• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.18 no.10
• /
• pp.1379-1382
• /
• 2005

High prolificacy in Garole sheep is due to existence of FecB mutation in an autosomal gene, bone morphogenetic protein receptor. The mutation enhances ovulation rate and in turn litter size in Garole sheep. Garole sires were crossed with non-prolific Malpura ewes with the aim to introduce prolificacy into Garole${\times}$Malpura (G${\times}$M) crosses through FecB introgression programme. In the present study, the effect of carrying booroola allele on litter size and live body weight was analyzed. The average litter size at birth was found to be 1.87 and 1.48 in the Garole and the G${\times}$M crosses, respectively. At weaning, 6-month, 9-month and 12-month of age, body weights were not affected by the presence of booroola allele (p>0.05); however, a significant effect (p<0.05) was found on body weight at birth in G${\times}$M crosses. In Garole sheep, no significant effect of FecB was observed on live weights in any age group. The interaction between the genetic group and the FecB genotype was also found to be non-significant.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.63 no.6
• /
• pp.1211-1222
• /
• 2021

Data of 651 lambs (68 Romanov, 49 Rahmani, 151 [♀1/2 Rahmani × ♂1/2 Romanov) and 383 (♀3/4 Rahmani and 1/4♂ Romanov]) were collected from Mehalet Mousa Farm, belonging to Animal Production Research Institute from the period of 2009 to 2016 to estimate phenotypic and genetic parameters. The traits studied were birth weight (BW), body weight at four week (BW4), body weight at eight weeks (BW8) and body weight at twelve weeks (BW12) or weaning weight. Least squares analysis of variance shows significance of the effects of breed groups, gender of lambs, birth type; month of birth and year of birth on all traits studied. Rahmani lambs had heavier BW, BW4, BW8 and BW12 while Romanov lambs had the lowest ones. The first generation (♀1/2 Rhamani × ♂1/2 Romanov) had heavier body weights than Romanov and the second generation (♀3/4 Rahmani × ♂1/4 Roamnov). Gender of lambs had highly significant effect on body weights. Males were significantly (p < 0.01) heavier than females for all traits studied. Least square means of BW, BW4, BW8 and BW12 for single lambs were 2.69, 10.43, 13.53 and 16.10 kg, respectively. Least square means of BW, BW4, BW8 and BW12 for twin lambs were 2.50, 9.37, 12.5 and 15.16 kg, respectively, while least square means of BW, BW4, BW8 and BW12 for triple lambs were 2.09, 7.86, 10.83 and 13.67 kg, respectively. Estimates of direct heritability measured by single trait animal model were 0.14, 0.23, 0.25 and 0.26 for BW, BW4, BW8 and BW12, respectively, and the corresponding measured by multi trait animal model were 0.17, 0.24, 0.32 and 0.36 for the same traits, respectively. All genetic and phenotypic correlations among different traits studied are positive and significant.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.59-73
• /
• 2014

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a type IV delayed hypersensitivity reaction that results from exposures and subsequent sensitization to an environmental chemical. Crataegus Pinnatifida (CP) is commonly used to improve spleen function, remove retention of food, and promote blood circulation. This study is designed to investigate the effects of CP on ACD induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in mice. In this experiment, the effects of CP on changes in body weights, ear and dorsum skin thicknesses, ear weights, clinical aspects on the dorsum skin, histopathological changes, spleen weights, cytokines were investigated. In addition, the effects on the proliferation rates of splenocytes were also investigated in vivo and vitro study. In results, CP spread (CPS) group and CP spread and administered (CPS+Adm) group showed decrease in spleen weights. In CPS+Adm group, dorsum skin thicknesses were decreased significantly compared to control group. CP treatment diminished erythema, desquamation and keratosis which were induced by repeated painting of DNCB. In histopathological observation, spongiosis and edema were diminished in CPS and CPS+Adm group. CP led to decrease in the proliferation rates of splenocytes in vivo and vitro. In conclusion, these data suggest that CP can decrease symptoms of ACD, so CP is useful to treat patient with ACD.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.128-162
• /
• 1996

