• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.14-23
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to determine affects of hair colors on physical shapes and images through field survey and experimental research. For the purpose, this researcher surveyed 230 female college students residing in Busan about their dyed hair colors, and selected the subjects for the study. Then the researcher an experimental research on the subjects by suing test stimuli. Results of the study can be described as follows: Experiment of the Optical Illusion of Physical Shapes. For all items measured for the experiment, except four ones, if was found that hair colors provided significant efforts of optical illusion factor analysis, included horizontality, outlines of the body and face, a horizontal line of the shoulder, the length, verticality and a horizontal line of the face. According to hair colors, black made the body look slimmer and the face look apparent. White made the body height look low, the outline of the face look clear and the neck or shoulder look fleshed. Female college students whose hair color was orange looked unclear in the body silhouette, bright in the face and broad in the hip and shoulder. Other students whose hair color was red, attracting the line of vision upward most strongly, looked fleshed in the upper body and broad in the face. Finally, blue made the face look dark.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.49-58
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• 2004

In the modern society, already a popular and public part of fashion, hair coloring has the effect of optical illusion on image. This study therefor aims to reveal the effects of varied and fashionable hair coloring on the body images. This is a combination of an actual examination and an experimental study. In order to know the effects of hair colors on body image, 230 female collegians residing in Busan were given a questionnaire on the reality of hair dyeing. Based on the actual research, one subject was selected and stimuli were manufactured. The analysis and examination of the effects of hair dyeing have produced the following conclusions. (1) As a result of dispersion analysis about the image effect according to hair colors, a meaningful difference is recognized in the item and indicates that hair color variation influences the image effect. (2) As a result, extracting the factors that hair colors can influence the image, 3 factors were extracted. The first factor is an intellectual image, the second factor is an active image, and the third factor is a comfortable image. (3) Image effect in hair colors are as same next. Red and Orange color clearly indicate the image of 'charismatic', 'lively', 'positive', 'active', 'light' and 'gorgeous'. Blue and Green color indicates the image of 'unfriendly', 'hard', 'cold' and 'uneasy'. White color indicates the image of 'unfriendly', 'charismatic', 'gorgeous' and 'impure' then Black color has images of 'friendly', 'intellectual', 'indignified' and 'pure'. In other words, the result indicates rather a different tendency comparison with the general color image.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1007-1019
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of achromatic shirt and chromatic tie combination on image of menswear. This experiment was designed by shirt color(N9, N7, N4, N2), tie color(red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple), tie tone(vivid, light, dull, dark), and perceiver gender(a male, a female). The experimental materials developed for this study were a set of stimulus and response scales. The stimuli were 96 upper body photographs and 26 7-point bi-polar adjectives were used to evaluate the image. The subjects of this research were 480 male and 480 female college students. The data was analyzed by using SPSS program. Analysis methods were four-way ANOVA. The items of the adjectives were classified into 4 image factor: potency, activity, attractiveness, and visibility. Shirt color, tie color, tie tone influenced on the 4 image dimension greatly by interaction as well as independently. Dull or dark tone tie had an effect on the formation of potency image. And white color shirt, vivid or light tone tie had an effect on the formation of activity image. White or black shirt had a positive effect on attractiveness, and black shirt or vivid tone tie was effective for visible image.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.56 no.9 s.109
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• pp.14-23
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to identify the esthetic features of femme fatale character fashions, which are shown in Movie . The feature of evil femineity is the attribute of evil which brings men to ruin by the dangerous, cunning, and cruel trick, and is expressed in black color, red color, and slash fashion. This fashion shows the dark reverse side of women's sexual desire in relation to anxiety, evil, and death. The feature of sensuality evokes physical pleasures or desires, and maximizes the exposure of sexual regions by tightening or loosening women's body. In the fashion expressing this feature, the forms are fit or loose silhouette. and the colors are black and red. and the materials are soft. This fashion seems to deconstruct the past concept of sex consciousness and emphasize the independent and autonomous femineity. The feature of positiveness combines feminine elements with masculine elements in relation to power elements. This feature is expressed in tailored suit and trousers, with few patterns and details, and in black color and gray color. This fashion reflects the aggressive, challenging, and independent femineity, and expresses the potential defense for the weakness and danger of female body. The feature of purity expresses the earnest and truthful mind, and is expressed in the soft and light one-piece dress, the elegant suit, and the pink color and black color fashion. This fashion shows angel-like and reliable womanly beauty, but at the same time shows women's attribute which changes their behavior and thinking every moment, so that this fashion shows women's double-sided attribute which combines women's weakness and violence, or tenacity and conflict.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.309-313
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• 2001

Life cycle and host plants of Scotinophara lurida(BURMEISTER) were studied from 1999 to 2001. Egg of S. lurida was oval-shaped with light-gray in color. Nymphs were reddish brown, dark brown, and brown, and the body was 1.19~7.24mm long, depending on their developmental stages from the 1st to the 5th instar. Adults were black and the body were 9.34mm and 8.47mm long in female laid 30.7 eggs in average for its life span. Developmental period was 4.3 days for eggs, and 45.8 days for nymphs. Total 9 host plant species was identified by the greenhouse observation in Chungbuk province.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1701-1711
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• 2012

