• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.395-399
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• 1999

Backgroud: Excess abdominal fat, expressed as an increased ratio of waist to hip circumferences (WHR), is independently associated with higher levels of blood pressure. Although a WHR greater than 1.0 in men has been shown to predict complications from obesity, the WHR has not been evaluated in all ethnic groups. Methods: In order to ascertain the association between WHR and classification of blood pressure and to investigate the critical value of WHR as a predictive factor of hypertension in Korean middle-aged men, we compared the mean of WHRs according to the classification of blood pressure in Seoul Cohort participants. Results: Through a surrey of direct measurement of waist and hip girth, 452 subjects were recruited from the cohort. The mean of WHR was 0.88 and its standard deviation was 0.04. The mean of WHRs was higher in the systolic blood pressure group (above 140 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure group (above 90 mmHg), and hypertension group than in the systolic blood pressure group (below 140 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure group (below 90 mmHg), and normotensive group, respectively. And WHR of above 0.89 was associated with hypertension (z-value =6.66). Conclusion: It is necessary for Korean males with WHR greater than 0.89 to recommend the primary prevention and early defection of hypertension.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.99-106
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of manipulation on the velocity of cerebral blood flow and level of pain in cervicogeinc headache patients. The velocity of cerebral blood flow of 30 cervicogeinc headache patients(male=15, female=15, age=$24.00{\pm}3.60$) and 33 normal subjects(male=15, female=18, age=$23.27{\pm}3.00$) was compared. The 30 cervicogeinc headache patients were divided into suboccipitalis relaxation group, cervical manipulation group, and placebo group, and each were given different interventions. The velocity of cerebral blood flow and pain level was measured before intervention, and 1, 2, 3 weeks after intervention. The velocity of cerebral blood flow was measured with the Transcranial Doppler(TCD), and pain level was measured with visual analog scale(VAS). Blood flow velocity of middle cerebral artery in cervicogeinc headache patients was slower than those in healthy subjects. Physical therapy intervention did not have significant effect on velocity of cerebral blood flow, but slowly decreased at intervention for pain level increased. The suboccipitalis relaxation group and cervical manipulation group showed significant effect in decreasing pain level compared to the placebo group(p<.05). Directly applied manipulation therapy in the neck area not only has effect on joint of cervical and soft tissue but also on blood vessels and nerves which pass the neck area, and because of those results of manual therapy seems to help recovery.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.13-22
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• 2008

Objectives : Aim of this study was to investigate the antihypertensive effect of Gyeok-Pal Sang-Saeng-Yeok-Chim acupuncture treatment in hypertensive patients. Methods : The research subjects were a total of 26 hypertension patients. Eligible participants had systolic blood pressure ${\geq}140mmHg$ or diastolic blood pressure ${\geq}90mmHg$ with antihypertensive drug. Both the experimental and control group were divided into 13 participants respectively with homogeneous consideration. The experimental group had acupuncture treatment, Gyeok-Pal Sang-Saeng-Yeok-Chim, whereas the control group didn't have any treatment. Blood pressure was measured before and after acupuncture treatment for a total of 12 times. Results : After 4 weeks of treatment we could identify a decrease in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in acupuncture, Gyeok-Pal Sang-Saeng-Yeok-Chim, treated group compared to that of control group. The given results by measuring time on blood pressure were as follows: Significant decrease in systolic blood pressure from the $1^{st}$ to $12^{th}$ day of visit(P<0.05) while diastolic blood pressure did not show significant decrease. Conclusions : The results suggest that Gyeok-Pal Sang-Saeng-Yeok-Chim acupuncture treatment is effective in decreasing blood pressure but with statistical restriction compared to that of control group.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.297-305
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• 2001

