• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.145-167
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• 2004

Objective : Neuropathic pain can be caused by a partial peripheral nerve injury. This kind of pain is usually accompanied by spontaneous burning pain, allodynia and hyperalgesia. It is not clear that scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture can control neuropathic pain effectively. The purpose of this study is to examine if scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture may be effective to the neuropathic pain (mechanical allodynia, cold allodynia) in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Methods : To produce the model of neuropathic pain, under isoflurane 2.5% anesthesia, tibial nerve and sural nerve was resected. After the neuropathic surgery, the author examined if the animals exhibited the behavioral signs of allodynia. The allodynia was assessed by stimulating the medial malleolus with von Frey filament and acetone. Three weeks after the neuropathic surgery, scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture was injected at Hwando(GB30) one time a day for one week. After that the author examined the withdrawl response of neuropathic rats' legs by von Frey filament and acetone stimulation. And also the author examined c-fos in the midbrain central gray of neuropathic rats and the change of WBC count in the blood of neuropathic rats. Results & Conclusion : 1. The scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture injected at Hwando(GB30) decreased the withdrawl response of mechanical allodynia in SHA-1, SHA-2 and SAH-3 group as compared with control group. 2. The scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture injected at Hwando(GB30) decreased the withdrawl response of chemical allodynia(cold allodynia) in SHA-1, SHA-2 and SAH-3 group as compared with control group. 3. The scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture injected at Hwando(GB30) showed the significant difference between sham group and control group(p=0.01), sham and SHA-3 group(p=0.026), control group and SHA-1 group(p=0.01), control group and SHA-2 group(p=0.024) in the c-fos expression. 4. The scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture injected at Hwando(GB30) showed the significant difference between sham group and SHA-3 group(p=0.010), control group and SHA-3 group(p=0.006) in the WBC count.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to examine if Radix Aconiti herbal acupuncture may be effective to the neuropathic pain(mechanical allodynia, cold allodynia) in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Methods : To produce the model of neuropathic pain, under isoflurane 2.5% anesthesia, L5 spinal nerve was ligated by 6-0 silk thread. After neurophathic surgery, the author examined if the animals exhibited the behavioral sign of allodynia. The allodynia was assessed by stimulating the medial malleolus with von frey filament and acetone. Three days after the neuropathic surgery, Radix Aconiti herbal acupuncture was injected at Hwando($GB_{30}$) one time per two days for 2 weeks. After that, the author examined the withdrawal response of neuropathic rats' legs by von frey filament and acetone stimulation. And also the author examined c-Fos in the midbrain central gray of neuropathic rats and the change of WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT count in the blood of neuropathic rats. Results : The Radix Aconiti herbal acupuncture injected Hwando($GB_{30}$) decreased the withdrawal response of mechanical allodynia that assessed with von frey filament in RA1-$GB_{30}$, RA2-$GB_{30}$ group as compared with control group. The Radix Aconiti herbal acupuncture injected Hwando($GB_{30}$) decreased the withdrawal response of chemical allodynia(cold allodynia) that assessed with acetone in RA1-$GB_{30}$, RA2-$GB_{30}$ group as compared with control group. The Radix Aconiti herbal acupuncture injected Hwando($GB_{30}$) showed the significant between control group and RA2-$GB_{30}$ group in the c-Fos expression. The Radix Aconiti herbal acupuncture injected Hwando($GB_{30}$) did not show the significant between control group and RA1-$GB_{30}$ group, RA2-$GB_{30}$ group and RA3-$GB_{30}$ group in the WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT count. Conclusions : We have noticed that Radix Aconiti herbal acupuncture at Hwando($GB_{30}$) decreased mechanical allodynia and cold allodynia in the model of neuropathic pain compared with the control group. C-fos expression in the central gray of that group was also decreased compared with the control group. This study can be used as a basic resource on a study and a treatment of pain.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.343-351
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• 2016

