• 제목/요약/키워드: breeding method

검색결과 782건 처리시간 0.031초

Effects of Vitamin A on Carcass Composition Concerning Younger Steer Fattening of Wagyu Cattle

  • Nade, T.;Hirabara, S.;Okumura, T.;Fujita, K.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제16권3호
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    • pp.353-358
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    • 2003
  • Regarding the fattening of younger cattle that the Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) recommends in Japan, this study looked at vitamin A control in feed and blood and its effect on performance of production and carcass composition of Wagyu steers. Five sets from 10 Wagyu artificial identical twins were divided to into 2 groups, a restricted group (Test) and a supplied group (Control). The body weight at the finishing time of the Test was significantly lower than that of the Control (p<0.05). The daily gain from 13 to 21 months old, as the animals in the Test were fed the concentrated feed without Vitamin A, was significantly different (p<0.05) between the Test and the Control. The total daily gains for the Test and the Control for the fattening period were 0.82 kg/day and 0.93 kg/day, respectively, which showed a significant difference (p<0.01). Regarding the rib thickness, the Test was thinner than the Control. The Beef Marbling Scores of the Test and Control were 3.60 and 2.80, respectively. The muscle weight of the Test was significantly smaller than that of the Control (p<0.01). However, regarding the ratio to the carcass, the Test was significantly higher than the Control (p<0.05). For the fat weight, the Test was smaller by about 15 kg than the Control (p<0.01). Furthermore, for the fat ratio to the carcass, the Test was significantly lower than the Control (p<0.05). The bone weights of the two groups were approximately the same. Regarding the ratio of bone to carcass, the Test was higher than the Control (p<0.01). For the younger fattening method, the low level vitamin A in the serum had the effect that the muscle ratio to the carcass weight was greater and the fat was less, but the carcass and muscle weight were less.

Effect of Hybridization on Carcass Traits and Meat Quality of Erlang Mountainous Chickens

  • Yin, H.D.;Gilbert, E.R.;Chen, S.Y.;Wang, Y.;Zhang, Z.C.;Zhao, X.L.;Zhang, Yao;Zhu, Q.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제26권10호
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    • pp.1504-1510
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    • 2013
  • Native chickens hold a significant share of the market in China. In response to the huge demand from the market, the productivity of Chinese native chickens needs to be improved. Cross breeding is an effective method to increase productivity, although it might affect meat quality. In this study, two pure lines (SD02 and SD03) of Erlang mountainous chickens were hybridized with a yellow feather and faster growing line (SD01). The effect of hybridization on carcass and meat quality (physiochemical and textural traits) was measured in the $F_1$ population at d 91 of age. The hybrids exhibited higher body weight and dressed weight, and amount of semi-eviscerated, eviscerated, breast muscle and abdominal fat (p<0.05). Abdominal fat yield also increased (p<0.05) compared to the offspring of the two pure-lines. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in meat quality traits except for the myofiber diameter and density and the shear force of the breast muscle. Overall, the offspring of cross-lines were similar to pure lines in meat color, pH value, inosinic acid, crude protein, crude fat, dry matter, moisture content and amino acid composition in the breast muscle. These results suggest that productivity can be improved via cross-breeding while maintaining meat quality of the Erlang mountainous chicken.

Agronomic Characteristics of Rice Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) Developed from a Cross of Nonganbyeo and BG 279

  • Lee, Jeom-Ho;Kim, Nam-Soo;Cho, Youn-Sang;Song, Moon-Tae;Hwang, Hung-Goo;Moon, Huhn-Pal
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제44권1호
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    • pp.86-94
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    • 1999
  • A set of rice recombinant inbred lines was developed from a cross between a Tongil type variety, Nonganbyeo, and an indica variety, BG276, by the single seed descent method. The number of the lines in the population was 272. All the agronomic characters studied except ADV (alkali-digestion value) showed continuous variation among the RILs, implying that their inheritance mode should be quantitative. The patterns of the variation in the RILs were either normal or skewed distribution. ADVs of RILs were segregated into two groups with 1:1 ratio, indicating that ADVs in this KIL population might be controlled by one major gene. Transgressive variations were also observed in all characters. Heritability values of the characters varied from 0.488 in brown/rough rice ratio to 0.895 in alkali-digestion value. In the analysis of genotypic and phenotypic correlations, the character of yield was positively correlated with 8 different agronomic characters. The number of panicles per hill was negatively correlated with culm length, panicle length, and number of spikelets per panicle. Grain length was positively correlated with grain width, grain thickness, grain length/width ratio, white belly, ADV, and amylose. However, grain length/width ratio was negatively correlated with grain width. White core was also negatively correlated with white belly and ADV.

