• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.151-157
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• 2017

The objectives of this study were to determine the impact of soil water content on the growth, stomatal conductance, and photosynthesis of Kimchi cabbage and to evaluate proper parameters for development of growth models. There were five levels of irrigation amount treatments (0, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mL/d/plant) and those were commenced at one day after transplanting (DAT). We measured soil water content, stomatal conductance, photosynthesis characteristics, and the A-Ci curve. The growth of Kimchi cabbage as affected by irrigation amount was evaluated at 38 days after transplanting, however, the growth with 0 and 200 mL/d/plant irrigation amount treatments measured at 29 DAT. The relationship between soil water content and stomatal conductance was highly correlated ($r^2=0.999$) and the function represented by y = 6097.4x - 4.2984. The stomatal conductance of Kimchi cabbage leaves showed $300mmol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ when the soil water content was below $0.05m^3/m^3$. The stomatal conductance was rapidly decreased by scarcity of soil moisture. A-Ci curve indicated normal curve in fully irrigation treatment (500 mL/d/plant), however, $CO_2$ couldn't diffuse through the intercellular Kimchi cabbage leaves treated with 0 mL/d/plant. The dry weight of full irrigation treatment was greater approximately 6.8 times than that of deficit irrigation (0 mL/d/plant). In addition, leaf area index showed a logarithmic function (y = 16.573 + 3.398 ln x) with soil water content and that of R-squared represents 0.913. Results indicated that the soil water content was highly correlated with stomatal conductance and leaf area index. Indeed, the scarcity soil moisture reduced photosynthesis and retarded growth.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.101-109
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• 2019

The effect of packaging and storage methods in enhancing the shelf life and improving the postharvest quality of the Korean head cabbage (Brassica rapa) used for wrapping vegetables was studied at 10℃. The wrapping cabbage was packed using four types of packaging and storage materials: (A) Perforated PP film; (B) Non-perforated PP film; (C) PVC film for wrapping; and (D) non-packaged as control. The quality parameters, such as fresh appearance, weight loss, hue angle, moisture content, hardness, and SSC of wrapping cabbage were investigated. The weight loss of wrapping cabbage showed a significant difference between the one packaged with film and the non-packaged as control. The general appearance of Korean cabbage stored at 10℃ was not significantly affected by the packaging treatments. However, Korean head cabbage packaged with perforated film tend to show a better external appearance compared with those exposed to the other packaging during three weeks of storage at 10℃. The inside appearance, hue angle, moisture content, hardness, and SSC, gradually decreased during the storage period. No remarkable change in the measured items were observed in Korean cabbage packaging methods. In this experiment, the Korean cabbage packaged inside a PP film with holes, and stored at 10℃ temperature had the most desirable outcome of extending the head cabbage's shelf life and appearance quality. Results suggest that perforated packaging treatment combined with low storage temperature could be an effective method in prolonging the shelf life of Korean cabbage for wrapping vegetable.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.57-61
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• 1992

For testing salts effect on seed germination, nitrogen solutions($(NH_4)_2SO_4$, $NH_4NO_3$, $KNO_3$, $Mg(NO_3)_2$, $Ca(NO_3)_2$, $(NH_2)_2CO$) were treated to chinese cabbage(Brassica rape L.) and lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.) seeding on the quartz sand bed given a tilt to wet by dripping. Electrical conductivities (mS/cm) increased with direct proportion by equivalent gram-molecular weight at $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ and $KNO_3$, $NH_4NO_3$, but those of Mg and Ca salt remained 1 1/2 times higher. And urea solution never showed EC at all. $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ solution appeared to have value of EC with 1.37 times as high as that of $KNO_3$ and it was in order of $(NH_4)_2SO_4>NH_4NO_3>KNO_3>Ca(NO_3)_2>Mg(NO_3)_2$ comparing with same percentage solution. Application of $Mg(NO_3)_2$ and $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ among 6 salts resulted in a severe decreas in germination of both crops, and $NH_4NO_3$ showed light inhibition in comparison to $KNO_3$. Urea showed little effect on germination as the same as $Ca(NO_3)_2$ and $KNO_3$ solution at low concentrations, but the latter two salts reduced germination remarkably at high concentrations. It is likely to show that germination inhibition is not affected by salt salanity but by the sort of salts.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.304-309
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• 2008

All the seeds of rape (Brassica napus) sprout vegetables were germinated within three days after seeding irrelevant to the light colors. The total fresh weight of rape sprout vegetables at 6 days after seeding have been increased when grown under green and white color lights by 0.339g/10plants and 0.339g/10plants compared with the control. The total flavonoid contents in rape sprouts were increased under red and blue lights by 72.5 and 70.9mg${\cdot}L^{-1}$. Those DPPH radical scavenging activities at 2,000mg${\cdot}L^{-1}$ were increased by 90.0 and 90.3% which were sprouted and grown under blue and white lights. Nitrite radical scavenging activity of sprouts were most decreased compared with the control when grown under the red light by 57.4mg${\cdot}L^{-1}$. And mushroom tyrosinase inhibition activity of rape sprouts was extremely increased under the green light by 22.5mg${\cdot}L^{-1}$.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.326-331
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• 2009

