• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.316-322
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• 2018

Purpose: The Glycyrrhiza uralensis species (Leguminosae) as a medicinal biocompound, and one of its root components, isoliquritigenin (ISL), which is a flavonoid, has been reported to have anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo. However, its function in bone formation has not been studied yet. In this study, we tested the effect of Glycyrrhiza uralensis (ErLR) and baked Glycyrrhiza uralensis (EdLR) extracts on osteoblast proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and bone-related gene expression in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Methods: MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in various levels of ErLR (0, 5, 10, 15, $20{\mu}g/mL$), EdLR (0, 5, 10, 15, $20{\mu}g/mL$), or ISL (0, 5, 10, 15, $20{\mu}M$) in time sequences (1, 5, and 20 days). Also, isoliquritigenin (ISL) was tested for comparison to those two biocompound extracts. Results: MTT assay results showed that all three compounds (ErLR, EdLR, and ISL) increased osteoblastic-cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner for one day. In addition, both ErLR and EdLR compounds elevated the osteoblast proliferation for 5 or 20 days. Extracellular ALP activity was also increased as ErLR, EdLR, and ISL concentration increased at 20 days, which implies the positive effect of Glycyrrhiza species on osteoblast mineralization. The bone-related marker mRNAs were upregulated in the ErLR-treated osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells for 20 days. Bone-specific transcription factor Runx2 gene expression was also elevated in the ErLR- and EdLR-treated osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells for 20 days. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that Glycyrrhiza uralensis extracts may be useful for preventing osteoporosis by increasing cell proliferation, ALP activity, and bone-marker gene expression in osteoblastic cells.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.375-386
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• 2011

Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PMR), a dried root tuber of Polygonum multiflorum Thunberg with bioactivities in bone metabolism is one of the most famous tonic traditional medicines. To observe in vivo anti-osteoporotic efficacy of PMR extracts, we orally administered once a day for 28 days (Qd ${\times}$ 28) to bilateral ovariectomized (OVX)-induced osteoporosis ddY mice after 1 week of recovery periods at 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg (of body weight). A positive control drug, Alendronate (FOSA) 10 mg/kg-dosing group was added. As results of OVX-induced osteoporotic process, estrogen-deficient osteoporotic changes were also dramatically decreased in all PMR extracts-dosing groups. Especially middle dosage of PMR extracts, 250 mg/kg constantly and significantly (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05) inhibited the loss of bone strength and bone quality. Based on the results, it was concluded that PMR extracts (125, 250 or 500 mg/kg; orally dosing) has relatively good favorable effect to prevention and/or treatment of OVX-induced osteoporosis. Therefore, although the efficacy was slighter than that of Alendronate on the inhibition of bone loss, it is expected that PMR extracts will be promising as a new anti-osteoporotic agents for prevent the fracture induced in osteoporotic patients because natural herbal medicine origin PMR extracts will be dose not show serious side effects especially the problem in upper alimentary irritation by bisphosphonate and hypercalcaemia of parathyroid hormone analogs.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.860-865
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• 2009

Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing multinucleated cells derived from the monocyte/macrophage lineage. The differentiation of osteoclasts are regulated by osteoblastic cells expressed RANKL, which is the most critical molecule for osteoclast differentiation. In this study, we found that water extracts of cuscuta inhibited RANKL-mediated osteoclast differentiation by direct action on bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) without cytotoxicity. In BMMs, water extracts of cuscuta inhibited the mRNA expression of c-Fos, NFATc1, TRAP, and OSCAR. Also, the protein expression of c-Fos and NFATc1 was inhibited by water extracts of cuscuta treatement. Water extracts of cuscuta inhibited the phosphorylation of p38, ERK, and JNK in BMMs treated with RANKL. However, water extracts of cuscuta did not inhibit RANKL-induced I-${\kappa}B$ activation. Water extract of cuscuta failed to inhibit bone resorption by osteoclasts cultured on hydroxyapatite plates. These results suggest that cuscuta may be a promising drug for use against bone disorders such as osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.823-832
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• 2020

