• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.1231-1236
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• 2012

Exercise leads to the release of certain neurotransmitters in the brain that alleviate pain, both physical and mental. The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of combined exercise on body composition, blood lipids, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in overweight and obese adolescents. The subjects of this study were 18 boys who were divided into a combined exercise group (EG: n=9) and a control group (CG: n=9). The combined exercise program required exercise 50-60 minutes per day, three times a week, for 12 weeks. The results of the comparative analysis are as follows: The between-group comparison of the difference in the means before and after the intervention revealed a significant decrease in the EG compared with the CG: weight (p<0.01), BMI (p<0.05), %fat (p<0.05), fat mass (p<0.01). The %LBM of the EG showed a more significant increase (p<0.05) compared with the CG. The TC, LDL-C, and BDNF were not different between the EG and the CG. However, the TC and the LDL-C were decreased more in the EG than in the CG. The BDNF was increased more in the EG than in the CG. In conclusion, the combined exercise improved body composition but did not affect serum lipids or the BDNF.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.743-753
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among nutritional status, serum lipids and leptin of 134 elementary school students with different obesity index residing in Kyunggi-do, Korea. Subjects were assigned to under weight, normal weight or over weight group according to the their obesity index. Their nutritional status, serum lipid and leptin levels were evaluated based on 24-hr dietary recalls, anthropometric measurements and blood analysis. The mean weight, height and obesity index of total subjects was 150.8cm, 45.6kg and 5.4%. The mean % of body fat was higher while LBM and TBW (total body water) were lower in over weight subjects than those of other two groups. Total food, plant protein, carbohydrate, and vitamin C intakes of underweight male students were lower than those of overweight male students. The consumption of total fat was the highest in the female normal weight subjects and the lowest in female overweight subjects. Male students consumed more plant protein and vitamin C than female students. The mean daily intake of vitamin B$_2$, calcium and zinc of all subjects did not meet the Korean RDA. Also, iron intake of female students was lower than the Korean RDA. The mean level of serum leptin was the highest in male and female overweight subjects (p＜0.001). The HDL-cholesterol level was the highest in the underweight group of male subjects (p＜0.05) and in the normal weight group of female subjects (p＜0.001) The serum level of leptin and atherogenic index (AI) of females were higher than those of males. Serum leptin of total subjects had significantly positive correlation with obesity index, weight, SBP, body fat, cholesterol intake, serum triglyceride, and AI. However, serum leptin was negatively correlated with LBM, TBW, intake of plant protein, vitamin B$_1$, vitamin C and serum HDL-cholesterol. Obesity index was also positively correlated with weight, SBP, body fat, serum triglyceride and AI. To summarize the results, the vitamin B$_2$, calcium, zinc, iron and fiber intakes should be supplied to elementary school students, especially those who were overweight. The average serum leptin level of students showed remarkably positive correlation with obesity index, body fat, serum lipids and AI. Also, it was suggested that the serum leptin might be related to the dietary factors like cholesterol, plant protein, vitamin B$_1$ and vitamin C of elementary school students.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.3405-3416
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to find out the effects of music rope-skipping on health fitness, blood lipids and growth-related factors in male middle school students. For this purpose, twenty subjects were participated in this study and the participants were 'After School Class' boys in B middle school located in Gimhae City. They divided into exercise group(n=10) and control group(n=10). Exercise group conducted 45minutes per a day, four times a week for 12 weeks. And the control group continued their normal life. The results were as follows; First, in exercise group, lean body mass, muscular strength, muscular endurance, cardiovascular endurance and flexibility were all significantly increased after program execution. But %body fat was significantly decreased. In control group, muscular strength, muscular endurance and cardiovascular endurance were significantly increased. There were significant differences in lean body mass, %body fat, muscular strength and flexibility between two groups after program execution. Second, in exercise group, HDL-C was significantly increased after program execution. In control group, TG was significantly decreased. But HDL-C was significantly increased. There were no significant differences in all blood lipids(TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C) between two groups after program execution. Third, in exercise group, GH and IGF-I were significantly increased after program execution. In control group, IGF-I was significantly decreased. There were significant differences in IGF-I between two groups after program execution. These results indicate that music rope-skipping is effective to improve lean body mass, muscular strength, flexibility, GH and IGF-I in normal middle school male students.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.349-357
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• 1998