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of row cover materials supported by flexible FRP frames with three kinds of non-woven fabric, and five kinds of net in leaf vegetable cultivation. Leaf radish (Raphanus sativus L.), Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) were sown on May 21, 2003, and leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) was planted at the same date in Agricultural Research Center for Climate Change, Jeju, Korea. Net coverings showed higher light transmittance than in non-woven fabric coverings. The average air and soil temperatures increased by $0.3{\sim}1.0^{\circ}C$ in net coverings and $0.5{\sim}3.0^{\circ}C$ in non-woven fabric coverings, respectively. There was no difference in relative humidity among the covering materials. All the vegetables showed higher growths and yields in non-woven coverings than in non-covering. The yields increased 81% in leaf lettuce, 58% in leaf radish, and 93% in Chinese cabbage, respectively. In addition, the insect damages were considerably reduced in the row covering plots than in the control, especially in non-woven fabric coverings.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.35-39
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of early $CO_2$ enrichment during seedling stage on long-term $CO_2$ enrichment after transplanting in the culture of pat-choi (Brassica campesris L), spinach (Spinacia oeracea L.), and leaf lettuce (Lactuca saliva L). During seedling stage, $CO_2$enrichment had significantly higher fresh and dry weight and leaf area of the top parts (above ground) of all three plant species than the control (no $CO_2$ enrichment). About 53%, 70% , and 40% increase in fresh weight of the top parts of pak-choi, spinach, and leaf lettuce were observed, respectively. Also, in seedling stage, dry weights of roots of spinach and leaf lettuce were significantly increased by early $CO_2$ enrichment. Relative fresh weight increment, compared with fresh weight of the control, in the top parts of roll three plants showed the highest values in 10 days after $CO_2$ enrichment treatment. In the long-term $CO_2$ enrichment experiment, early $CO_2$ enrichmented plants had 20% greater leaf area than the control in all three leafy vegetables. Fresh and dry weights of top parts of early $CO_2$-treated plants were also increased from 10 to 20%, as compared with the control plants. However, these increasement rates in the long-term $CO_2$ enrichment were lower than those seedling stage, which had 30-60% increment-rates. After transplanting, photosynthetic rate of each leafy vegetable in the control treatment slowly decreased, but those rates of early $CO_2$ enriched plants rapidly decreased.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.533-541
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• 1995

The leakage characteristics of electrical conductivity, inorganic constituents-K, Ca, Mg and Na, total sugar and total amino acid from the exudates of some vegetable seeds of viable and non-viable(artificially aged) were quantified to get basic information about the detection of the non-viable seeds. The crops studied were radish, cabbage, broccoli, onion and carrot. The time course electrolyte leakage was different from viable and non-viable seed of cruciferae but not sensitive in onion and carrot seed In inorganic constituents, potassium leakage was the greatest amount and difference between viable and non-viable seeds, but Ca, Mg and Na leakages were not as much differences as potassium. Total sugar as glucose and total amino acid as glycin leaked a lot more in aged radish, cabbage and broccoli seed than non-aged seed and the large differences were appeared after 4 hour imbibition. As a results, in general the leakages from the aged seeds were greater than from the non-aged seeds in most components tested but they were varied depending on species or varieties and components.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.73-81
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• 1996

The expriment was carried out to clarify the fertilizer efficiency of a garbage-based compost in cultivation of leaf vegitables. 1. Only application of 8 tons per 10 of the compost did not have any growth injury to "Osaka-shirona" (a cultivar of Brassica pekinensis L.) in a pot experiment 2. In four continuous cropping with application of 3 tons per 10 a of the compost before every seeding, "Osaka-shirona" grew satisfactorily. 3. Osaka-shirona, spinich and garland chrysanthemum were cultivated under a plastic house applied with 2 tons per a of each of the garbage-based compost and cattle manure, delayed release fertilizer and bark compost on the market. There was no difference of the vegetable yields among the applied field, as well as of the contents of ${\beta}$-carotene, vitamin C, Ca and Fe.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.907-911
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• 2008

Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is one of very important crop plants in the world. It is very important to determine hybrid seed quality in the production of hybrid Brassica vegetable seeds to avoid unacceptable contamination with self-inbred (sib) seeds. The allozyme for evaluating seed purity in a commercial $F_1-hybrid$ radish cultivar is demonstrated. Three hundred sixty seeds from the male and female harvest were subsequently screened for seed purity using 27 isozyme loci. Especially, F1 hybrids of radish, Per-1 ($aa{\times}bb$), Lap-1 ($aa{\times}bb$), Est-1 ($aa{\times}bb$) were presented clear hybrid bands. Est-1 locus revealed that 15 (8.3%) seeds from the female harvest and 26 (14.4%) seeds from the male harvest were sibs. It maintains higher than average level of genetic diversity compared with their correspondent parents. Shannon's index of phenotypic diversity (I) of hybrids was the highest of all accessions (R. sativus L. cv. Daepeng, R. sativus L. cv. Backza, and their hybrids). The allozyme may lead to a better insight into the hybrid seed purity.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.137-146
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• 2007

The substitution of fossil fuels with biofuels has been proposed by the European Union (EU) as part of a strategy to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from road transport, increase security of energy supply and support the development of rural communities. Vegetable oils and their derivatives (especially methyl esters), commonly referred to as 'biodiesel', are prominent candidates as alternative diesel fuels. They have advanced from being purely experimental fuels to the initial stages of commercialization. They are technically competitive with or offer technical advantages compared to conventional diesel fuel. However, several problems remain including economics, combustions, some emissions, lube oil contamination, and low-temperature properties. Therefore, quality control of fuel-related properties of biodiesel is needed to obtain consistent engine performance by fuel users. The quality of the fuel is affected by the oil composition. Rapeseed oil has been targeted for fuel use because it produces an oil with a close-to-optimum set of fuel characteristics. In this paper we have reviewed past and current efforts, both by traditional seed-breeding methods and by genetic engineering, to modify rapeseed oil quality and yield.