Although the chemical, physical, and nutritional properties of bovine milk have been extensively studied, only a few studies have attempted to characterize milk-synthesizing genes using RNA-seq data. RNA-seq data was collected from 21 Holstein samples, along with group information about milk production ability; milk yield; and protein, fat, and solid contents. Meta-analysis was employed in order to generally characterize genes related to milk production. In addition, we attempted to investigate the relationship between milk related traits, parity, and lactation period. We observed that milk fat is highly correlated with lactation period; this result indicates that this effect should be considered in the model in order to accurately detect milk production related genes. By employing our developed model, 271 genes were significantly (false discovery rate [FDR] adjusted p-value<0.1) detected as milk production related differentially expressed genes. Of these genes, five (albumin, nitric oxide synthase 3, RNA-binding region (RNP1, RRM) containing 3, secreted and transmembrane 1, and serine palmitoyltransferase, small subunit B) were technically validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in order to check the accuracy of RNA-seq analysis. Finally, 83 gene ontology biological processes including several blood vessel and mammary gland development related terms, were significantly detected using DAVID gene-set enrichment analysis. From these results, we observed that detected milk production related genes are highly enriched in the circulation system process and mammary gland related biological functions. In addition, we observed that detected genes including caveolin 1, mammary serum amyloid A3.2, lingual antimicrobial peptide, cathelicidin 4 (CATHL4), cathelicidin 6 (CATHL6) have been reported in other species as milk production related gene. For this reason, we concluded that our detected 271 genes would be strong candidates for determining milk production.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.755-762
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• 2005

세포 내에서 매우 적은 양으로 존재하는 RNA 전사체와 기능적으로 동일하거나 비슷한 RNA를 RNA 중합효소를 써서 in vitro에서 생화학적으로 의미 있는 양 만큼을 합성할 수 있다. T7 RNA중합효소를 발현하는 재조합 유전자를 지닌 대장균주 BL21/pAR1219로부터 순수한 T7 RNA중합효소를 손쉽게 얻는 방법을 본 논문에서 소개한다. 황산암모늄 분획화와 sephadex SP 컬럼 크로마토그래피법으로써 여타의 방법과 비교하여 더 간단하고 빠르게, 그리고 경제적으로 T7 RNA 중합효소를 분리할 수 있었다. 정제된 T7 RNA중합효소를 이용하여 보통의 화학적 합성법으로 불가능한 긴 길이(1.54 kb)의 RNA전사체를 합성 하였다. 한편,정제된 T7 RNA중합효소에 의해 생성된 망치머리 리보자임은 표적 RNA를 in vitro에서 절단함으로써, 생성된 RNA가 생화학적 기능성을 유지한다는 것을 입증하였다 따라서 본 연구에서 소개되는 절차들은 다양한 길이의 RNA를 목적에 따라 간단하고 경제적으로 합성하는데 유용하게 이용될 수 있다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.255-264
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• 1996

여러 가지 종류의 단백질 원료를 혼합하여 성장이 좋고, 가격이 싼 조피볼락용 배합사료를 개발하기 위해 설계한 사료의 효과를 사육실험을 통해 조사하였다. 북양어분 간접식 $29\%$와 갈색 어분 $29\%$ 첨가구를 대조구로 정하고 원료의 필수아미노산 조성을 고려하여 대두박, 콘글루텐 밀, 육분, 혈분, 우모분, 소맥분을 각각 다른 비율로 첨가하여 어분 단백질원인 북양어분과 갈색어분을 $40\%$에서 $65\%$까지 대체한 사료 6종류와 RMP(생사료+분말사료)구를 선정하여 총 8종류의 실험사료를 제조하였다. 33 g 전후의 조피볼락을 실험사료마다 각각 3반복으로 15주간 사육 실험한 결과, 증체율은 사료 2, 3, 4구와 RMP 사료가 대조구와 유의차없이 좋은 결과를 보였다(P>0.05). 반면에 사료효율은 RMP구가 가장 높았고, 사료 7이 가장 낮았다. 어체 1 kg 증육시키는데 소요되는 사료원가는 RMP구가 1,332원으로 가장 높았고, 대조구가 539원으로 나타났으며, 그 외 사료들은 $452\~498$원으로 비슷하였다. 위와 같이 사료 $5\~7$을 제외한 사료들은 성장효과가 대조구와 유의차가 없어 30 g 이상의 어체에서는 식물성 및 동물성 원료를 적절히 혼합 첨가하면 사료중의 어분을 $55\%$까지 대체 가능하였으며, 양식 생산비를 절감할 수 있을 것으로 나타났다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.441-452
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• 2012