This study was done to investigate the effect of adolescent smoking on dietary intakes and nutritional status of serum lipids and antioxidant vitamins. Subjects were 82 somkers whose average pack-year was 0.73, and 85 nonsmokers of male technical high school students in Seoul. Anthropometric measurement was performed and % body fat was also analyzed by Bioelectrical Impedance Fatness Analyzer(GIF-891). Dietary intakes and habits were examined through questionnaires and nutrient intakes were analyzed by Computer Aided Nutritional (CAN) analysis programs. Serum TG and total cholesterol levels were measured by Spotchem sp-4410 and serum HDL-cholesterol levels were measured by test kit. serum vitamin C level was measured by 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine method and serum levels of vitamin A and vitamin E were measured by HPLC. All data were statistically analyzed by SAS PC package program. There was a significant difference in body fat percentage and systolic blood pressure while other anthropometric measurements were not different between smokers and monsmokers. Caloric intakes(2335㎉) in adolescent smokers tended to be higher than that of nonsmokers (2,175㎉) but the difference was not statistically significant. Intakes of protein(76.67g) and niacin(16.49㎎) in adolescent male smokers were significantly higher(P<0.05) than those of nonsmokers although other nutrient intakes were not significantly different. Analysis of serum lipids showed that serum HDL-cholesterol level of smokers was significantly different. Analysis of serum lipids showed that serum HDL-cholesterol level of smokers was significantly lower(p<0.05) than that of nonsmokers, whereas other lipid levels were not significantly different. Serum vitamin C level was also significantly lower(p<0.05) in adolescent smokers than in nonsmokers. In addition, serum vitamin E level, which was 7.85㎎/1 in smokers, was lower than that of 9.20㎎/1 in nonsmokers(p<0.05) while serum vitamin A level was not significantly different between the two groups. These results indicate that cigarette smoking in adolescence decreases serum levels of HDL-cholesterol, vitamin C and vitamin E even thoughth their smoking history is very short. (Korean J Community Nutrition 3(3) : 349∼357, 1998)

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.397-407
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• 1996

