• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.75
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• pp.35-39
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• 2006

There was known as Wetlands that the area was covered with the water. There are three conditions that is hydrology, soil, vegetation in the study of wetlands. The terminology are swamps, marshes, bogs, fens etc in foreign land. In Korea, there are many names for example mot. sotacji, noup, soubwon, soubji etc. But it should be defined the terminology of wetlands on the interpretation of foreign terminology or the unification of wetlands study inland.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to suggest the optimized transfer algorithm of earthwork considering the precluded area such as the lake, bogs. The earthwork transfer plan in massive cutting and banking should be established because of affecting the construction cost highly. Until now, there was the study about the optimized earthwork transfer model considering the OR(Operating Research). but isn't the study about the model considering the precluded area such as the lake, bogs. In most cases, the engineer adjusts the earthwork transfer path considering the precluded area, manually. The presented model suggests to calculate various visibility paths with $A^*$algorithm after converting the precluded area to polygon topology. By using this paths, the minimum cost path to optimize the earthwork transfer can be obtained. In this study, the validity of the model was proved as implementing the system for the optimized earthwork transfer considering the precluded area.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.629-636
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• 2015

The samples were collected at lowland swamps, reservoirs, mountainous wetlands, and sphagnum bogs from 2012 to 2014. The followings were newly recorded in Korea: two species, three varieties, and one form, including six taxa of the genus Cosmarium. The newly recorded Korean species were Cosmarium bioculatum var. hians, C. bireme, C. pseudobiremum, C. nitidulum var. pseudorectangulare, C. trilobulatum f. retusum, and C. trilobulatum var. depressum. The flora of the genus Cosmarium contains 303 taxa in total in Korea. The specimens were cultured and deposited on the algal culture collection of Kyonggi University (ACKU) and National Institute of Botanical Resources (NIBR).

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.175-207
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• 1987

A taxonomic Study was carried out on the freshwater cladocerans from Korea during the period from August 1985 to May 1987. Materials consist of both the specimens deposited at Department of Zoology, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University and those collected at the freshwater regions such as rivers, lakes, ponds, bogs, rice fields, etc. During the period. As a result of examining the speciemens collected at the 123 locations in South Korea, 31 species of 7 families were identified and classified. In this paper, the authors submit the figures of the 31 species, of which the following 13 species were descirbed as hitherto unrecorded species in Korea : Diaphanosoma Leuchtenbergianum Fisher, 1858 : Simocephalus vetulus 9O.F.Mller, 1776) ; S. esxpinosus (koch, 1841); Ceriodaphnia reticulata (Jurine, 1820) ; Scapholeberis mucronata (O.F. Mller, 1785) ; Moina weismanni Ishikawa, 1896 : Ilyocryptus agilis Kurz, 1878 ; Biapertura affinis (Leydig, 1860) : Camptocercus rectirostris Schodler, 1862 ; alona costata Sars, 1862 ; Disparalona rostrata (Koch, 1841); Pseudochydorus globosus (Barird, 1843) ; Leptodora kindtii(Focke, 1844)

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.20-24
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• 1970

In the moor of Mt. Dae-am, the following communities are seen in successive order ranging from the north to the south; the Sanguisorba Argutipens-Carex jaluensis community, the Carex jaluensis-Sanguisorba Argutipens-Sphagnum community, the Sphagnum cymbifolium-Carex jaluensis community, the Carex jaluensis-Sanguisorba Argutipens community and the Calamgrostis Langsdorfii-Ottelia alismoides community. The properties of the peats vary according to the community type, that is, nutrients such as organic matter, total nitrogen, exchangeable K and Mg in the soil tend to decrease as the plant communities shift from the north to the south. The pH range for eleven stations samples was 3.9 to 5.7, and the meadian is 4.6. The content of exchangeable Ca decreases from station to station successively towards the center which is poor in calcium. Presumably there appears to be a clear correlation of Sphagnum cymbifolium with the amount of exchangeable Ca and value of pH produced in bogs by the breakdown or organic residures. The nutrient content of the representative plants of the moor shows no definite relation with the station of their habitats.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.477-494
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• 2008

Stable isotope analyses on lake or wetland sediments are useful to reconstruct paleoclimate. Organic and inorganic carbonates obtained from lake sediment are isotopically analyzed to get oxygen and carbon isotopic ratios. Oxygen isotope ratios can be used to quantitatively and qualitatively reconstruct paleo-temperature or humidity while carbon isotope ratios be used to reveal environmental changes around the lake or human impacts on the area. Peat mosses in peat bogs are nice samples for the carbon isotope analysis, which derives paleo-temperature and paleo-atmospheric $CO_2$ changes. In coastal area, the reconstruction of past sea-level is possible because terrestrial originated organic matter is carbon isotopically different from marine originated organic matter. Also, scientists can do research on Asian Monsoon based on the fact that $\delta^{13}C$ of C3 plants and C4 plants are consistently different each other and that they are distributed differently with respect to salinity. In Korea, paleoenvironmental studies using stable isotopes are not popular yet because of low academic interests on the methodology and difficulties of obtaining proper sediment samples. Interesting results can be produced to answer paleoenvironmental questions of Korea if scientists isotopically analyze sediment cores from a paleo-lake such as Hanon in Jeju island, peat bogs such as Mujechi-Neup and Yong-Neup, and coastal wetlands.

