• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.91-99
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to clarify the differences between the K-pop and B-boy dancers'characteristics based on the biomechanical variables through the isolation movement by independent variable t-test using spss 18.0. As a result, first, the CoM composite displacement of the K-pop dancer was larger than that of the B-boy(p<.05) in phase1 and phase2. Second, in phase2 and phase3, the movement speed of CoM was faster in K-pop dancer than in B-boy(p<.05). Third, in phase1, the planar angle between the body and pelvis was greater in the right planar angle of the K-pop dancer, while in the phase2 and phase3, the left planar angle of the B-boy was larger(p<.05). Fourth, the composite hip joint moments of B-boy were larger than those of K-pop in phase1, However, K-pop dancers showed greater moments in phase2, phase3 and phase4, and ankle joint moments in phase3(p<.05). Thus, even with the same isolation, we found that K-pop and B-boy dancers performed differently.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.29-37
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of bodyshape and clothing color on boy's impression. The subjects were composed of 480 elementary students, 11-12 years old. The stimuli were consisted of 12 color photographs by using CAD system that was different in the bodyshape, the clothing color and the level of contained color each other. The subjects reported the stimuli's pression on the questionnaires. The image of the stimuli were emerged 5 differented dimensions ; attractiveness, evaluation, potency, bodyshape, visibility. The boy's impressions of normal bodyshape were more attractive, positive evaluation and thin than obese bodyshape. The boy's impressions who was dressed in pink color shirt were thin than blue color. The boy's impressions were positive evaluation when he was dressed in shirt with pink or blue color in collar and cuffs and the whole. The boy's impression of normal bodyshape wearing blue color shirt was the most attractive but the boy's impression of obese bodyshape wearing pink color shirt was not charm. The boy's evaluation who was normal bodyshape wearing pink color shirt was the most positive and the most thin.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.692-704
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• 2020

The aim of this study is to select MLMA and Noen Eubanks as representatives of Gen Z's unique subculture 'E-girl' and 'E-boy' to analyze fashion images and determine their meaning through the perspective of persona. To conduct this study, a literature review and case studies were combined and fashion images of E-girl and E-boy appearing on social media were analyzed to identify the personas they expressed. A case study of MLMA and Noen Eubanks' Instagram and TikTok account posts showed that grotesque, kitsch, and gender-related images stand out. The digital personae demonstrated by E-girl and E-boy fashion images were demonstrated to be a strange persona that reject perfect beauty and a playful persona escaping from reality and anxiety. Lastly persona of individual identity was shown to be formed. This study provides a basis for understanding and interpreting Gen Z's culture and aesthetics that will lead to future trends. Based on this study, I hope that various studies on E-girl and E-boy apparel will be conducted, and that by understanding the importance of E-girl and E-boy culture for Gen Z (which is paying attention to fashion trends), this can be used as a marketing strategy to consider their characteristics, with data used to inform design development.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.39
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• pp.97-125
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• 2015

Significance of the R16 Korea Contest as Culture Contents. Known for relentless practice and intense moves, widespread presence on the Internet, strong ethnic elements highlighting Korean physical attributes and collective culture, b-boying occupies a special place in Korea today. News of four consecutive wins in major b-boy contests around the world have changed the common public conception that b-boys are simply a group of problem boys and students in hip-hop clothes intent on showing off their dance moves. B-boying is no longer perceived as a dance that is performed in the shadowy underground but as a dynamic and beautiful art form of physical expression that is part of today's popular culture. This paper examines the significance of R-16 Korea as culture contents and its main event, the World B-boy Masters Championship. It introduces how the contest has developed since 2007 to reach popular influence and gain international recognition. The paper also compares R-16 Korea to the world's four major b-boy contests, Battle Of The Year, UK B-boy Championship, Free Style Session, and Red Bull BC One to see if any distinctions could be found among them and to evaluate the significance of R-16 Korea as cultural content in its rise to one of the world's top 5 major b-boy contests. Finally, this study makes suggestions for b-boying to become more established as part of Korea's culture contents.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.64 no.3
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• pp.403-414
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• 2018