This study was attempted to investigate the effect of Composite Preparation (Sam Whang Sasim-Tang: SWST, Whang Ryun Haedok-Tang: WRHT) on the activities of GOT and GPT, the content of total lipids, triglyceride, total cholesterol. Phospholipid and ${\beta}-lipoprotein$ in the serum, and the change ratio of body and liver weight in the experimentally induced hyperlipemic rats, making use of the extract 150, 200, 300 and 500 mg/kg p.o. Significant test was performed by comparision with the values of corresponding experimentally hyperlipemic rats. The activities of S-GPT was significantly decreased in all dose of SWST and WRHT respectively. The activities of S-GPT was significantly decreased in dose of SWST 500 mg/kg and in all dose of WRHT respectively. The content of total lipids, triglyceride, total cholesterol and phospholipids were significantly decreased in all dose of two the extract. The rate of decrease on total lipids and triglyceride were remarkable in dose of SWST 300, 500 mg/kg and WRHT 200, 500 mg/kg, and then the content of total cholesterol was more remarkable in dose SWST 300, 500 mg/kg, and WRHT 150, 300 mg/kg, and the content of phospholipids was more remarkable in dose of the extract 150, 200 and 300 mg/kg. The content of ${\beta}-lipoprotein$ was significantly decreased in dose of WRHT 150, 200 and in all dose of SWST. Increase ratio of the body and liver weight were significantly decreased in dose of two the extract 300, 500 mg/kg respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.250-259
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to confirm that calcium intake and healthy status play a role in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease, to assure that calcium intake and regular exercise are important in reducing serum lipid levels in middle-aged women. Daily nutrient intakes were analyzed by convenient method. Anthropometric measurement such as body weight and height and blood pressure were measured. The subjects divided into two groups : women in group I under 50 years of age($\leq$49 yr group) and those in group II 50 years up($\geq$50 yr group). Average ages of group I and II were 43.87 and 53.46 years. The nutrients intake of subjects were higher than Korean recommended dietary allowances(KRDA) except calorie, iron, calcium, vitamin B1. They showed significant difference each other in vitamin B2(p<0.05), calcium(p<0.01) intake. Mean daily calcium intake was 540.88mg in $\leq$49 yr group and 519.50mg in $\geq$50 yr group. The levels of serum cholesterol, triglyceride, blood pressure, Atherogenic Index(AI), LDL/HDL and Cardiac Index(CI) were increased with age. The triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations and LDL/HDL in $\geq$50 yr group were significantly higher than those of $\leq$49 yr group. There was a highly significantly positive correlation between age and triglyceride, total cholesterol and Atherogenic Index(AI). Triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol concentration and Atherogenic Index(AI) were positively correlated with body weight and WHR(waist-hip ratio). Also ther was a significantly negative correlation between exercise and Cardiac Index(CI). Also a significantly negative correlation was found between Ca intake and LDL-cholesterol. Exercise and Cardiac Index(CI) also had a significantly negative relation. The results suggest that increased habitual physical activity and calcium intake should be recommended as a way of decreasing blood lipids and blood pressure in middle-aged women.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.371-381
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• 2008

In order to elucidate the effects of a lacto-ovo vegetarian diet on serum lipid levels, 91 male collegians residing in the Seoul area were recruited. The vegetarians did not smoke tobacco nor drink alcohol. Their anthropometric measurements, dietary intakes, and blood lipid concentrations were compared to age-matched omnivorous controls. The subjects were divided into four groups. The four groups were: 1) NSNDV (n=25): Non Smoking Non Drinking Vegetarians, 2) NSNDO (n=10): Non Smoking Non Drinking Omnivores, 3) SDO (n=37): Smoking, Drinking Omnivores, 4) SDM (n=11): Smoking Drinking Meat-eaters. Total serum cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and hematocrit were analyzed. The results were as follows: Weight (p<0.05) and BMI (p<0.01) were significantly higher in SDM than NSNDV. Dietary protein (p<0.01), iron (p<0.05) and dietary lipids (p<0.01) from animals in NSNDV were significantly lower than the results in the SDM. Interestingly enough, we noted no significant differences between the four groups in terms of average total dietary protein, dietary lipids and dietary iron, total serum cholesterol, or HDL-cholesterol. Dietary fiber intake was significantly higher in NSNDV than in SDM (p<0.05). Weight, BMI, and total cholesterol were significantly positively correlated with animal protein (p<0.05) and animal lipid (p<0.01) intake. These results showed that vegetarian collegians who haven't smoked tobacco nor drunk alcohol evidenced lower body weight, BMI, and dietary animal lipid intake, but higher dietary fiber intake, than the other three groups. Additionally, intake of animal protein (p<0.001) and intake of animal lipids (p<0.001) were significantly positively correlated with body weight, BMI, and total serum cholesterol in male collegians.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.642-653
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association among food intake frequency, nutrient intake, anthropometric measurements, and serum lipids in 100 women and 85 men aged 40-74yrs residing in Jeonju City. Food intake frequency and nutrient intake were obtained from one-day dietary recalls. The results were as follows : The mean height, body weight and BMI were 161 cm, 62.5 kg, and 24 kg/$m^2$respectively. The mean of SBP and DBP were 118 mmHg, 77 mmHg respectively. The mean of TC and TG were 185.5 mg/dl, 153 mg/dl respectively. The mean daily energy and carbohydrate intake was 85. 7%, 91% of RDA for Koreans respectively and that protein intake was 118.5% of RDA. The TC levels of subjects less than 75%, 75-125%, more than 125% of RDA energy were 176 mg/dl, 192 mg/dl, 185 mg/dl respectively(p < 0.01). The TC levels less than 75%, 75-125%, more than 125% of RDA protein were 180 mg/dl, 190 mg/dl, 175 mg/dl respectively(p < 0.05). TC levels less than 75%, 75-125%, more than 125% of RDA fat were 181 mg/dl, 193 mg/dl, 194 mg/dl respectively(p < 0.05). Of the subjects, 18% ate mushrooms. The BMI of the mushroom eaten was 24 and that of non-mushroom eaten was 25(p <0.05). Of the subjects, 28% consumed milk and milk produce. The mean level of TC and TG in milk and milk products eaters were 181 mg/dl, 131 mg/dl and that of non milk and milk products eaters were 197 mg/dl, 159 mg/dl(p < 0.001, p < 0.05). Of the subjects, 58% ate fish. The HDL-C of the fish eaten was 50 mg/dl and that of non-fishes eaten was 45 mg/dl(p < 0.05).

