• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2004.10a
• /
• pp.874-879
• /
• 2004

The Korean high speed train runs at 300 km/h, ballast-flying phenomenon often happens by strong train-wind. It is important to consider the prevention of ballast-flying phenomenon, because the train under-body and fares or walker around a track might be damaged. In this study, Numerical analysis of the under-body flow field of a train and study of heighter-effect were conducted to decrease the speed of under-body. The shape of under-body was simplified for convenience of meshing and analysis. According to results of Taguchi's design by orthogonal arrays, a height of tie is dominant in the flow field, so if the heighter is installed on tie, the speed of under-body might be decreased. To apply the result of this study is useful to build a new high-speed-line might be expected.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
• /
• 2000.11a
• /
• pp.332-340
• /
• 2000

Friction properties of automotive brake pads containing different types of abrasivess were investigated. Five different abrasives, including o-quartz, magnesia, magnetite, alumina, zircon, were employed in this investigation and size effects of the abrasives on friction characteristics were also studied using 1, 50, 140$\mu\textrm{m}$ size zircon. Experimental results showed that the hardness and size of these abrasive particles were strongly related to friction behaviors and wear mechanisms. Harder and smaller abrasives showed higher friction coefficient and more wear. The surfaces of friction materials with different sizes of abrasives showed that two different modes of abrasion (two-body and three-body abrasion) appeared during sliding. Considering the above results, abrasive materials were thought to destroy transfer film and the extent of the destruction depends on the types and sizes of abrasive particles. A mechanism of the wear mode transition (two-body to three body abrasive motion) was suggested considering the binding energy and friction energy in terms of abrasive particle size.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.143-150
• /
• 2008

In this study, we examined the effect of hydroxyl radical generated by $\gamma$-ray and UV irradiation on shrinkage of vitreous body. Change in gel ratio of vitreous body and change in the properties of its components (collagen, sodium hyaluronate) were analyzed. By comparing these results, the amount of hydroxyl radical, which induces the considerable shrinkage of vitreous body, was evaluated from theoretical calculation based on experimental condition and some reported kinetic parameters. It was concluded that the integrated amount of hydroxyl radical required to liquefy half of the vitreous body (Vitreous body gel ratio = 50%) was estimated as $140\;{\mu}molg^{-1}$ from $\gamma$-ray irradiation experiment. Also, from UV irradiation experiment result, it was confirmed that the effect of hydroxyl radical is larger than that of other reactive species. The causes of shrinkage of vitreous body are supposed as follows, 1) decrease in viscosity by cleavage of glycoside bond in sodium hyaluronate, 2) leaching of collagen from vitreous body and 3) leaching of crosslinked products and scission products of collagen.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.35-46
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study was to modify a Flared Skirt for women according to the somatotype of lower body. The subjects for the wear test were 3 students, who were in mean${\pm}1{\sigma}$ each somatotype. As seen in the study, it was found out that there was a difference in three dimensional shape of the lower part of the body even in the group of whom the body heights, measured by Martin's system, are alike. Due to such a difference in the three dimensional shape of the lower part of the body, it was found out to be a difference in drapability of the flare skirts. In order to have better fitness of the lower part of the body and to raise the visual effect, therefore, it is suggested that there need to develop a new model of the flare skirts considering three dimensional shape of the lower part of the body for the wearer or to take complementary measures for each body shape in case of applying traditional model.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.718-726
• /
• 1997

The purpose of the study was to investigate the interaction effect of garment formality, Yin -Yang level, and body type of children on impression formation. The experimental materials developed for the study were a set of stimuli (8 color photographs) and a response scale (34 bipolar adjectives) and the subjects were 267 elementary school teachers in Taejon area who were responsible for the first grade students. Results were as follows; The 3 independent variables showed significant effects on impression of the 4 factors (sociability, potency, dynamics, cooperation) of impression. Since body type had interaction effects with garment formality and subject's gender, the two body types were separately analyzed. For the normal body type, only the garment formality affected on impression of cooperation factor But for the large body type, garment formality affected on impression of potency dimension, garment Yin-Yang level affected on social and dynamics dimension, and subject's gender affected on social and cooperation dimensions. The body type was the most salient variables and clothing effects for the large body type was significantly different for the normal body type. It is concluded that the results support the cognitive categorization theory on impression formation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.48 no.3
• /
• pp.467-484
• /
• 2024

This study aimed to enhance the design of cropped t-shirts to improve fit satisfaction among women in their 20s by tailoring the t-shirts to diverse body types. Body types were categorized using Size Korea's 8th Human Body Measurement Data, and statistical analysis was conducted based on the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 26.0). This study also reviewed the literature on t-shirts and fit, the application of pattern and design improvements for different body types, verifying fit and size for each body type, and applying virtual fit effects using geometric forms. Frequency analysis and non-parametric verification were conducted using the Friedman test. The results showed that t-shirts with a horizontal rectangular shape was an effective design and that t-shirts with an inverted triangular structure also had a positive effect. In contrast, square t-shirts exhibited minimal effectiveness. These findings are expected to contribute to the consideration of customized shapes according to body type in t-shirt design. Research on customized virtual cropped t-shirts reflecting various body types can expand fit satisfaction studies, particularly amid the increasing trend of online shopping.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.306-316
• /
• 2012