This paper suggests a different reading of James Joyce's "Araby" by offering the video game as a lens through which we can reimagine the story. Understanding the unnamed boy's journey to the Araby bazaar as a fetch quest, this paper focuses on the boy's failure to complete this quest. As soon as the boy promises Mangan's sister something from Araby, his fetch quest begins. In order to complete the quest, the boy must successfully perform three sub-quests: get money from his uncle as early as he can, get on the train for the Araby bazaar on time, and pass through the sixpenny entrance at the bazaar. However, because his uncle comes home late, the boy fails to get the money early, and that sets off the subsequent failures. The boy then takes the train late and arrives at the bazaar so late that he feels he must go through any entrance. So he walks through the adult entrance by mistake. As a result, he does not have enough money to buy a gift, failing the larger quest. But, regardless of this failure, the boy can try these quests as many as he wants until he finally succeeds in completing them. But no matter how the boy tries to accomplish these subquests, he is doomed to fail them because he cannot make his uncle come home early. The more he tries his quest, the more bitterly he realizes that he will ultimately fail. In this respect, the boy's "anguish and anger" should be understood as his epiphany: the re-playability of the game is possible, but all the replays lead to the same failure: losing the game. In this regard, reading Joyce's "Araby" is much like playing a video game.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.57-71
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• 1994

I investigated actual conditions of smoking of teenagers who were randomly chosen middle and high school students. 1. Juvenile smoking 1) Parents' opinions of juvenile smoking Most parents do not want their children to smoke after growth : 88.6% of fathers (middle school students: 88.9%, high school students: 88.4%) and 95.1% of mothers (middle school students: 93.4%, high school students :95.5%). 2) Teenagers' opinions of smoking after growth The rate of students who will smoke after growth is 10.8% (middle school students: 12.0%, high school students: 9.9%): students in agricultural areas show the higher rate than those in cities. 3) Parents' opinions of their children's smoking now 1.5% of fathers want their children to smoke now (middle school students: 1.3%, high school students: 1.6%) and 1.1% of mothers do (middle school students: 0.6%, high school students: 1.5%). This shows that most parents do not want their children to smoke now. 4) Students' opinions of their friends' smoking now Students who want their friends smoke now cover 7.8% (middle school students: 7.1%, high school students: 8.4%). This rates are higher than those of parents shown in (3). And more high school students and more girl students gave the positive reponse than middle school boy and girl students, respectively. 5) Students' views of smoking "Look like an adult" covers the rate of 4.0% (boy: 7.8%, girl:3.6%) 6.7% of middle school students have this view, while 3.7% of high school students have. 16.1% of students had an experience of smoking during the last one year (boy: 29.9%, girl: 8.6%): this shows that the rate of the boy students is more than 3 times greater than that of the girl students and high students who experienced smoking last year covers 20.2%, while middle school students shows 10.9%. 6) Actual conditions of students' smoking The present rate of students' smoking is 22.4% (boy:38.3%, girl:13.8%): the rate of boy students is greater than that of girl students. Students who smoke more than pack of cigarettes a day cover 8.2% (boy: 17.5%, girl: 3.2%): 5.2% of middle school students (boy:11.4%, girl: 2.1%) smoke more than one pack while 10.7% of high school students do (boy:21.5%, girl: 4.2%). This shows that the rate of boy students' smoking is greater than that of girl students' smoking. 7) The rate of smoking of students' parents 75.4% of fathers (city: 74.5%, agricultural area:75.9%) smoke: and more than a half (62.4%) smoke more than a pack cigarettes a day. On the other hand, the rate of smoking mothers is 5.2%(city: 4.3%, agricultural area: 7.3%): the rate is higher in agricultural areas. 8) Opinions of smoking population in the future 61.4% of students answered that smoking population will increase, while 27.0% have the opinion that smoking population will decrease. 2. Opinions of the effects of smoking on health 1) Have you heard that smokers are likely to suffer from tuberclosis? 78.3% of students said yes (boy: 80.8%, girl: 76.4%): it is shown that the rate of boys is greater than that of girls. 2) Have you heard that smokers are likely to get out of endurance? 76.6% of students (boy: 69.3%, girl: 49.7%) answered yes: it is shown that the rate of boys is greater than that of girls. 3) Have you heard that heart-beats get fast when one smokes? 32.5% of students (boy: 35.5%, girl: 30.9%) answered yes: 32.2% in cities(boy: 33.0%, girl: 31.8%) and 33.5% in agricultural areas(boy: 41.8%, girl: 28.8%): and 28.7% middle students and 35.5% of high school students answered yes. 4) Have you heard that smokers are likely to have heart-diseases? 35.1% of students (boy: 34.0%, girl: 34.1%) answered yes: 35.3% in cities (boy: 37.2%, girl: 34.2%) and 36.7% in agricultural areas (boy: 39.0%, girl: 33.9%): 34.8% of middle school students and 35.4% of high school students. 5) Have you heard that smokers are likely to have a lung cancer? 91.4% of students (boy: 93.2%, girl: 89.9%) answered yes: 90.35% in cities and 94.2% in agricultural areas. 6) Have you heard that the life of smokers gets shorter? 94.3% of students (boy:94.6%, girl: 92.2%) answered yes. 7) Have you heard that pregnant smokers will deliver a baby with low birth weight? 29.6% of students (boy: 29.8%, girl: 29.4%) answered yes: the rates of boys and girls almost the same. 8) Have you heard that one feels calm when one smokes? 80.1% of students (boy: 81.8%, girl: 79.2%) answered yes: boys and girls showed almost the same rate. 3. Preventive measures Smoking people continued to increase all over the world because smoking not only mitigated emotional uneasiness such as loneliness, nervousness and so on, but also could be very helpful from the social perspective. This was so because they did not consider harmful effects of smoking on health, and victims. However, because any -one can have physical disorders caused by smoking, people should always keep in mind the following preventive measures. 1) Doctors or teachers should set an example of giving up smoking. Informing patients or students of harmful effects of smoking to persuade their family and relatives not to smoke. 2) Through mass media like newspapers, periodicals or broadcasting, to make people know harmful effects of smoking and not smoke. 3) To prohibit selling teenagers cigarette by law. 4) To prohibit smoking in public places like work places, offices, lecture rooms, recreation rooms, buses, trains and so on. 5) To decrease the rate of life insurance for non-smokers as in foreign countries and to give a warming of the harmful effects on cigarette packets or ads.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.261-267
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• 2021