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.271-284
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to analyze effects of 12 weeks dance sports on body composition, irisin, adiponectin and blood lipids in obesity elderly women. The subjects were 26 obesity elderly women who do not have medically problems. The subjects randomly assigned to two groups; dance sports exercise(n=13), control(n=13). The subjects in dance sports group were participated for 60 minutes/day with two times/wk for 12 weeks, whereas subjects in control group were asked to maintain normal lifestyle during the same intervention period. The results of the present study showed that the blood irisin was significantly increased in the exercise group. The blood adiponectin level tended to increase in the exercise gorup. The blood lipids, TG and LCL-C were significantly decreased in the exercise group. The TC was slightly decreased, and the HDL-C was slightly increased. In conclusion, low irisin and adiponectin level in obese people have a positive effect on obese elderly women after dance sports. Therefore, exercise is thought to be good for the care of elderly obesity.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.3 no.5
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• pp.695-706
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• 1998

This study was designed to investigate the associations of the percent body fat dietary intake, plasma lipoprotein profile, lipoprotein(a), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1) concentrations of 1982 Korean subjects(men : 1000 and women : 982) between the ages of 40 and 59 years. The dietary assessment consisted of twenty-four hour dietary records and food frequency questionnaires. The subjects were identified into one of the five rating groups of % body fat : lean, underweight, normal, overweight and obese groups. The biochemical assessment included measurements of plasma total cholesterol(TC), HDL-cholesterol(HDL-C), LDL-cholesterol(LDL-C), triglyceride(TG), lipoprotein(a)(Lp(a)), and PAI-1. With respect to the ratio of percent energy intake of carbohydrate : protein : fat of the normal group of the women was 62% : 17% : 20%, respectively. Women apparently had a higher intake of carbohydrates than men(52% : 17 : 20%) did. There was a linear relationship between energy intake and % body fat in both mean and women(with the exception of the underweight group of women). The relationship of % body fat of men to the protein and fat intake was higher than that of the carbohydrate intake. Of the men in the study, intakes of energy, protein and alcohol were positively correlated to % body fat. In women, energy, carbohydrate and protein intake were positively correlated to % body fat, however, the fat, cholesterol and alcohol intake did not show any correlation to the % body fat in women. This study showed that % body fat was positively correlated with plasma TC, LDL-C, PAI-1 levels, and TG, but the % body fat was negatively correlated with plasma HDL-C level in both men and women. These results indicated that the high energy intake of obese or overweight subjects might contribute to several of the biochemical indices fo coronary heart disease(CHD) risk. In conclusion, increased energy intake is associated with overweight or obesity in middle aged Korean people. There was no relationship between % energy intake of fat and % body fat in the study, in middle-aged Korean men and women. The plasma lipid profile and PAI-1 level thought to be the risk factors of CHD were positively associated with percent body fat in middle aged Korean people.