• Composites Research
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.47-53
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• 2004

In this work, two thermal latent catalysts, i.e., N-benzylpyrazinium hexafluoroantimonate (BPH) and benzyl-2,5-dimethylpyrazinium hexafluoroantimonate (BDPH), were synthesized. The cure behaviors and thermal stabilities of diglycidylether of bisphenol A (DCEBA) epoxy resins initiated by 1 wt.% of the catalysts were investigated by DSC, NIR, TCA, and DMA Latent properties of the catalysts were examined by conversion of epoxy resins using NIR from $100^{\circ}C$ to $180^{\circ}C$ From the resultes of near-IR, DGEBA/BPH system showed higher conversion than that of DGEBA/BDPH system. The thermal stabilities of DGEBA/BDPH system based on the initial decomposition temperature (IDT) and integral procedural decomposition (IPDT) were relatively lower than those of DCEBA/BPH system. These could be attributed to the hindered structure of BDPH, resulting in decreasing the thermal stability in the DGEBA/BDPH system.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.27-34
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• 2023

Objectives : Currently, the benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common urogenital disorder in old men. We were performed to determine the effects of abietic acid (AC), component of pine resin, in benign prostatic hyperplastic Sprague-Dawley rat (SD rat) induced by testosterone injection (IP). Methods : We monitored body weights in SD rat at start and end date of experiment. After end of experiment, the prostate weights were measured in SD rats. Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) levels was performed in serum. And we determined the 5-alpha reductase Ⅱ activity, testosterone levels, and dihydrotestosterone levels in prostate tissue and serum using ELISA kit. Results : As results, the prostate wights were increased in BPH group compared to normal group and were decreased in fina, AC30, and AC 50 groups, respectively. Serum GOT levels were decreased in AC50 group compared to BPH group. And Serum GPT levels of AC30 and AC50 groups were lower than BPH group. In addition, the 5-alpha reductase Ⅱ activity, testosterone levels, and dihydrotestosterone levels were decreased the fina, AC10, AC30, and AC 50 groups contrast to the BPH group. Furthermore, 5-alpha reductase Ⅱ activity, testosterone levels, and dihydrotestosterone levels were decreased dose dependent in AC groups compared to BPH group. Conclusion : These results suggest that AC could be used as a potential material for the treatment of BPH by decreasing the androgen levels in benign prostatic hyperplasia model rats.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.340-343
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• 2002

A PCB degrader, Ralstonia eutropha H850 was shown to induce bphC gene encoding 2,3-dihydroxy-biphenyl-1,2-dioxygenase in a carvone-amended pure culture in our previous study (Park et al.,1999). The present study was carried out to examine how plant terpenes, as natural substrates, would cause an expression of a PCB degradative gene in soil that was amended with terpenes. The population of Ralstonia eutropha H850 was maintained at least around 10$\^$8/ (CFU/g fresh soil) in the soil amended with carvone or limonene in the presence of succinate as a growth substrate at 50 th day. The gene expression was monitored by RT-PCR using total RNA directly extracted from each soil and bphC gene primers. The bphC gene expression of the seeded strain H850 was observed in the soil amended with biphenyl (4 days) but not with succinate, carvone and limonene. These results indicate that terpenes widely distributed in nature could be a potential inducing substrate for effective PCB biodegration in the soil but their bioavailability and specific induction behavior should be taken into account before PCB bioremediation implementation.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.238-243
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• 2019

In this study, the marker compounds of Curcumae Rhizoma (CR) were simultaneously quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with a photodiode array detector and the anti-inflammatory effects of CR extract and marker compounds in human benign prostatic hyperplasia epithelial-1 (BPH-1) cell lines were investigated. The marker components (4S,5S)-(+)-germacrone-4,5-epoxide, furanodienone, and germacrone, were separated on Gemini $C_{18}$ columns ($250mm{\times}4.6mm$, $5{\mu}m$) at $40^{\circ}C$ by using a gradient of two mobile phases eluting at 1.0 mL/min. Prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) levels in Human BPH-1 cells were determined with an ELISA kit. The coefficients of determination in a calibration curve of each analyte were all 0.9997. The limits of detection and quantification of the three compounds were $0.10-0.32{\mu}g/mL$ and $0.30-0.98{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The content of three compounds, (4S,5S)-(+)-germacrone-4,5-epoxide, furanodienone, and germacrone, in the CR sample were found to be 5.79 - 5.92 mg/g, 4.72 - 4.86 mg/g, and 1.06 - 1.09 mg/g, respectively. Regarding pharmacological activity against benign prostatic hyperplasia, CR and its components significantly suppressed $PGE_2$ levels of BPH-1 cells. The established analysis method will help to improve quality assessment of CR samples and related products. In addition, CR and its components exhibit antiinflammatory activity in BPH-1 cells, suggesting the inhibitory efficacy of these compounds against the pathogenesis of BPH.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.507-515
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• 2014

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), which is commonly found in aging men, is characterized by hyperplasia of prostatic stromal and epithelial cells beginning in the periurethral zone of the prostate. The prevalence of BPH increases in an age-dependent manner. Here, we investigated the protective effects of unripe Rubus occidentalis extracts (UROE) on BPH development using a prostate cancer cell line and testosterone-induced BPH rat model. Experiments using an established hormone-dependent prostate cancer cell line (LNCaP) showed that UROE treatment significantly decreased expression of androgen-related genes, including androgen receptor (AR), prostate specific antigen (PSA), and 5-alpha reductase 2, but not 5-alpha reductase 1, which was also observed in flutamide-treated cells. Further, AR and PSA gene expression was reduced by UROE treatment under androgen-stimulated conditions using dihydrotestosterone (DHT). BPH animals displayed elevated prostate weights. However, UROE as well as finasteride treatment significantly reduced prostate weights and DHT levels compared to testosterone-induced BPH animals. Histopathological analysis also showed that UROE treatment suppressed testosterone-induced prostatic hyperplasia. Taken together, the results suggest that UROE may effectively inhibit the development of BPH and thus may be a useful agent in BPH treatment.