The enlightenment project raised in both Korea and China during the modern period worked as a part of the patriotic enlightenment movement against the imperial powers. Among them, "boy" appeared as the subject of enlightenment, and "sea" appeared as a medium. Specifically, through "Boy Discourse," Liang Qi Chao ultimately envisioned a nation for "subjects", and Choi Nam-seon also seeked to overcome the national crisis as "New Korea" and join the ranks of powerful nations. Liang Qiqiao proposes the concept of a "Boy Nation" and an "Old Nation" through boy discourse, and wishing for the development of the "Boy Nation" through "proficiency training". Choi Nam-seon also recognized that the future of the nation depends on "boys", influenced by Liang Qi-qiao's discourse on boys, and argues that Choseon should cultivate skills to become a "Boy Nation". In addition, Liang Qi-chao and Choi Nam-seon actively spread the "boy discourse" through the creation of poetry. Liang Qi Chao introduced the world's geography and history through poetries related to the sea, while at the same time inspiring a sense of challenge to recognize and pioneer the sea as a pathway that connects the world in a broad sense. Namseon Choi also created a poem that directly linked "the sea" and the "boy" to promote the "adventure at sea" and "the progressive spirit of the sea and the boy".

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.207-221
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• 2008

This study examined different individual, family factors and classroom environment that affect children's perceived competency. For an analysis, achievement motivation, intrinsic locus of control and anxiety were included in individual variables. For family factors, parental support and marital conflict were examined. For classroom psycho-social environment, teacher support, peer relations, classroom involvement and teacher control were used. The sample consisted of 565 fifth and sixth grade children. Statistics and methods used for the data analysis were Cronbach's alpha, Factor analysis, frequency, percentage, t-test, Pearson's correlation, and Hierarchical Regression. Several major results were found from the analysis. First, boy's perceived academic competency was higher than girl's. And no sex difference was in children's social and athletic competency. Second, boy's and girl's perceived academic and social competency and boy's perceived athletic competency had a positive correlation with achievement motivation, intrinsic locus of control, parental support, teacher support, peer relations and classroom involvement. And girl's perceived athletic competency had a positive correlation with achievement motivation, intrinsic locus of control, parental support and peer relations. But boy's and girl's perceived academic and social competency and boy's perceived athletic competency had a negative correlation with anxiety and parental marital conflict. Third, the most important variable predicting boy's and girl's perceived academic competency was achievement motivation. The most important variable predicting boy's and girl's perceived social competency was peer relations. And the most important variable predicting boy's perceived athletic competency was peer relations. On the other hand, the most important variable predicting girl's perceived athletic competency was father's support.