Objectives : Mori Folium is used for hyperlipidemia or diabetes. The study was designed to test the anti-obesity effect of Mori Folium on body weight, hepatic fat accumulation and serum lipid level. Methods : The extract from Mori Folium was made by the pharmacy department of Kyung-hee oriental medical hospital. Normal diet, high-fat diet, 30% reduced diet and Mori Folium groups were set. The normal group was administered normal rat food, but the other three groups were administered high fat food. We measured body weight once a week. After 3 weeks experiment, hepatic lipid accumulations were measured. Also we compared serum lipid levels among the 4 groups after 3 weeks. Results : Mori Folium had no effect on body weight, but the 30% reduced diet had an inhibitory effect on body weight gain. Mori Folium had more inhibitory effect on hepatic fat accumulation than a 30% reduced diet. Mori Folium also has more inhibitory effect on serum triglyceride than 30% reduced diet. Conclusions : Mori Folium has anti-obesity effect on hepatic lipid accumulaion and serum triglyceride level in high fat diet induced rats.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.42-48
• /
• 2000

The study was designed to observe the effect of complete listing for 10 days on body fatness, serum leptin level and lipid profile in thirty women who were admitted to fasting Clinical Program in Kyung-Hee Oriental Medical Center. Most of the subjects had food habits of over-eating and preferred oily foods which was correlated to the increase of body weight and BMI during realimentation. Average loss of body weight was 7.98kg and waist-hip ratio was significantly decreased during fasting. Body weight showed significant positive correlation with body fat(r=0.8182), lean body mass(r=0.7797) and total body water(r=0.7563). Body fat was gradually reduced after 9 days fasting, but lean body mass was not diminished any more after 7 days luring. Serum leptin level was significantly decreased after luring and re-feeding. The leptin showed significant positive correlation with body weight(r=0.9324), body mass index(r=0.8279) and body fat(r=0.8376). The levels of serum total cholesterol and LDL-C were significantly increased but HDL-C level was significantly decreased after fasting which increased could be harmful for persons with hypercholesterolemia. VLDL-C and triglyceride levels were not significantly decreased after fasting. Serum total free fatty acid level was significantly increased after fasting. These data suggest that the best way of maintaining the reduced body weight was to carry out the modification of food habits and behavior in daily lift. It could not be recommended to repeat often complete luting for reduction of body weight. (Korean J Nutrition 33(1) : 42-48, 2000)

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.79-88
• /
• 2024

The study aim was to investigate the relationship between adolescents' physical activity and subjective health perceptions and determine whether body mass index (BMI), an obesity-related indicator, had a mediating or moderating effect on this relationship. To achieve the purpose of this study, raw data from the 18th Youth Health Behavior Online Survey (2022) were used, and data from 23,612 people were ultimately selected for the research analysis. A confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were applied to the data, and bootstrapping techniques were used to verify the mediating effect. To verify the moderating effect, a multigroup analysis of the structural equation model was applied to calculate pairwise parameter comparison values. All statistical significance levels were set at .05. The results of this study follow. First, the greater the amount of physical activity among adolescents, the more positive was the effect on subjective health perception. Second, subjective body type perception had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between physical activity and subjective health perception. Third, subjective body type had a moderating effect on physical activity and subjective health perception. Specifically, people who perceived their subjective body types as average viewed their subjective health more positively when they engaged in more physical activity than those who perceived their body types as slightly or very overweight. In conclusion, preventing obesity and positively changing the subjective health status through sufficient physical activity during adolescence are important.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.33-41
• /
• 1975

To study the effect of the tetracycline-HCl on the growth of the rats, the author made a daily injection of tetracycline-HCl in the amount of 40mg/kg of body weight to the lactating mother and weanling rats for 7 days. Lactating and weanling young rats were killed at a week intervals and removed tibia and mandible from soft tissues. The effect of the tetracycline on the growth of rats were analysed from the weight, the length of tibia and the size of mandible. The results were as follows: 1. Tetracycline inhibited the growth of young rats. 2. Inhibitory effects were greater ill the weanling group than the lactating group. 3. The inhibitory effect was marked just after the injection of tetracycline-HCl in body weight and after a week in mandible and tibia. 4. The inhibitory effect of growth nab continued for 2-3 weeks in body weight and 3-4 weeks in tibia and mandible. 5. In growth of mandible, the antero-posterior growth was more inhibited than the vertical.