Objectives : As the attempts to make good uses of laser acupuncture in korean medicine have been steadily carried on, to ensure the safety is needed to increase the use of laser acupuncture. The aim of this study was to examine the safety of using laser acupuncture therapy irradiated with 830 nm laser and 905 nm laser. Methods : Fifteen rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups - Intact ; no therapy group. LAT830 ; laser acupuncture therapy(830 nm) group at GB34 GB39. LAT905 ; laser acupuncture therapy(905 nm) group at GB34 GB39. During eight weeks of treatment, LAT830, LAT905 were treated 2 times weekly, frequency 20 Hz, intensity 20 mW. Test items were mortality, body weight, food consumptions, hematological values, blood chemical values, urinalysis values, absolute organ weights and relative organ weights. Results : Statistically significant differences were not found among 3 groups. The values measured in LAT830, LAT905 and Intact(no therapy) group have shown similar results and it indicated that LAT830, LAT905 had no abnormal influence on the reaction of living bodies. There was little difference on the liver weight of relative organ weight test between laser-treated groups(LAT830, LAT905) and Intact group. Conclusions : In conclusion, laser acupuncture therapies irradiated with 830 nm laser and 905 nm laser caused no abnormal reaction of living bodies. More studies are needed to further establish the safety of many other laser acupuncture therapies.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.356-362
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• 2019

Scutellaria baicalensis (SB) has widely used in the treatment for various brain diseases in the field of Oriental medicine. Biofermantation of SB can make major chemical constituents of SB to pass blood-brain barrier easily and to have more potent anti-oxidant ability. There is a little information about the contribution of fermented SB (FSB) to the formation or maintenance of the neural plasticity in the hippocampus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of FSB extract on hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) - induced impairments of the induction and maintenance of long-term potentiation (LTP), an electrophysiological marker for the neural plasticity in the hippocampus. From hippocampal slices of rats, the field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) were evoked by the electrical stimulation to the Schaffer collaterals - commissural fibers in the CA1 areas and LTP by theta-burst stimulation by using 64 - channels in vitro multi-extracellular recording system. In order to induce oxidative stress to hippocampal slices two different concentrations (200, 400 μM) of H₂O₂ were given to the perfused aCSF before and after the LTP induction, respectively. The ethanol extract of FBS with concentration of 25 ㎍/ml, 50 ㎍/ml was diluted in perfused aCSF that had 200 μM H₂O₂, respectively. Oxidative stress by the treatment of H₂O₂ resulted in decrease of the induction rate of LTP in the CA1 area with a dose - dependent manner. However, the ethanol extract of FSB prevented the reduction of the induction rate of LTP caused by H₂O₂ - induced oxidative stress with a dose - dependent manner. These results may support a potential application of FSB to ameliorate impairments of hippocampal dependent neural plasticity or memory caused by oxidative stress.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.127-142
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• 1991

This study was carried out to investigate fatty liver in Korean black goats. Adult female goats were divided into 3 test groups(A, B and C). Group A and B of goats each received 3 test consecutive daily doses of DL-ethionine at 75mg/kg and 150mg/kg body weight, respectively. Group C of goats was given 3 consecutive doses of the compound every 48 hours at 150mg/kg body weight. The clinical symptoms, hematological values, serum chemical values and histopathological study of the liver were investigated in the test animals. The results obtained are as follows ; 1. Fatty liver were observed in every test animal. 2. Some clinical symptoms( anorexia, depression) were appeared from 1st day to 7th day after administration of the compound in every test animal. In addition to these symptoms, diarrhea and salivation were generally observed in test animals which were given the compound at 150mg/kg body weight. The degree of these symptoms was dose dependent. 3. There was no significant variations in total WBC counts and fibrinogen values in the blood of test goats. The PCV values were significantly increased on 5th day of dosing in group A and B of goats. 4. The total lipid value was not changed but the concentration of NEFA was significantly increased on 3rd day of dosing with the compound and returned to normal value after 10 days hereafter. The value of triglycerides was significantly increased on 1st day and returned to normal value on 3rd day of dosing. The value of cholesterol was significantly decreased on 3rd day and returned to normal value on 10th day after treatment. 5. Total protein level was decreased on 10th day of dosing in the groups of B and C, and billirubin level was significantly increased on 7th day of dosing in every test group and returned to normal level after 13th day of administration. 6. The activity of GGT in serum was not changed while the activities of SDH and AST were significantly increased in every test goat and those values were returned to normal after 10~13th day of trestment. 7 The 35K-protein fraction in serum was not detected by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, but this protein fraction was detected by the same method after treating the 21st and 22nd fraction which were obtained by column chromatography with Sephadex G-100. 8. The affected liver was congested and swollen on 3rd day, and yellowish brown in color and mottled appearance on 7th day of treatment. Histopathologically, fat droplets were common in the hepatocytes, this change was intensive on 7th day after treatment in group B and C. Hepatic cell necrosis was observed in some livers but this pathological change was disappeared and returned to normal after 13 days of treatment.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.488-493
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• 2012

