• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.114-133
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• 1998

In order to investigate the effects of Alcohol-Steamed Rhei Rhizoma and Row Rhei Rhizoma on varied extract time in both endotoxin-induced blood stasis model(hereafter Endotoxin Model) and hydrocortisone acetate-induced blood stasis model (hereafter HA Model), Half of rats were treated with endotoxin(0.4mg/kg, single Ⅳ, into caudal vein) for Endotoxin Model. Thereafter, they were orally administrated water extract of Alcohol-Steamed Rhei Rhizoma or Row Rhei Rhizoma, which were boiled during 30, 60, 120 minute, respectively. Finally, the number of platelet, fibrinogen, prothrombin time, hematocrit, the number of RBC and WBC were measured after sacrifice. The remainder rats were treated with hydrocortisone acetate(10mg/kg, daily IM for 7 days into the muscular rump) for HA significantly decreased. Together, they were orally administrated for 7 days water extract of Alcohol-Steamed Rhei Rhizoma or Row Rhei Rhizoma that were boiled above methods Finally, the number of platelet, fibrinogen, prothrombin time, hematocrit, the number of RBC and WBC were measured after sacrifice. The results were summarized as follows : 1. The number of platelet was significantly increased in boiled water extract for 30 min of Row Rhei Rhizoma group as compared with that of control group in Endotoxin Model. 2. Fibrinogen level was significantly increased in all administration groups as compared with that of control group in Endotoxin Model. It was significantly increased in all administration groups except boiled water extract for 30 min of Alcohol-Steamed Rhei Rhizoma group as compared with that of control group in HA Model. 3. Prothrombin time was significantly shortened in boiled water extract for 60 min of Alcohol-Steamed Rhei Rhizoma group and boiled water extract for 120 min of Alcohol-Steamed Rhei Rhizoma group as compared with that of control group in Endotoxin Model It was significantly shortened all administration groups as compared with that of control group in HA Model. 4 Hematocrit was significantly increased in all administered groups except boiled water extract for 60 min of Alcohol-Steamed Rhei Rhizoma group and boiled water extract for 30 min of Row Rhei Rhizoma group as compared with that of control group in Endotoxin Model. It was significantly increased in all administration groups as compared with that of control group in HA Model. 5. The number of RBC was significantly decreased in boiled water extract for 60 min of Alcohol-Steamed Rhei Rhizoma group, boiled water extract for 120 min of Alcohol -Steamed Rhei Rhizoma group and boiled water extract for 30 min of Row Rhei Rhizoma administered group in Endotoxin Model. It was significantly increased boiled water extract for 30 min of Row Rhei Rhizoma group and boiled water extract for 60 min of Row Rhei Rhizoma group in HA Model as compared with data of control group. 6 The number of WBC was significantly decreased in all administered groups except boiled water extract for 30 min of Alcohol-Steamed Rhei Rhizoma group and boiled water extract for 60 min of Alcohol-Steamed Rhei Rhizoma group as compared with that of control group in HA Model.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.880-886
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• 1995

Antimutagenic effects of boiled water extract and tannin from persimmon leaves were studied by using Ames test, spore rec assay and SOS chromotest. Strong antimutagenic activities toward aflatoxin B1(AFB1), dimethyl-aminobiphenyl(DMAB), N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide(4-NQO) were observed when boiled water extract and tannin from the persimmon leaves were added in the Salmonella typhimurium TA 100. In spore rec assay using Bacillus subtilis H17($rec^{+}$) and M45($rec^{-}$), boiled water extract and tannin from the persimmon leaves considerably inhibited the mutagenesis induce by MNNG. In SOS chromotest using Escherichia coli PQ37, these samples also exhibited strong antimutagenic activity toward 4-NQO. The tannin was more effective than boiled water extract of persimmon leaves in the antimutagenicity tests.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.60-66
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of bone boiling duration on bovine bone extract supplement quality in terms of growth performance, leg bone length, and blood profile in broilers. A total of twenty ROSS 308 broilers (initial BW of $970{\pm}50g$) were randomly divided into the following 4 treatment groups: CON (basal water), T1 (1 : 1 ratio water to bone extract boiled for six hours), T2 (1 : 1 ratio water to bone extract boiled for 12 hours), and T3 (1 : 1 ratio water to bone extract boiled for 24 hours). The broilers were allowed free access to the source of fluid or diets. Average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and feed efficiency showed no significant differences among treatments during this experiment. However, broilers fed bone extract boiled for six hours showed a tendency for increased ADG to other treatments (p < 0.17). No significant differences were observed in organ weights (liver, spleen, bursa of fabricius) or blood profiles among the treatments during the experiment, but broilers fed bone extract boiled for six hours showed a tendency for decreased cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL compared to the control diet. In the case of leg bone length, there were significant difference (p < 0.05) on tibia and femur among treatments. It was concluded that the six hour-boiled bone extract supplementation had beneficial effects on growth performance and blood profile of broilers.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.153-158
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• 2000