• The Korean Journal of Rheology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 1999

The effects of 1 wt.% N-benzylpyrazinium hexafluoroantimonate (BPH) as a thermal latent initiator and blend compositions composed of 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 wt.% of phenol-novolac resin to epoxy resin were investigated in terms of cure kinetics, thermal stabilities and rheological properties. Thermal latent properties of BPH were measured from the conversion as a function of reaction temperature on a dynamic DSC. This cationic BPH system turned out to be an effective thermal latent initiator in the epoxy-phenol curing system. And the increase of phenol-novolac resin concentration led to the decrease in the latent temperature and to the increase of cure activation energy ($E_a$) of the blend system. The thermal stability and activation energy ($E_t$) for decomposition, gel-time and activation energy ($E_c$) for cross-linking from rheometer increased within the composition range of 20~40 wt.% of phenol-novolac resin. This implies that the three-dimensional cross-linking may take place among hydroxyl group within phenol resin, epoxide ring within epoxy resin and BPH.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.1046-1051
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• 1999

Cure behavior and thermal stability of the different ratio of diglycidylether of bisphenol A(DGEBA)/trimethylolpropane triglycidylether(TMP) epoxy blends initiated by 1 wt % N-benzylpyrazinium hexafluoroantimonate (BPH) as a cationic latent catalyst were studied using DSC and TGA, respectively. Latent properties were performed by measurement of the conversion as a function of temperature using dynamic DSC. Dynamic DSC thermograms of DGEBA/TMP blends revealed that the weak peak was formed by complex formation between the hydroxyl groups in DGEBA and BPH, and between epoxides and BPH in low temperature ranges. The strong peak was considered as an exothermic reaction by the formation of three-dimensional network in high temperature ranges. Isothermal DSC revealed that the reaction rate of the blends was found to be higher than that of the neat TMP. The thermal stabilities in the cured resins were increased with increasing the DGEBA content. These results could be interpreted in terms of the stable aromatic structure, existence of hydroxyl group and high molecular weight of DGEBA.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.95-103
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• 2014

Objectives : The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of Paljeong-san pharmac-opuncture(PJS) on the rat model of benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH). Methods : Rats were divided into 5 groups, with 6 rats in each group. The 5 groups included sham-operated group(sham group), BPH model group(BPH group), finasteride-treated group (fina group), PJS-treated groups(PJS 10 and PJS 100 group). Testosterone was injected subcutaneously to the castrated rats except sham group for BPH model. During 4-week experimental period, finasteride(5 mg/kg) was administrated orally once daily in fina group, PJS in PJS 10(10 mg/kg) and PJS 100(100 mg/kg) group and normal saline in sham and BPH group were injected subcutaneously once daily at Jungwan($CV_{12}$). We checked prostate weights, serum concentration of dihydrotestosterone(DHT), morphologic changes of the prostate, and the amount of expression of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) and $5{\alpha}$-reductase gene to evaluate the effect of PJS after 4-week experimental period. Results : 1. PJS and finasteride treatment reduced prostate weights comparing with BPH group, but PJS-treated groups showed no significant changes, unlikely fina group. 2. PJS-treated groups showed significant degreases in concentration of DHT. 3. PJS-treated groups showed significant degreases concentration-dependently in the amount of expression of the PCNA and $5{\alpha}$-reductase gene. 4. PJS treatment showed shrinking of thickness in the prostatic epithelial tissue. Conclusions : PJS has the effects that improve the symptoms of BPH through inhibiting proliferation of the prostatic tissues.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.806-812
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• 2015

Prostatic inflammation plays a crucial role on benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) pathogenesis and progression. In this study, BPH was induced by testosterone propinate in castrated rats for 8 weeks. Hot water extract from Curcuma longa L. (CL) was administered orally for 4 weeks along with positive controls, saw Palmetto and finasteride. CL supplementation induced histological changes, reduced expression of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, IL-$1{\beta}$, COX-2, and phospo-p65 in prostate tissue compared with the BPH group. These findings suggest that suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines could be attributed, at least partly, to the anti-inflammatory action of C. longa, and this action may be helpful to understand the inhibitory effect of Curcuma longa L. in BPH.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.338-349
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was done to examine the relationship of benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) symptoms, anxiety, and depression, and to identify factors influencing quality of sleep in patients with BPH. Methods: 86 BPH patients were the subjects of this study. The collected data was analyzed into descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Results: The quality of sleep of the BPH patients had negative correlations with BPH symptoms, anxiety, and depression. The significant factors influencing quality of sleep were house income, anxiety, explained 43.2% of the variance. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop a nursing intervention that manages anxiety decrease of the BPH patients.