Using Random Sampling, the authors measured the body heights and weights of 31,151 persons - 17,102 in males and 14,049 in females from metropolitan, urban and rural areas between 6 to over 80 year old - for the purpose of investigating the type and the actual condition of the Korean's growth and development. At first, on the basis of the results, the authors measured the growth and development, various kinds of physiques, nutritional index of the 6 to 20s age group. Second, the authors presented the standard body weight of males and females by their body height, who were in the end of their growth (20-29 age group). Third, the authors calculated and presented the normal adapted body weight of the age group who were over 30 age after the growth had been completed. Forth, the author presented the obesity rate of the adults over 20 years old by body mass index. Finally, the authors compared chronological change of the Koreans' body heights and body weights with the results of other researchers. 1. Body Measurement Rapid growth, in terms of body height, which is described by a straight line on a growth curve has been observed among males in the ages 6-13 and among females 6-14. That growth curve turned out to be slower among the people of higher ages by both sexes. The cross-over occurred in both sexes at 11-14. The highest growth rate for a year is at 13-16 for males and 11-13 for females. This indicates that females enter a rapidly growing stage 2 years earlier than males. 2. Various Physiques and Nutritional Index Rapid growth, in terms of Relative Body Weight Index, which is described by a straight line, has been observed among males in the ages 6-16 and females in the ages 6-14. The cross-over occurred in both sexes 12.5-14.5 age in the adolescencent period. Whereupon females outgrow males. The Roher Index displayed more good value in case of females than male and in the adolescent period, the level of fullness is lower than after the completion of development. The Kaup Indices of both sexes increase with age. The index is less than 2.0 for males in 6-14 age group and for females in 6-13 age group and with this, it appeared that development of horizontal axis to long axis is poor. The index is more than 2.0 after 15 age group in males and 14 age group in females and developmental state4 age group and for females in 6-13 age group and with this, it appeared that development of horizontal axis to long axis is poor. The index is more than 2.0 after 15 age group in males and 14 age group in females and developmental state Body Mass Index is less than 20 for males 6-14 age group and for females in 6-13 age group. In the case of the higher age group, that index maintains a normal state.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.40-60
• /
• 2012

Objectives: The object of this study was to observe antitumor, anticachexia and immunomodulatory effects of Shipyeukmiyeugi-eum(SYM) on human breast cancer cell, MCF-7, xenograft Balb/c nu-nu nude mice. Methods: Three different dosages of SYM-125, 250 and 500 mg/kg were orally administered once a day for 28 days from 11 days after tumor cell inoculation, and the changes on the body weights, tumor volume and weights, weights of spleen and popliteal lymph node and epididymal fat, serum IL-6 and IFN-${\gamma}$ levels, NK cell and peritoneal macrophage activities, splenic TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-10 contents were observed. In addition, histopathological observations of apoptotic cell, spleen, popliteal lymph node and cervical brown adipose were also detected. The results were compared with a potent cytotoxic estrogen receptor antagonist, Tamoxifen 20 mg/kg treated mice. Results: Tumor volumes and weights were decreased without cytotoxic effects on the both MCF-7 and MCF-10A cells as results of all three different dosages of SYM treatment. And weights of body, spleen, popliteal lymph node, epididymal fat, serum IFN-${\gamma}$, NK cell, peritoneal macrophage activities, splenic TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-10 contents were increased with decrease of serum IL-6. At histopathological observations, apoptotic tumor cells, spleen, popliteal lymph node and cervical brown adipose tissue were increased. That means tumor-related immunosuppress and cachexia were markedly inhibited by SYM treatment as compared with tumor-bearing mice. On the other hand, Tamoxifen showed marked cytotoxic effects against MCF-7 and MCF-10A, decreases of tumor volume and weights, and increases of apoptotic tumor cells and related decreases of tumor cell volumes, but tamoxifen markedly deteriorated the tumor-related immune-suppress and cachexia. Conclusions: The results obtained in this study suggest that SYM showed favorable anticancer effects and anticachexic effects on the MCF-7 cell xenograft through immunomodulatory effects. SYM did not induce any cytotoxic effects against both normal and cancer cells.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.123-128
• /
• 1983

Fifty of one day-old chicks of silky fowl were hatched at Dept. of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University and fifty of one day-old chicks of quails were hatched at Gim Hae, Gyung Nam. This experiment was investigated at 24 hours after incubation. Twee items investigated in this experiment were the live weights, the weights of head, eye-ball, brain, heart, liver, lung, kidney, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and yolk sac. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1, Average weights of body, head, eye-ball brain, heart, liver, lung, kidney, stomach, small intestine, large intesine and yolk sac of the quail chicks and standard errors were 6.54${\pm}$0.02g, 1.38${\pm}$0.l3g, 0.29${\pm}$0.004g, 0.24${\pm}$0.006g, 0.08${\pm}$0.002g, 0.21${\pm}$0.005g, 0.06${\pm}$0.002g, 0.05${\pm}$0. 002g, 0.46${\pm}$0.010g, 0.24${\pm}$0.008g, 0.10${\pm}$0.004g, and 0.28${\pm}$0.0l6g, respectively. 2. Average weights of body, head, eye-ball, brain, heart, liver, lung, kidney, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and yolk sac of the silky fowl chicks and standard errors were 26.60${\pm}$0.491g, 4.28${\pm}$0.071g, 0.64${\pm}$0.039g, 0.55${\pm}$0.025g, 0.21${\pm}$0.0l2g, 0.77${\pm}$0.030g, 0.13${\pm}$0.006g, 0.08${\pm}$0.006g, 1,53${\pm}$0.076g 0.73${\pm}$0.036g, 0.42${\pm}$0.031g, and 2.65${\pm}$0.297g, respectively. 3. The relative ratios of the organ weight versus body weight in guails were compared with those of the commercial chicks (Hibro, Hubbard, and Hisex) and silky fowls. It was noted that the relative weights of the brain and eye ball with respect to body weight were larger in case of quails (Table 3). The weights of heart, liver, lung, kidney, stomach and small intestine in silky fowl were smaller than those of commercial chicks and quail chicks. Other items were similar in weight to commercial chicks ana quail chicks.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.255-259
• /
• 2012