두 마리의 말티즈견 (2살 중성화 암컷, 4개월 암컷)과 한 마리의 페키니즈견 (10살 수컷)이 구토, 식욕부진, 두위하강과 침흘림 등의 증상으로 내원하였다. 신체검사, 혈액검사, 방사선검사, 초음파, 컴퓨터단층촬영이 진단을 위해 실시되었다. 실험실 검사에서 높은 간수치, 담즙산 수치, 암모니아 농도가 세 마리 모두에서 확인되었다. 두 마리의 환축에서 방사선검사 상 소간증이 확인되었다.복부 초음파 검사에서 세 마리 모두 문맥전신 단락이 많이 의심되어 컴퓨터단층촬영을 실시하였고, 그 결과 모두 단일 간외성 문맥전신 단락으로 확인되었다. 진단 후 세마리는 모두 수술적인 방법을 통해 단락 혈관에 아메로이드 링을 적용하였다. 본 증례보고는 세 마리의 개에서 발생한 단일 간외성 문맥전신 단락 증례에 대한 임상적, 영상학적인 특징들을 잘 나타내고 있으며, 컴퓨터단층촬영이 문맥전신단락의 정확한 진단을 위해 유용한 진단기법임을 잘 나타내고 있다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.170-175
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• 2008

The present study was performed to investigate the anesthetic or analgesic effect of tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ) and electro acupuncture analgesia (EAA) in cats. Twelve healthy cats were randomly assigned to receive either TZ or EA. TZ group cats with weight of $3.65{\pm}0.48kg$ received 10.0 mg/kg of TZ intramuscularly. EA group cats with weight of $3.62{\pm}0.52kg$ received 5V, 30Hz and 60 minutes of EA. The acupoints used were Tian-ping (GV-5, +), Bai-hui (GV-20, -). Therefore, after and before experiment, some serum chemistry profiles (alkaline phospatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, glucose and total protein) and change of vital signs (rectal temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate) were examined. All cats were examined pre, and 5, 25, 65 and 105 minutes after administration of TZ or operation of EA. The cats in EA group showed a smaller change in rectal temperature, heart rate and respiratory rate than in the TZ group (p<0.05). In both groups, total protein concentration was constant throughout the period of anesthesia, and the serum glucose increased gradually throughout the period of anesthesia. However, the cats in EA group showed a smaller change in alkaline phospatase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase within the limit of safety than in the TZ group (p<0.05). While coming to induction, the TZ group took a mean $2.4{\pm}0.7$ minutes to achieve sternal recumbency, compared with $10.5{\pm}2.1$ minutes by the EA group, and $3.2{\pm}0.6$ minutes to achieve lateral recumbency, compared with $18.8{\pm}1.9$ minutes by the EA group (p<0.05). When recovering from anesthesia, the TZ group took $164.3{\pm}17.9$ minutes to achieve sternal position time, compared with $67.7{\pm}4.6$ minutes by the EA group, and $202.0{\pm}15.7$ minutes to stand, compared with $73.0{\pm}6.1$ minutes for the EA group (p<0.05). In this study, the cats anesthetized with EA showed a more rapid recovery rather than the cats under TZ anesthesia. Also, there do not appear to be any negative physiologic effects associated with acupuncture-induced surgical analgesia. So, it was considered that EAA may be used effectively in shock, debilitated cats, as compared to TZ.