This experiment was performed to investigate effects of boiled-water extract of artemisia on the important oral microflora, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans, and to examine the difference of antimicrobial effects according to concentration of extract. The bacteria was cultured in broth media containing 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0% of artemisia extract, and sterile distilled water respectively. After harvesting the culture, the genomic DNA of each aliquot was extracted and DNA concentration was relatively compared by means of agarose gel electrophoresis. As a result, we found out that the boiled-water extract of artemisia had significant antimicrobial effects on Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans and its antimicrobial effects was increased in proportion to its concentration.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.687-693
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• 2017

This research analyzed cell survival rate according to antioxidative effect and cytotoxicity using Sasa quelpaertensis and Ethanol extracts. Sasa quelpaertensis used extracts of $95^{\circ}C$ boiled-water extract and 70% ethanol liquid each. For total polyphenol content, tannin content, and flavonoid content, polyphenol content of $95^{\circ}C$ boiled-water extract was 26.6 mg/g while that of 70% ethanol extract liquid was 22.3 mg/g, which means polyphenol content was higher in $95^{\circ}C$ boiled-water extract. Tannin content was 72.1 mg/g in $95^{\circ}C$ boiled-water extract which was higher than 61.2 mg/g in 70% ethanol extract liquid. Total flavonoid content was higher in 70% ethanol extract liquid (25.4 mg/g) than in $95^{\circ}C$ boiled-water extract (17.8 mg/g). Further, the researcher measured DPPH radical elimination and ABTS radical elimination. As a result, as the concentration of each extract increased, DPPH radical elimination and ABTS radical elimination increased. In the DPPH radical elimination, L-ascorbic acid was eliminated at 500 ppm and showed no change even though the concentration increased, whereas it increased in BHT and Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extracts according to concentration. ABTS radical elimination indicated the similar phenomenon, whereas BHT showed maximum elimination at 500 ppm and decreased gradually as the concentration increased. On the other hand, it gradually increased in Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract and showed 90% elimination at 10,000 pm, and it increased in $95^{\circ}C$ boiled-water extract. Using human skin fibroblasts (3T3) to check the cell survival rate of Sasa quelpaertensis leaves showed that cell survival rate decreased between 85.6 and 66.6% in $95^{\circ}C$ boiled-water extract. The cell survival rate was between 95.4 and 92.1% when using 70% ethanol extracts. Sasa quelpaertensis has efficacy as a natural antioxidant as well as a material hyangjang.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.774-783
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• 2013

This study investigated the quality characteristics of boiled pork with different amounts (0.5, 1, 1.5, or 2%) of green tea, oolong tea and black tea extracts. Characteristics measured included approximate composition, water holding capacity (WHC), hardness, pH, Hunter's color value, total aerobic bacterial counts, volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and sensory qualities. Green tea approximately contained 3.4%, 31.8%, 5.5%, and 57.7% of moisture, crude protein, crude ash, and carbohydrate, respectively. There were no significant differences with the type of tea. However, the crude fat content of green tea, oolong tea, and black tea were 1.6%, 1.0%, and 0.9%, respectively. Green tea had the highest content of crude fat (p<0.05). Boiled pork approximately contained 55.1%, 38.6%, 5.2% and 0.9% moisture, crude protein, crude fat and crude ash, respectively. The WHC of boiled pork, with tea extract added, significantly increased and there were no significant differences according to the type of tea. The hardness of boiled pork significantly increased as the amount of tea extract added increased (p<0.05). The pH of the boiled pork was not significantly different after storage for one day, but significantly decreased in control groups and boiled pork with 0.5% of any tea extract added during storage. However, in boiled pork with 1%, 1.5%, or 2% of any tea extract added, pH was not significantly different during storage. The Hunter's L and b values decreased in all boiled pork. The Hunter's a-values also decreased in boiled pork with green and black tea extract added, but increased in boiled pork with oolong tea extract added. In boiled pork with tea extract added, total aerobic bacterial counts significantly decreased as the amount of tea extract added increased during storage (p<0.05). The VBN values significantly increased during storage in all groups. TBARS values were significantly lower in boiled pork with green tea extract added, oolong tea added (at concentrations of 1%, 1.5%, or 2%), and black tea extract added compared to control groups on the first day. The sensory evaluation results showed that the color, flavor, and overall acceptance of boiled pork containing 1% of oolong or black tea extracts had the highest scores but there were no significant differences. However, taste scores were significantly different (p<0.05). These results indicate that boiled pork has improved quality characteristics with 1% of oolong or black tea extracts added.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.224-229
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• 2001