Background: The formation of a nanotube layer on a titanium nanotube (N-Ti) plate facilitates an active reaction between bone cells and the material surface via efficient delivery of the surface materials of the dental implant into the tissues. Studies have reported that Korean Red Ginseng extracts (KRGEs) are involved in a variety of pharmacological activities: we investigated whether implantation with a KRGE-loaded N-Ti miniimplant affects osteogenesis and osseointegration. Methods: KRGE-loaded nanotubes were constructed by fabrication on pure Ti via anodization, and MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured on the N-Ti. N-Ti implants were subsequently placed on a rat's edentulous mandibular site. New bone formation and bone mineral density were measured to analyze osteogenesis and osseointegration. Results: KRGE-loaded N-Ti significantly increased the proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells compared with cells on pure Ti without any KRGE loading. After 1-4 weeks, the periimplant tissue in the edentulous mandibular of the healed rat showed a remarkable increase in new bone formation and bone mineral density. In addition, high levels of the bone morphogenesis protein-2 and bone morphogenesis protein-7, besides collagen, were expressed in the periimplant tissues. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that KRGE-induced osteogenesis and osseointegration around the miniimplant may facilitate the clinical application of dental implants.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.15-25
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• 2004

Objective : We studied the effect of Bambusae concretio Silicea (BCS) on bone metabolism. Methods : At first, we treated PTH, 1,25(OH)₂D₃, mononuclear cell conditioned medium (MCM) and IL-1 to osteoblast cells derived from mouse calvarial bone explants in vitro, and then investigated the activities of collagenolysis and bone resorption factors. Results : BCS extracts have no cytotoxicities in concentrations of 1-150 ㎍/ml. BCS had protective activity against PTH (5 units/ml), MCM (5%, v/v), 1,25(OH)₂D₃ (20 ng/ml), IL-1α(2 ng/ml) and IL-1β, (1 ng/ml)-induced collagenolysis in the mouse calvarial cells. And, pretreatment of BCS for 1 hr significantly reduced the collagenolysis. Furthermore, it was much more expressed at 16 hrs after BCS (50 ㎍/ml)-pretreatment. And, BCS significantly protected against enhanced collagenolysis induced by IL-1α and IL-1β. Conclusion : BCS extracts inhibited the bone resorption in mouse calvarial bone cell;, thus BCS could be used clinically for bone diseases.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.37 no.4 s.147
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• pp.324-330
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Artemisia Princeps Var. Orientalis (AP) on serum lipids and the collagen content of the connective tissues in ovariectomized rats. From day 2 until day 37 after the ovariectomy, Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: sham-operated rats (Sham), ovariectomized control rats (OVX-control), and ovariectomized rats supplemented with the AP 50 mg/kg bw/day (OVX-AP). The AP ethanol extracts were orally administrated 1 mL per day. The OVX rats were significantly heavier than the sham-operated rats at all time points, but supplementation with the AP extracts tended to gain weight less than OVX-control. Although total-cholesterol was increased at OVX-control, supplementation with the AP extracts tended to result in less than OVX-control. Triglyceride was significantly decreased after supplemented with the AP extracts (p<0.05). HDL-cholesterol is appeared higher AP extracts group than OVX-control. According to the results, we could know the fact that AP extracts were effective on serum lipids content throughout decreasing total-cholesterol, triglyceride and increasing HDL-cholesterol in ovariectomized rats. Supplementation with the AP extracts prevented a decrease in the collagen level in bone and cartilage tissues. These results are consistent with the conclusions based on the estrogenic activities of AP. Therefore, it may be used to possibly improve the quality of life in menopausal women.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.83-94
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• 2005

Objectives : The present study attempted to reveal the effects of Morindae Radix extracts on the sciatic nerve neurectomized osteoporotic ddy mice model. Methods : Thickness of hind limbs and their differences, absolute and relative tibia weight and thickness, bone failure load, bone mineral density (BMD), histomorphometrical index, serum osteocalcin level, tibia calcium and phosphorus contents were monitored. Results : In sciatic neurectomized mice, thickness of hind limb, absolute and relative weights, thickness, failure loads, BMD of tibia, trabecular bone volume (TBV), thickness of trabecular bone and cortical bone thickness, length were significantly decreased. However, these changes of those dose-dependently reduced in MR extract-dosing group. Conclusions : it is considered that MR extracts have some favorable effect to prevent, the osteoporosis induced by sciatic neurectomy. However, the exact mechanism and the possibility of MR extract were remains unknown. In addition, the potential toxicity of these MR extracts were also unknown. So the further studies were needed about toxicological and pharmacological aspects.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.23-34
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• 2007