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Phylogenetic relationships of Iranian Allium species using the matK (cpDNA gene) region

  • Zarei, Hemadollah;Fakheri, Barat Ali;Naghavi, Mohammad Reza;Mahdinezhad, Nafiseh
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • 제47권1호
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    • pp.15-25
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    • 2020
  • Allium L. is one of the largest genera of the Amaryllidaceae family, with more than 920 species including many economically important species used as vegetables, spices, medicines, or ornamental plants. Currently, DNA barcoding tools are being successfully used for the molecular taxonomy of Allium. A total of 46 Allium species were collected from their native areas, and DNA was extracted using the IBRC DNA extraction kit. We used specific primers to PCR amplify matK. DNA sequences were edited and aligned for homology, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed using the neighbor-joining method. The results show thymine (38.5%) was the most frequent and guanine (13.9%) the least frequent nucleotide. The matK regions of the populations were quite highly conserved, and the amount of C and CT was calculated at 0.162 and 0.26, respectively. Analysis of the nucleotide substitution showed C-T (26.22%) and A-G (8.08%) to have the highest and lowest percent, respectively. The natural selection process dN/dS was 1.16, and the naturality test results were -1.5 for Tajima's D and -1.19 for Fu's Fs. The NJ dendrogram generated three distinct clades: the first contained Allium austroiranicum and A. ampeloprasum; the second contained A. iranshahrii, A. bisotunense, and A. cf assadi; and the third contained A. rubellum and other species. In this study, we tested the utility of the matK region as a DNA barcode for discriminating Allium. species.

SRAP을 이용한 국내육성 심비디움 품종의 유전적 다양성 분석 (Analysis of Genetic Diversity in Cymbidium Varieties Using SRAP)

  • 박부희;김미선;이영란;박필만;이동수;예병우
    • 한국육종학회지
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    • 제43권5호
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    • pp.399-404
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    • 2011
  • Genetic diversity among 28 Cymbidium varieties was evaluated by using a sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) marker system. The SRAP marker which was based on the open reading frames (ORFs) regions was developed primarily for Brassica species, but has been applied to various crops. A total of 30 SRAP primer combinations were initially screened. Twenty-eight SRAP primer combinations showed high polymorphism among the 28 Cymbidium varieties, which were consisted of breeding varieties and their parents in National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science (NIHHS). The amplified DNA fragments were separated by denaturing acrylamide gels and detected silver staining method. One hundred ninety six polymorphic bands (7 per primer) were generated and ranged from 0.3 to 1.0 kb in size. Polymorphic fragments were scored for calculating simple matching coefficient of genetic similarity and cluster analysis with multi-variate statistical package (MVSP) 3.1. The mean genetic similarity coefficient value was 0.588. The results showed that the correlation between $F_1$ varieties and their parents was high. These studied SRAP markers will be useful tools for genotype identification, germplasm conservation, genetic relationships in Cymbidium.

Detection of Blackleg Resistance Gene Rlm1 in Double-Low Rapeseed Accessions from Sichuan Province, by Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR

  • Chai, Liang;Zhang, Jinfang;Dilantha Fernando, Wannakuwattewaduge Gerard;Li, Haojie;Huang, Xiaoqin;Cui, Cheng;Jiang, Jun;Zheng, Benchuan;Liu, Yong;Jiang, Liangcai
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제37권2호
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    • pp.194-199
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    • 2021
  • Blackleg is a serious disease in Brassica plants, causing moderate to severe yield losses in rapeseed worldwide. Although China has not suffered from this disease yet (more aggressive Leptosphaeria maculans is not present yet), it is crucial to take provisions in breeding for disease resistance to have excellent blackleg-resistant cultivars already in the fields or in the breeding pipeline. The most efficient strategy for controlling this disease is breeding plants with identified resistance genes. We selected 135 rapeseed accessions in Sichuan, including 30 parental materials and 105 hybrids, and we determined their glucosinolate and erucic acid content and confirmed 17 double-low materials. A recently developed single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker, SNP_208, was used to genotype allelic Rlm1/rlm1 on chromosome A07, and 87 AvrLm1-resistant materials. Combined with the above-mentioned seed quality data, we identified 11 AvrLm1-resistant double-low rapeseed accessions, including nine parental materials and two hybrids. This study lays the foundation of specific R gene-oriented breeding, in the case that the aggressive Leptosphaeria maculans invades and establishes in China in the future and a robust and less labor consuming method to identify resistance in canola germplasm.