Okinawan Awamori is produced by fermenting steamed indica rice with black mold, yeast, and water. Awamori-pressed lees is a by-product of the Awamori production process. Tofu lees is a by-product of the Tofu production process. This research consisted of two experiments conducted to elucidate whether or not dried Awamori-pressed lees and Tofu lees can be used as a mixed feed ingredient for raising female goats. In experiment 1, digestion trials were conducted to ascertain the nutritive values of dried Awamori-pressed lees and dried Tofu lees for goats. The digestible crude protein (DCP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) contents of dried Awamori-pressed lees and Tofu lees were 22.5%, 22.5% (DCP), and 87.2%, 94.4% (TDN) respectively. In experiment 2, 18 female goats (Japanese Saanen${\times}$Nubian, three months old, body weight $15.4{\pm}0.53$ kg) were divided into three groups of six animals (control feed group (CFG), Awamori-pressed lees mixed feed group (AMFG), Tofu lees mixed feed group (TMFG)). The CFG control used feed containing 20% soybean meal as the main protein source, while the AMFG and TMFG treatments used feed mixed with 20% dried Awamori-pressed lees or dried Tofu lees. The groups were fed mixed feed (volume to provide 100 g/d increase in body weight) twice a day (10:00, 16:00). The klein grass hay and water was given ad libitum. The hay intake was measured at 08:00 and 16:00. Body weight and size measurements were taken once a month. At the end of the experiment, a blood sample was drawn from the jugular vein of each animal. The DCP and TDN intakes in AMFG and TMFG showed no significant difference to the CFG. Cumulative measurements of growth in body weight, withers height, chest depth, chest girth, and hip width over the 10 mo period in the AMFG and TMFG were similar to the CFG. By contrast, cumulative growth in body length and hip height in the AMFG and TMFG tended to be larger than the CFG. Cumulative growth in chest width in the AMFG was significantly larger (p<0.05) than the CFG. Blood parameter values were similar to those in normal goats reported by other scientists. The coats of the AMFG and TMFG animals looked shinier than the animals in the CFG. The results demonstrate that dried Awamori-pressed lees and Tofu lees can be used as a feed ingredient for the raising female goats.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.276-283
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• 2011

The growth and tolerance for water temperature and salinity were compared among red sea bream Pagrus major (RSB) black sea bream Acanthopagrus schregeli (BSB) and their hybrid ($F_1$), female RSB ${\times}$ male BSB. The growth of the $F_1$ fish did not differ until 27 days after hatching (dAH), after which the most rapid growth was observed until approximately 300 dAH, followed by RSB and BSB. However, the RSB had out grown the $F_1$ fish by approximately 303 dAH. By 480 dAH, the RSB were largest, followed by the $F_1$ and BSB groups. The tolerances for high and low water temperature were significantly different for each species and growth stage. The largest tolerance spectrum was observed in the BSB group, and the tolerance spectrums gradually decreased with increasing final body weight. During the salinity tolerance trials, all of the species started to die following transfer into freshwater (0 psu). BSB showed the highest survival rate when kept in fresh water for an average of 29.9 hours, while the $F_1$ fish were more tolerant than the RSB fish. The fish were increasingly tolerant to fresh water and changes in water temperature as they grew, while the size of the temperature spectrum remained unchanged but shifted to a lower temperature range with growth. Our results demonstrate that $F_1$ performed well in terms of growth compared to parental fish, with higher temperature and salinity tolerances than RSB, and is thus suggested to be a suitable aquaculture species for Korea and northeast China.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.119-122
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• 1995

A total of 6 tamaraws were observed for determining coat color and measured for body conformation. Banding pattern of 4 blood proteins and 2 isozymes were analysed from the peripheral blood of two tamaraws. The coat colour of younger tamaraws were observed to be brown and adult was found to be complete black. The body weight, body length, withers height, head length, head width, horn length and tail length of adult male and female tamaraws were: 236 kg and 208 kg; 113.5 cm and 112.5 cm; 19.5 cm and 20 cm; 30.0 cm and 28.5 cm and 36.0 cm and 35.5 cm, respectively. The electrophoretic banding pattern, distance migrated and the allelic frequencies obtained in tamaraws were similar compared with that reported in swamp buffaloes. Although the sample size was very small, results of this study could be an important source of informations based on which a breeding programme can be designed to exploit some of the economic characters of tamaraw.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.1042-1055
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to consider the formative characteristics of dance sports from such points of view as shapes, colors, material and decorations, and to examine artistic characteristics that are expressed through those elements. As a result, this study shows five artistic characteristics as follows; First, rhythmic characteristic is expressed with repeat of lines that is formed by pleats, shirring or gather, with duplication of ruffle's wave, with gradation of colors, with Moire-effect that is generated with overlap of see-through material, with glossy material that reflects lights to a great extent, with fringe. Second, bodily characteristic emphasizes the beauty of human bodies through direct or indirect body exposure by way of cut-and-open, see-throughness or close adhesion. Third, decorative characteristic is shown with beads, fringe, ruffle, embroidery, shirring, binding, or feather. Fourth, the beauty of female body is manifested to express eroticism, which is culminated by body exposure, body consciousness, use of illuminating or see-through material or colorful trimming. Finally, elegant characteristic is revealed through feminity, sophistication, and harmony that are expressed with black and white colors, see-through material, or bead trimmings.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.370-373
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• 2000

Acute toxicity of the pigment fraction of Heugjinjubyeo was investigated in male and female mice following oral administration. Major component of pigment fraction was analyzed as cyanidin 3-glucoside (C3G), which composition content was 96%. The pigment fraction as given at the single oral doses of 1000,3000 and 9000mg/kg in male and female mice did not show any abnormal behaviours, body weight loss or other toxic symptoms during observation period of 14 days. There were no dead mice among 6 mice at a single dose of 9000mg/kg. Thus, it is concluded that the minimum lethal doses (MLD) of the pigment extract might be more than 9000 mg/kg p.o., in male and female mice.