2020

발바닥 피부염은 발바닥 표면에 생기는 상처로 세계 가금산업에서 더욱 중요한 문제가 되고 있다. 발바닥 피부염은 닭의 복지뿐만 아니라, 닭발의 품질과 생산성에도 영향을 미치기 때문이다. 아시아 먹거리 시장에서 닭발에 대한 소비자 수요가 증가함에 따라 발바닥 피부염을 줄이기 위한 방법을 찾는 양계업체의 관심이 증가하고 있다. 발바닥 피부염은 깔짚 수분함량에 직접적인 영향을 받아 생기는 것으로 영양, 급수기 형태 및 관리, 환경 상태(온도, 상대습도, 암모니아 수준, 환기량 등), 계군의 건강 등 다양한 요인들이 복합적으로 연관되어 있다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 발바닥 피부염의 특징, 생성 원인, 발바닥 피부염 평가시스템, 최근 연구 등 발바닥 피부염에 대한 전반적인 사항을 다루고, 이를 통해 발바닥 피부염에 대한 이해와 향후 연구 수립에 도움을 주는 기초 자료로써 활용하고자 한다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권12호
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• pp.1957-1966
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• 2022

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the difference in the thigh meat quality of Ross 308 broiler from conventional and welfare farms. Methods: Thigh meat samples of Ross 308 broilers (age, 35 d; carcass weight, 1.1 kg) from conventional farm (RCF, n = 60) and animal welfare farms (RAWF, n = 60) were analyzed. Proximate composition, pH, color (lightness, redness, and yellowness), water-holding capacity (WHC), shear force, total aerobic bacteria (TAB), and volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) were measured and the levels of bioactive compounds such as dipeptides (anserine and carnosine), creatine, creatinine, and their anti-oxidation activity were determined. Results: The RCF and RAWF did not differ significantly in their proximate composition, WHC, color, and creatine and carnosine levels. The pH value was significantly lower in RAWF than in RCF on day 7. The shear force value was significantly higher in RAWF than in RCF throughout the storage duration. TAB in RCF on day 9 were significantly higher than those in RAWF. The VBN content of RAWF was significantly lower than that of RCF after 5 days of storage. Creatinine content was significantly higher in RAWF (3.50 mg/100 g) than in RCF (3.08 mg/100 g) on day 1. Along with higher carnosine and anserine contents of RAWF, it had significantly higher 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activities than those of RCF. Conclusion: These results imply that the animal welfare farming system beneficially affects the overall oxidative stability of Ross 308 thigh meat.