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of food behavior and life-style behavior on the health-status of male industrial workers in the Masan region. The average age of the 173 male subjects was 42.9 years and 59% of the subjects were labor workers, 25% office workers, and 70% of them earned 1 - 1.5 million won monthly. The subjects were categorized into one of three groups : normal group, health-concerned group, and disease-suspected group classified by the criteria of the data (blood pressure, blood glucose, blood hemoglobin, serum total cholesterol, and serum triglyceride) obtained from a health examination. Forty seven belonged to the normal group, 71 to the health-concerned group, and 55 to the disease-suspected group. The health-concerned group, and disease-suspected group had significantly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure, blood glucose, and serum total cholesterol than the normal group, and the disease-suspected group showed a significantly higher serum triglyceride level than the normal and health-concerned groups. The disease-suspected group consumed carbohydrate foods, such as cereals more frequently and protein foods such as beans and eggs less frequently than the normal group and health-concerned group. However, there was no difference in nutrient intakes among the three groups. The disease-suspected group and health-concerned group smoked more cigarettes and drank more frequently than the normal group, and the disease-suspected group exercised less as compared to the normal group. The kinds of diseases diagnosed in the disease-suspected group were hypertension, hyperlipidemia, liver disease, and neurological disease. The results of this study indicate that nutrition education and monitoring should be implemented for industrial workers to prevent chronic diseases and to reduce medical cost for the treatment of disease.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.55-66
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• 1970

Reappraisal measurements of apparent half survival time of red cell by $^{51}Cr$ method was made and effects of blood-letting over red cell survival were observed. The study was performed on 53 normal male subjects under three different experimental conditions. 1. Group 1 Mean $^{51}Cr$ red cell half survival by ACD wash method was 29.7 days. $T\frac{1}{2}$ of Ascorbic acid method was 29.0 days in group with 100 mg dose and 29.1 days in group with 50 mg dose respectively. There was no difference between these two methods in regards to red cell half survival. No difference were noted in amount of ascorbic acid administered. 2. Group 2 As daily amount of blood loss is increased the shortening of red cell half survival was noted. Rapid phase was seen when blood loss ranged 10 to 25 ml per day, while slow phase noted when more loss amounted 25 ml or more daily. Thus, it was clear that there was more than an exponential relation between $T\frac{1}{2}$ and the amount of blood loss. 3. Group 3 $T\frac{1}{2}$ measured by cpm per whole blood was within normal range and $T\frac{1}{2}$ measured by cpm per red cell mass showed shortening tendency when compared with the former in the group measured after blood loss (from 25 ml daily up to 100 ml daily in 10 days). In the group with rather constant blood loss of 100 ml daily for 10 consecutive days revealed the significant difference in two measurements (P<0.01). 4. $T\frac{1}{2}$ in non-steady state When red cell production is increased compared with red cell destruction, $T\frac{1}{2}$ measured by cpm per red cell mass being shorter than that by cpm per whole blood. Shortening of $T\frac{1}{2}$ measured by cpm per whole blood is more prominent. if red cell destrction is enhanced and exceeds production. 5. It is clear that when expressing red cell destruction rate, $T\frac{1}{2}$ measured by cpm per whole blood is more adequate and production more consistent with cpm red cell mass. 6. $T\frac{1}{2}$ measured during blood-letting, when corrected by amount of blood loss, it remains normal. It is erroneous to use conventional equational when measuring $T\frac{1}{2}$ in non-steady. $T\frac{1}{2}$ measured by cpm per whole blood is considred more applicable in clinical evaluation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.6097-6100
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• 2012

Background: Previous studies have observed an association between ABO blood group and risk for certain gastrointestinal malignancies, including pancreatic and gastric cancer. However, it is unclear whether there is such an association with colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, possible relationships between ABO blood groups and Rh factor and KRAS status in patients with CRC were investigated. Materials and Methods: In 1,620 patients with CRC, blood group and Rh factor were examined and compared with the control group of 3,022,883 healthy volunteer blood donors of the Turkish Red Crescent between 2004 and 2011. The relationship of blood groups with wild type K-ras status was also evaluated. Results: Overall distributions of ABO blood groups as well as Rh factor were comparable between patients (45% A, 7.2% AB, 16.4% B, 31.4% O, and 87.2% Rh+) and controls (42.2% A, 7.6% AB, 16.3% B, 33.9% O, and 87.7% Rh+) (p=0.099). However, there were statistically significant difference between patients and controls with respect to O vs. non O blood group (p=0.033) and marginally significant difference for A vs. non-A blood group (p=0.052). Among patients, the median age was 62 (range 17-97), 58.1% were male. There were no statistically significant differences respect to sex and K-ras status. Conclusion: In present study, the ABO/Rh blood groups were statistically significantly associated with the risk of CRC. There were no relationship between K-ras status and ABO blood group and Rh factor. However further studies with larger numbers of patients are needed to establish the role of blood groups and to define t he mechanisms by which ABO blood type affect CRC.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.468-474
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• 1997