We performed the present study to investigate whether Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch (RG) extracts (RGX) and Eleutherococcus senticosus Max (ES) extracts (ESX) play any roles in bone metabolism. We examined cellular activities of bone cells by measurement of osteoblastic cell viability, osteoprotegerin (OPG) secretion from osteoblasts, osteoclastogenesis, and osteoclastic activity. There is no cytotoxicity from osteoblasts after treatment with RGX and ESX. The secretion of OPG from the osteoblasts showed marked increases after treatment with RGX and ESX. In addition, RGX and ESX treatment decreased the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells and the resorption areas. RGX and ESX, when mixed at optimal ratios, induced synergic effects, in vitro. OPB, which showed synergic effects, is the extract of natural ingredients RG and ES mixed at a raw material weight ratio of 4 : 1. It can be suspected that extracts of RG and ES mixtures contains active ingredients involved in bone tissue metabolism and may be effective in improving osteoporosis.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.322-329
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• 2015

The effects of water extracts of Gallus gallus var. domesticus (Yeonsan ogolgye, GD) on the activities of osteoblast differentiation and the restraint of osteoclast formation were investigated. The water extract of GD in the human osteoblast "MG-63" cell, was examined in relation to alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and alizarin red stains. In order to observe the effects of osteoclasts formation, we analyzed RAW 264.7 cell tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity and TRAP stains. The ALP activity of the water extract of hen and cock flesh (3 years) were 133.8% and 129.6%, respectively. The ALP activity of flesh extracts was also higher than that of the skin extracts. Concerning the effects of age, the 3 years old flesh extracts had a higher activity than that of the one year old extracts. However the activity of the 3 years old skin extracts was lower than that of the one year old extracts. For gender conditions, the ALP activity of the hen extract was higher than that of the cock. The degree bone mineralization in the three years old hen flesh exhibited the highest rate, at 124.3%, amongst all the groups. The TRAP activity of the flesh extracts of the three years old cock revealed the lowest rate, at 31.8%, compared to the control. Our results demonstrate that the water extract of GD increases bone mineralization and osteoblast differentiation activity in MG-63 cells and enhances the inhibitory activity of bone-resorption in RAW 264.7 cells. In conclusion, the water extracts of GD seem to be effective in the prevention and treatment of bone related disorders.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.1145-1153
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• 2009

The object of this study was to obtain acute information single oral dose toxicity of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts, with mouse bone marrow cell micronucleus test for detecting possible genotoxicity. In order to observe the 50% lethal dose, approximate lethal dosage, maximum tolerance dosage and target organs, test articles were once orally administered to ICR mice at dose levels of 2000, 1000, 50 mg/kg according to the recommendation of KFDA Guidelines. The mortality and changes on body weight, clinical signs and gross observation were monitored during 14 days after dosing according to KFDA Guidelines with organ weights of 12 types of principle organs. In addition, after twice oral treatment of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts 2000, 1000 and 500 mg/kg, we checked the changes on the number of MNPCE. We could not find any mortality, clinical signs, changes in the body weight and gross findings upto 2000 mg/kg treated group. The limited dosages in rodents except for increases of lymphoid organ weights and hypertrophy encounted as results from pharmacological effects of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts, immune modulator effects with some sporadic accidental findings not toxicological signs. No evidence of increases of MNPCE numbers were also detected in all three different dosages of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts treated mice. The results obtained in this study suggest that the LD50 and ALD of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts in mice were considered as over 2000 mg/kg because no mortalities were detected upto 2000 mg/kg that was the highest dose recommended by KFDA and OECD. And the results of mouse bone marrow micronucleus test of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts is negative results.