• Mycobiology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.199-202
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• 2008

Inonotus obliquus is a fungus that causes white heart rot on several broad-leaved species. This fungus forms typical charcoal-black, sterile conks (chaga) or cinder conks on infected stems of the birche (Betula spp). The dark brown pulp of the sterile conk is formed by a pure mycelial mass of fungus. Chaga are a folk remedy in Russia, reflecting the circumboreal distribution of I. obliquus in boreal forest ecosystems on Betula spp. and in meridional mountain forests on beech (Fagus spp.) in Russia, Scandinavia, Central Europe, and Eastern Europe. Distribution at lower latitudes in Western and Southern Europe, Northern America, Asia, Japan, and Korea is rare. Infected trees grow for many years without several symptoms of decline. The infection can penetrate through stem injuries with exterior sterile conks developing later. In the Czech Republic, cinder conk is found on birches inhabiting peat bogs and in mountain areas with a colder and more humid climate, although it is widespread in other broad leaved species over the Czech Republic. The most common hosts are B. pendula, B. pubescens, B. carpatica, and F. sylvatica. Less frequent hosts include Acer campestre, Acer pseudoplatanus, Alnus glutinosa, Alnus incana, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus cerris, Q. petraea, Q. robur, Q. delachampii, and Ulmus sp.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.49-62
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• 1986

A taxonomic study was carried out on the freshwater copepods of Order Calanoida from Korean during the period from May, 1983 to November, 1984. Materials consist of both specimens deposited at the Department of Biology, Kangreung National University and the specimens collected from various freshwater regions (excluding the subterranean waters) such as rivers, lakes, ponds, bogs, ricefields, etc. during this period. As a result of examining the specimens collected at the 26 localities in South Korea, 8 species of 3 families were identified, of which 4 species are newly known from Korea ; Sinocalanus sinensis (Poppe, 1889) ; Tropodiaptomus oryzanus Kiefer , 1937 ; Sinodiaptomus sarsi (Rylov, 1923) ; Neodiaptomus schemackeri(Poppe et Richard, 1892).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.81-101
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• 2011

This study was conducted to understand the environmental and ecological function of habitat through evaluation of water environment, soil environment, vegetation characteristics, macro-invertebrate characteristics, and visual habits environment evaluation (SVAP) in Hongdong stream located in Hongseong-Gun, Chungnam Province, and hereafter to utilize the results for the habits reconstruction and improvement project. As the results of water quality analysis, BOD, COD, T-P was almost below the standard quality from upper stream to down stream. The construction of small reservoir, wetland and water purification facility, and the management of non-point pollution are proposed to improve these problems. The soil texture was sandy soil, which is unfitted with vegetation development. The construction of shallows and bogs, and induction of soil sedimentation and biotope formation are proposed to improve these problems. In the plant flora, total 90 kinds were observed with 81 species and nine varieties in total 36 families and 85 genera, and the naturalization rate was higher at down area than upper area. As the results of macro-invertebrate fauna survey, total 26 species and 297 individuals in 20 families and 22 genera were collected. Peltodytes sinensis, Chironomidae sp., and Culicidae sp., which are observed at polluted environment, were collected as dominant species. An appropriate vegetation management party idea is necessary, and it is done an idea in consideration of the soil and a physical characteristic. Visual habits environment evaluation (SVAP) result was mostly determined with below normal (Fair) grade. Pollution source interception, purification pond establishment, and various bog establishment are proposed to improve these problems. With the above results, the ecological environment was determined with bad condition, and the improvement of biotope was urgently needed through sustainable monitoring and management of streams habitat in rural area.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.22-30
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• 2020

Many areas of vegetation in the British uplands have reduced species diversity as a result of sheep overgrazing. It has been suggested that abandonment or re-wilding strategies might be used to reverse this. A likely first step would be the removal or reduction of grazing livestock from upland areas, with a presumption that this would lead to a recovery in species richness. However, we do not know if this would work, or the timescales involved. One of the important areas where more knowledge is needed is information on the size and composition of soil seedbanks as regeneration from zseed is a likely pathway of recovery. Here, we compared seedbanks in both grazed and ungrazed plots in five experiments at Moor House NNR in the northern Pennines; these sheep grazing exclusion experiments were started 52 and 63/64 years ago. Soil samples (n=10) were collected from both grazed and ungrazed plots in each experiment, and seed emergence counted in glasshouse trials. We detected only seeds of common species and very few dicotyledonous species. This suggests that the soil seedbank is unlikely to be a reliable source of the less common species for ecological restoration in these upland communities, suggesting an extinction debt. Therefore, seed addition and the creation of suitable safe-sites for germination may be needed in conjunction with grazing controls to allow the establishment of plants that will increase the species richness of the vegetation. However, this interventionist restoration approach remains to be tested.