To evaluate the effect of feeding time and high fat diet on weight gain and blood components in rats, the classification of groups were night(P.M. 8:00-next day A.M. 8:00), day(A.M. 8:00 P.M. 8:00) and ad-libitum(24 hours)group as feeding time. Each group has also 2 groups by fat level(high-fat diet, standard diet). Therefore, the 36 experimental animals were divided into 6 groups. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. Food intake of SA(standard diet / ad-libitum) and SN(standard diet/night) groups was significantly higher than the others, and HA(high fat diet /ad-libitum) and HD(high fat diet /day) groups was significantly lower than the others. Body weight gains of HN group and SA group were significantly higher than the others in 5 weeks. The blood contents of total cholesterol, triglyceride, protein and albumin were no significant difference among experimental groups, but the blood contents of glucose were higher in HN and SD groups than SN and HA groups. Accordingly, eating before asleep and high fat diet bring about one's overweight and abnormal blood concentration.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 2005

Excessive drinking causes 'alcohol hangover' within 8-16 hours. The cause of 'hangover' has not been elucidated exactly until now, but it is reported that it is caused by the creation of blood ethanol and acetaldehyde as ethanol metabolites. In this study vinegar extract of wood (VE) or OC-1, to which the powder extract of green tea leaves extract is added, was administered to the rats 30 minutes before the oral administration of ethanol (3 g/kg) and the blood ethanol and acetaldehyde concentration was measured in order to evaluate the efficacy of the beverage material for detoxification. As a result, the blood ethanol concentration in the group of the VE-1(vinegar crude extract) and VE-2 (double diluted solution) is statistically lower (P,0.05) than the exclusive alcohol administered control group. The blood acetaldehyde concentration of all groups of VE and OC-2, which is the double dilution of OC-1, is statistically low after 7 hours following ethanol administration. Especially, the AUC value of OC-2 group is statistically low compared to the control group. Accordingly, it indicates the conclusion that VE and OC-1, reducing the blood ethanol and acetaldehyde concentration which are two leading factors of 'hangover' after drinking, and worthwhile to be developed as beverage materials to eliminate 'hangover'.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.231-238
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate body composition, blood pressure, blood lipids, and glucose according to obesity degree by body fat percentage in female university students. Methods: A total of 231 subjects were participated between July and December 2010. The anthropometric measures and blood analyzer were used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient with SPSS 18.0. Results: Percentage of body fat (PBF)-defined obesity had higher prevalence than body mass index (BMI)-defined obesity. Weight, BMI, PBF, fat mass, Waist to hip ratio (WHR), Systolic blood pressure (SBP), Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in obesity group were higher than normal group and Soft lean mass and Low density lipoprotein (LDL) in obesity group were lower than normal group. There were significant correlations between PFB, SBP, DBP, Triglyceride (TC), High density lipoprotein (HDL), and LDL. Conclusion: In conclusion, when screening for obesity in female university students, body fat should be considered. It is needed to develop obesity management program according to obesity degree and to identify the effectiveness.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.411-420
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of drinking water containing trimethyl glycine or ascorbic acid on growth performance and blood parameter profiles of duck exposed to scorching heat stress. A total of 480 ducks were randomly assigned to the following eight experiment groups for 42 days : control group C with general water, treatment group 1 (T1) with drinking water containing 100 ppm ascorbic acid, treatment group 2 (T2) with drinking water containing 200 ppm ascorbic acid, treatment group 3 (T3) with drinking water containing 300 ppm ascorbic acid, treatment group 4 (T4) with drinking water containing 400 ppm trimethyl glycine, treatment group 5 (T5) with drinking water containing 800 ppm trimethyl glycine, treatment group 6 (T6) with drinking water containing 1,200 ppm trimethyl glycine, treatment group 7 (T7) with electrolytes of KCl (0.5%) + $NaHCO_3$ (1.0%)+NaCl (0.5%). Our results revealed that the body weights and feed intakes of treatment groups, especially T3 and T6, were increased compared to the control group, where as the feed conversion ratios of treatment groups were decreased (p<0.05). Blood levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, glucose, AST, ALT and pH in treatment groups were lower compared to those in the control group (p<0.05). Blood levels of red blood cell, platelets profiles, electrolyte and gas in treatment groups were higher compared to those of the control group (p<0.05).