We investigated the effects of bean sprouts (Glycine max), dropwort (Oenanthe javanica), and radish (Raphanus sativus var. hortensis for. acanthiformis) extracts on alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). The extracts from three kinds of vegetables were prepared by extracting with boiling water, distilling water, and ethyl alcohol. Among extracts, boiling water extract showed the highest activating effect on ADH, respectively and distilled water extract had a greater effect on ADH activation than that of alcohol extract. The ADH facilitating effect of bean sprout extract by distilled water was significantly higher than dropwort or radish, hut the effect of the bean sprout extract by ethyl alcohol was lower than others. The facilitating effect on ADH of mixture extracts of bean sprout and dropwort were mixed at 1 : 1 mixture of boiled-water extract showed the highest effectiveness. And bean sprout extract separated below 3000 molecular weight (MW) range of extract fraction had greater ADH activity than large MW parts.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.202-206
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• 2005

Boiled-water extract (BWE) of Hizikia fusiformis has antioxidant effects. To investigate antioxidant effects of BWE, 1,1-dephenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) methods were used. BWE exhibited strong radical-scavenging activity (87.3% at final conc. $2000\;{\mu}g$ BWE/ml in an assay mixture) on DPPH and good inhibitory activity (64% at final conc. $1000\;{\mu}g$ BWE/ml in an assay mixture) on lipid peroxidation. Raw 264.7 cells treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) showed 26.7-fold increase in nitric oxide (NO) ($48.9\;{\mu}M$) compared with control group ($1.83\;{\mu}M$). When treated with BWE and LPS, NO production was inhibited by BWE dose-dependently.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.49-59
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• 2019

Objective : We searched and collected the various ways of taking medicine in Naegyeong, Dongeuibogam and studied the possibilities to apply the traditional ways of taking medicine to the current way of taking medicine. Method : We collected all the ways of taking medicine in Naegyeong and classified the ways according to the relative importance, urgency, pathosis, time of disease, and, the conditions of patients. Result : Medicinal forms are decoction, pills, trituration, and thin porridge. Various kinds of water and the prepared rice forms were used. A single herb was boiled and its water was used to take the medicine. Also, liquor and honey were used to take medicine. More than two herbs or special prescriptions were boiled and the extract water was taken. The same medicine was taken by different boiled water according to the condition and age of a patient, time, acute or chronic illness, and, severe or mild disease. Conclusion : There are a lot of pills and trituration prescriptions in Naegyeong, Dongeuibogam. Water, various rice preparations, and several herbs are used to take these prescriptions. The reason is that these ways of taking medicine promote the medicinal effect and fast treatment to maximize the medicinal effects. From now on, the in-depth and mutilple studies are needed based on this research.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.84-87
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• 2008

In this research, we screened for glucosyltransferase (GTase) inhibitors that effectively prevent the dental caries from 420 kinds of boiled water extracts of herbs and wild plants and searched for GTase inhibitory activities. Among them, 13 kinds of hot water extracts had high GTase inhibitory activities and especially, we focused on Foeniculum vulgare which showed the highest inhibitory activity on GTase. The boiled water extract of F. vulgare was stable at high temperature and showed as a mixed type of competitive and uncompetitive inhibition kinetic behavior. It did not have antibacterial effect on Streptococcus mutans and had inhibitory activity on GTase. Specially, in the clinical trial, the group treated by boiled water extract of F. vulgare showed more decrease of plague index at 4.8 point than untreated group. These results suggested that boiled water extract of F. vulgare can effectively suppress the plague formation as it inhibits the GTase activity.