Estimation of co-variance components, genetic parameters, and genetic trends of reproductive traits in community-based breeding program of Bonga sheep in Ethiopia

  • Areb, Ebadu;Getachew, Tesfaye;Kirmani, MA;G.silase, Tegbaru;Haile, Aynalem
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • 제34권9호
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    • pp.1451-1459
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    • 2021
  • Objective: The objectives of the study were to evaluate reproductive performance and selection response through genetic trend of community-based breeding programs (CBBPs) of Bonga sheep. Methods: Reproduction traits data were collected between 2012 and 2018 from Bonga sheep CBBPs. Phenotypic performance was analyzed using the general linear model procedures of Statistical Analysis System. Genetic parameters were estimated by univariate animal model for age at first lambing (AFL) and repeatability models for lambing interval (LI), litter size (LS), and annual reproductive rate (ARR) traits using restricted maximum likelihood method of WOMBAT. For correlations bivariate animal model was used. Best model was chosen based on likelihood ratio test. The genetic trends were estimated by the weighted regression of the average breeding value of the animals on the year of birth/lambing. Results: The overall least squares mean±standard error of AFL, LI, LS, and ARR were 375±12.5, 284±9.9, 1.45±0.010, and 2.31±0.050, respectively. Direct heritability estimates for AFL, LI, LS, and ARR were 0.07±0.190, 0.06±0.120, 0.18±0.070, and 0.25±0.203, respectively. The low heritability for both AFL and LI showed that these traits respond little to selection programs but rather highly depend on animal management options. The annual genetic gains were -0.0281 days, -0.016 days, -0.0002 lambs and 0.0003 lambs for AFL, LI, LS, and ARR, respectively. Conclusion: Implications of the result to future improvement programs were improving management of animals, conservation of prolific flocks and out scaling the CBBP to get better results.

Comparison on genomic prediction using pedigree BLUP and single step GBLUP through the Hanwoo full-sib family

  • Eun-Ho Kim;Ho-Chan Kang;Cheol-Hyun Myung;Ji-Yeong Kim;Du-Won Sun;Doo-Ho Lee;Seung-Hwan Lee;Hyun-Tae Lim
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • 제36권9호
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    • pp.1327-1335
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    • 2023
  • Objective: When evaluating individuals with the same parent and no phenotype by pedigree best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP), it is difficult to explain carcass grade difference and select individuals because they have the same value in pedigree BLUP (PBLUP). However, single step GBLUP (ssGBLUP), which can estimate the breeding value suitable for the individual by adding genotype, is more accurate than the existing method. Methods: The breeding value and accuracy were estimated with pedigree BLUP and ssGBLUP using pedigree and genotype of 408 Hanwoo cattle from 16 families with the same parent among siblings produced by fertilized egg transplantation. A total of 14,225 Hanwoo cattle with pedigree, genotype and phenotype were used as the reference population. PBLUP obtained estimated breeding value (EBV) using the pedigree of the test and reference populations, and ssGBLUP obtained genomic EBV (GEBV) after constructing and H-matrix by integrating the pedigree and genotype of the test and reference populations. Results: For all traits, the accuracy of GEBV using ssGBLUP is 0.18 to 0.20 higher than the accuracy of EBV obtained with PBLUP. Comparison of EBV and GEBV of individuals without phenotype, since the value of EBV is estimated based on expected values of alleles passed down from common ancestors. It does not take Mendelian sampling into consideration, so the EBV of all individuals within the same family is estimated to be the same value. However, GEBV makes estimating true kinship coefficient based on different genotypes of individuals possible, so GEBV that corresponds to each individual is estimated rather than a uniform GEBV for each individual. Conclusion: Since Hanwoo cows bred through embryo transfer have a high possibility of having the same parent, if ssGBLUP after adding genotype is used, estimating true kinship coefficient corresponding to each individual becomes possible, allowing for more accurate estimation of breeding value.