Objective: This study aims to investigate relationship between representative anthropometric dimensions and income levels for Korean from 1958 to 1989. The anthropometric dimensions include stature and body weight, and GNP per head was used as an index of income level. Background: Although anthropometric dimensions were affected by varying factors such as genetic, environmental and socioeconomic factors, most studies on anthropometry have focused on measurement methods, providing data and their characteristics. Method: Anthropometric data were retrieved from homepages of Korean Agency for Technology and Standards, and Ministry of Culture, Sports & Tourism, and GNPs per head by year from Korean Statistical Information Service. Results: During analysis period, statures and body weights for males and females increased by 6.4cm and 6.1cm, 10.7kg and 4.0kg, respectively. Infants' stature and body weight nearly linearly increased with GNPs per head. Anthropometric dimensions of stature and body weight were very positively correlated with GNPs per head. Conclusion: This study revealed that income levels significantly affect stature and body weight. Application: The results would be used as a valuable basic data when establishing government policies related to anthropometry.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.434-438
• /
• 2007

The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of onion (Allium cepa) skin extract (OSE) on pancreatic lipase (PL), the key enzyme of the digestion and absorption of dietary fat in the small intestine, and to evaluate its potential for the inhibition of body-weight gain. OSE inhibited PL with an $IC_{50}$ of 53.70 mg/mL, which means as potent as 0.07635% of the activity of orlistat. At 3 and 4 hr after administration of OSE, the plasma triacylglycerol concentration was significantly lower in the OSE-treated rats than control. Body-weight gain and parametrial adipose tissue weights were significantly lower in mice fed the high-fat diet (fat comprises 31% of total calories) with 5%(w/w) OSE than in control. The results suggest that OSE may be an effective nutraceutical for the inhibition of body-weight gain.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.43-50
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyze of the GRF (ground reaction force) parameters according to the change of positions and weights of bag during downward stairs between dominant and non-dominant in upper & lower limbs. To perform this study, participants were selected 9 healthy women (age: $21.40{\pm}0.94yrs$, height: $166.50{\pm}2.68cm$, body mass: $57.00{\pm}3.61kg$, BMI: $20.53{\pm}1.03kg/m^2$), divided into 2 carrying bag positions (dominant arm/R, non-dominant arm/L) and walked with 3 type of bag weights (0, 3, 5 kg) respectively. One force-plate was used to collect GRF (AMTI OR6-7) data at a sample rate of 1000 Hz. The variables analyzed were consisted of the medial-lateral GRF (Fx), anterior-posterior GRF (Fy), vertical GRF (Fz), impact loading rate and center of pressure (COPx, COPy, COP area, COPy posterior peak time) during downward stairs. 1) The Fx, Fy, Fz, COPx, and COP area of GRF were not statistically significant between dominant leg and non-dominant leg, but non-dominant leg, that is, showed the higher COPy, and showed higher impact loading rate than that dominant leg during downward stairs. 2) In bag wearing to non-dominant arm, Fx, Fz, COPx, COPy, impact loading rate and COP area showed increase tendency according to increase of bag weights. Also, against bag wearing to dominant arm, non-dominant showed different mechanism according to increase of bag weights. The Ground Reaction Force parameters showed different characteristics according to the positions and weights of bag during downward stairs between dominant and non-dominant arm.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.189-195
• /
• 2003

The protective effects of BNs-3 and BNs-7, extracts of citrous orange peel, on the obesity induced by ad libitum feeding a cholesterol-containing diet to rats were investigated. The animals were fed on the diet including cholesterol (0.5%) with or without the citrous orange peel extracts BNs-3 (5%) and/or BNs-7 (0.1%) for 8 weeks. The ad libitum feeding a diet containing cholesterol to rats from 6 weeks of age increased the body weight gain compared with that of rats fed on a normal diet. Such an increase in body weights was markedly attenuated by the addition of BNs-3 or BNs-7 to the diet. Especially, a combinational feeding on BNs-3 and BNs-7 significantly reduced the body weight gain below that of normal diet-fed animals. Interestingly, the weights of abdominal adipose tis-sues surrounding epididymides were greatly reduced by the citrous orange peel extracts, in parallel with the decrease in body weights. In addition, blood concentrations of lipids including cholesterol were also lowered by the combinational treatment with BNs-3 and BNs-7. Taken together, it is suggested that the obesity and overweight produced by unrestricted overfeeding on diet with cholesterol may be partially due to the accumulation of abdominal adipose tissues, around the epididymides in rats, and that citrous orange peel extracts might exert antiobese activities by reducing the adipose tis-sues as well as blood lipid concentrations.