• Sim-seong Yeon-gu
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.122-168
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• 2017

I tried to understand a folk tale "The half-boy" in terms of analytical psychology. In the story, a lady without children prayed to the Buddha. The white old man came and gave three fishes, but the cat ate half of it. So, she ate two and a half. She gave birth to two perfect sons. The third son had one arm, one leg, and one eye. They grew well. Brothers went to take the civil service examinations, and the half-boy followed. But two brothers did not like the half-boy coming along. So, brothers tied the half-boy to the rocks and trees, and he picked them up with force and gave them down to the yard of the house. And the half-boy followed his brothers again, and brothers tied him with kudzu and put him in front of the tiger. The half-boy won the tiger by betting with cutting kudzu. The half-boy stripped off the tiger's skin. The host coveted the tiger skin and they played with janggi. The half-boy won the game and was permitted to take host's daughter. The half-boy went with a string, a drum, a flea, and a bedbug. He teased host's people with these. The half-boy brought a virgin and lived well. "The Half-Boy" folktale is an old story spread throughout the country. There are similar stories in India and Africa. Unilateral figures are universally distributed archetypal images. In numerous cultures gods and spirits are being portrayed as unilateral figures. In the creation mythology, half-figure beings have immortality. In Indonesian and African folk tales, the half-born boy goes to heaven and merges with its half and becomes perfect. Some of one-sided spirits are harmful to humans but some of one-sided birds, chickens, and spirits are helpful to people. Sometimes half being is a cultural hero who steals grain from heaven or gets some advice how to use bamboo. There are stories that half body becomes a whole body afterwards. But in this folktale and most of the similar folktales, half-figure does not change and maintains half-figure to the end. And as a half-figure he does various great things and marries a virgin. The half-boy symbolizes a psychic experience born in the unconscious. The unconscious contents may seem strange and weird at first and the collective consciousness does not want to accept them. But the unconscious exerts greater power and brings vitality and creativity to consciousness. This folk tale seems to have compensated for the stubborn collective consciousness of our society, which was a Confucian class society. It also allows people to change their attitude toward disabled people and recognize strengths and creativity of the handicapped.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.71-84
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate food habits of boy students and to know the difference in food habits between boy and girl students. A previous study had been conducted to girl students in 1998 and this study was carried to boy students in Oct. 2000 using the questionnaires. The subjects were 783 boy students in middle school, high school and university students living in Jeonbuk region. The average score of food habits was $4.09{\pm}1.72$ out of a possible 10(middle school students were $4.96{\pm}1.85$, high school students were $4.17{\pm}1.61$ and university students were $3.15{\pm}1.70$). The average is similar $4.11{\pm}1.63$ to girl students in 1998. The correlation coefficient between the score of food habits and standard of living, present residence, taking nutritional supplements, and sort of school was positive. As a staple food, cooked rice was preferred 95.9% of subjects and this result is similar to girl students of previous study. The most preferred side-dishes was different between girl and boy students. Boy students liked stew the best, but girl students liked Kimchi the best. The most preferred snacks was fruits and fruit juice. The portion of eating cooked rice in boy students (87.8%) was decreased than girl students(90.6%) at breakfast. The main meal to have soup & stew was supper and the most delicious meal was also supper, but primary meal skipped was breakfast. The reasons for skipping breakfast were lack of time(38.7%) and no appetite(17.6%), skipping lunch was missing a time to eat(8.4%), and skipping supper was no appetite(10.5%). Substitution food on no preparation of lunch basket was difference between middle and high school students and university students. Middle and high school students ate noodles and university student ate cooked rice. The preference of snack was that chicken(20.3%) was the best. The time of eating snacks was that anytime(38.6%) was the first, after supper(13.7%) was next. In order to improve the nutritional status of boy students, they must establish good food habits by eating three regular meals per day and balancing their diet. Especially university student must build their regular life style, so they would have three regular meals.