내도복 다수성 기계수확 적응 소립 나물용 콩 '아람' (Lodging-Tolerant, High Yield, Mechanized-Harvest Adaptable and Small Seed Soybean Cultivar 'Aram' for Soy-sprout)

  • 강범규;김현태;고종민;윤홍태;이영훈;서정현;정찬식;신상욱;오은영;김홍식;오인석;백인열;오재현;서민정;양우삼;김동관;곽도연
    • 한국육종학회지
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    • 제51권3호
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    • pp.214-221
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    • 2019
  • '아람'은 보석(IT213209)과 Camp (IT267356)를 모본으로 2007년 인공교배 하여 F1, F2 분리집단을 전개하고 F3-F4 세대는 세계 채소 센터(AVRDC, Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center)에서 세대촉진을 수행하고 F5 세대에서 계통을 선발하였다. 2012년~2013년 생산력검정시험을 통해 수량과 농업적 형질을 평가하고, 2014~2016년 수원, 나주, 달성, 제주에서 지역적응시험을 수행하여 지역별 적응성과 재배 안정성을 평가하였다. 아람은 유한신육형이며 엽형이 삼각형, 화색이 백색, 모용색이 회색, 협색은 황색이며 종실은 소립 구형으로 백립중이 9.9 g으로 풍산나물콩보다 1.0 g 가볍고 종피색은 황색, 배꼽색은 담갈색의 질적 특성을 가지고 있다. 개화기는 8월 5일, 성숙기는 10월 15일로 만숙종이며 풍산나물콩 보다 7일 느리다. 경장은 65 cm, 착협고는 13 cm, 마디수는 16개, 분지수는 4.5개이며 분지가 길고 각도가 작은 도원추형 초형이다. 내병성 검정결과 불마름병, 종자 이병립율, 검은뿌리 썩음병, 콩나방 저항성 등이 모두 강하였으며, 콩모자이크바이러스는 G5, G6H, G7H 접종 시 모자이크 증상이 나타났으나 3년간의 자연 이병 검정결과에서는 병징이 조사되지 않았다. 발아특성은 발아세와 발아율 모두 풍산나물콩보다 우수하였으며 콩나물 특성은 풍산나물콩과 비슷한 수준이었다. 수량성은 지역적응시험 결과 남부지역 평균 3.59 ton/ha로 풍산나물콩 대비 12% 증수되었다.

산불 후 복원방법의 차이가 번식기 조류 군집에 미치는 영향 (Differences in Breeding Bird Communities by Post-fire Restoration Methods)

  • 김진용;이은재;최창용;이우신;임주훈
    • 한국환경생태학회지
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    • 제29권4호
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    • pp.508-515
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    • 2015
  • 산불피해지의 복원과정은 산불 후 장기간에 걸친 천이의 영향으로 조류군집에 많은 변화가 예상되므로 장기적인 조사가 필요하다. 본 연구는 대형 산불 발생 13년 후 복원 방법에 따른 번식기 조류 군집의 차이를 파악하기 위해 강원도 삼척시 검봉산 지역에서 산불 미피해지와 산불 후 자연복원지, 산림시업복원지 등 3개 지역을 대상으로 하였으며, 2013년 봄철 번식기 동안 108개 지점의 정점을 조사하였다. 조사 결과, 평균 종수와 개체수, 종다양도는 모두 자연복원지역이 피해목 벌채 및 식재와 같은 산림시업복원지역에 비해 높게 나타났으며, 미피해지역과 자연복원지역은 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 길드 분석 결과, 수관 탐색 조류(foliage searcher)와 수간 및 나무줄기 천공 조류(timber driller), 일차 수동성 조류(primary cavity nester), 이차 수동성 조류(secondary cavity nester) 모두 산불 후 산림시업복원지역이 다른 두 지역보다 서식 밀도가 낮게 나타났으며, 미피해지역과 자연복원지역은 차이를 보이지 않았다. 따라서 산불 후 개벌 및 조림으로 대표되는 복원 방법은 번식기 조류의 밀도 및 종 다양성 회복을 저해할 수 있으므로, 가능한 인위적인 산림시업 방법을 지양하고 자연복원 방식을 채택하는 것이 효율적인 방법이라 생각된다.