• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.13-16
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• 1995

In this study out of 3036 Black Bengal goats examined, 1755(57.80%) were infected with different types of metacestodes. The metacestodes were Cysticercus tenuicollis(54.54%), Coenurus cerebralis(6.32%) and hydatid cysts(11.13%). Animals > 18 months old were relatively more susceptible to Cysticercus tenuicollis and Coenurus cerebralis infection. On the contrary, animals > 8 months to 18 months old were more susceptible to hydatid infection, Both male and female goats were found to be equally infected with the metacestodes. A fully grown Coenurus cerebralis was also recovered from the abdominal muscles of a goat. In Cysticercus tenuicollis infection, pathological effects were not so marked. However, in few cases of Coenurus cerebralis infection the bones of the skull were found to become thin and soft. The hydatid cysts were found to develop in the vital organs by replacing the tissues, thus impairing normal functions.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.101-120
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• 2014

The nature of the exotic stellar corpses which reincarnate by consuming their companion is reviewed. Apart from sucking life from their partners, they are actually eating the doomed companions away by their deadly and powerful particle/radiation beams. Such situation resembles that a female "black widow" spider that eats its mate after mating. These celestial zombies are called - Millisecond pulsars (MSPs). In this review article, I will focus on the effort of Fermi Asian Network (FAN) in exploring these intricating objects over the last five years. Two special classes of MSPs are particularly striking. Since Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope has started surveying the gamma-ray sky, the population of "black widows" has been boosted. Another dramatic class is so-called "redbacks" (Australian cousin of "black widows") which has just emerged in the last few years. These MSPs provide us with a long-sought missing link in understanding the transition between accretion-powered and rotation-powered systems. The strategy of hunting MSPs through mulitwavelength observations of the unidentified Fermi objects is also reviewed.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.221-229
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• 2012

Hybrid of red seabream (Pagrus major) and Japanese red seabream (Pagrus major) grew rapidly from to August (WT $19.7^{\circ}C{\sim}24.0^{\circ}C$) while black seabream (Acanthopagrus major) did from September to October (WT $19.9{\sim}23.0^{\circ}C$). Survival rate of hybrids (85.5%) was a significantly higher than those of the other fish species (20%). Green liver syndrome were observed in black sea bream and Japanease red seabream but did not in hybrids. Microcotyle tai infected 0~90% in hybrid, 20~100% in red seabream, 10% in black sea bream and 20~100% in Japanese red seabream but no significant difference was found among each fish species.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.387-394
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• 2012

Fertilization rates were over 90% when sperm from black porgy Acanthopagrus schlegelii acclimated and raised in freshwater and black porgy raised in seawater were fertilized with eggs from female black porgy raised in seawater, although cryopreserved sperm were significantly lower in fertilization rates than non-cryopreserved sperm. From the observations of embryos development at different salinities (0, 10, 20 and 32 psu) within 3 hours upon fertilization (16 cell stage), all were dead at 0 psu. However, the development process and speed at 10 and 20 psu were the same as at 32 psu. But, many developing embryos were egg envelope injury at low-salinities of 10 and 20 psu unlike at 32 psu. This is attributable to osmotic shock. Hatching rate of embryos at 32 psu was 60% or so, whereas low as 5% or less were successfully hatched at 10 and 20 psu, implying that osmotic shock could be responsible for the failure of embryo development.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.1188-1195
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• 2001

A tetraparental chimeric bull was successfully produced by aggregating bovine IVF embryos of F1 (female Holstein${\times}$male Japanese Black) and F1(female Japanese Brown${\times}$male Limousin) and culturing in vitro without the zona pellucida at Yamaguchi Research Station in Japan. In the microsatellite genotyping, 12% (28/228) microsatellite primer sets ware potentially useful for this parentage analysis in the chimeric bull, 78.6% (22/28) of microsatellite present in the chimeric bull were uniquely contributed from the Japanese Black and 21.4% (6/28) from Limousin. This chimeric bull semen was used in producing IVF embryos. The chromosome preparations were made from peripheral lymphocytes. Based on chromosome analysis the Chimera had apparently normal chromosomes (29 acrocentric pairs, one large sub metacentric X chromosome and one small sub metacentric Y chromosome). The proportion of acrosome reacted spermatozoa after 1 h of incubation was higher (p<0.01) with the Chimera than with the Holstein and in Japanese Brown bulls. But did not differ from Japanese Black and Limousin bull sperm. Fertilization rates observed after 5 h of sperm-oocyte incubation with Chimera sperm were higher (p<0.05) than with Japanese Brown and (p<0.01) than with Holstein sperm, but did not differ from Japanese Black and Limousin sperm. The cleavage rates of IVF oocytes inseminated with Chimera sperm were also higher (p<0.001) compared with Holstein, (p<0.01) Japanese Brown and (p<0.05) Limousin, but did not differ from Japanese Black sperm. The blastocyst rates of IVM oocytes inseminated with sperm were higher (p<0.05) than in Limousin, Japanese Brown and Holstein, but did not differ from Japanese Black. Chimeric cattles were produced by aggregation of parthenogenetic (Japanese Brown) and in vitro fertilized (Holstein) bovine embryos at the Yamaguchi Research Station in Japan and by aggregation of parthenogenetic (Red Angus) and in vitro fertilized (Holstein) embryos at the St. Gabriel Research Station in Louisiana. The aggregation rate of the reconstructed demi-embryos cultured in vitro without agar embedding was significantly lower than with agar embedding. The aggregation was also lower when the aggregation resulted from a whole parthenogenetic and IVF-derieved embryos cultured without agar than when cultured with agar. The development rate to blastocysts, however, was not different among the treatment. To verify parthenogenetic and the cells derieved from the male IVF embryos in blastocyst formation, 51 embryos were karyotyped, resulting in 27 embryos having both XX and XY chromosome plates in the same sample, 14 embryos with XY and 10 embryos with XX. The viability and the percentage of zonafree chimeric embryos at 24 h following cryopreservation in EG plus T with 10% PVP were significantly greater than those cryopreserved without PVP. Pregnancies were diagnosed in both stations after the transfer of chimeric blastocysts. Twin male and single chimeric calves were delivered at the Yamaguchi station, with each having both XX and XY chromosomes detected. Three pregnancies resulted from the transfer of 40 chimeric embryos at the Louisiana station. Two pregnancies were Jost prior to 4 months and one phenotypically chimeric viable male born.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.306-313
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• 2019

It is important to identify the most suitable anesthetic agent that has minimal side effects to be able to control and perform surgeries on bears. In this study, we examined and compared the induction and recovery times as well as the physiological changes occurring during anesthesia induced by medetomidine-zolazepam/tiletamine (MZT) and xylazine-zolazepam/tiletamine (XZT) at general anesthesia for laparoscopic salpingectomy in 326 female Asiatic black bears. The body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, and levels of PaO₂ and EtCO₂ were the physiological changes measured during surgical procedures in female bears after anesthesia. In addition, the levels of pO₂, pCO₂, and sO₂ were measured using a portable blood gas analyzer. To induce recovery from anesthesia, bears anesthetized with MZT were intravenously administered atipamezole and bears anesthetized with XZT were intravenously administered yohimbine. The combination MZT, at dosages of 0.019 ± 0.001 mg/kg for medetomidine and 1.4 ± 0.1 mg/kg for ZT, or the combination XZT, at dosages of 2.0 ± 0.1 mg/kg for xylazine and 3.0 ± 0.1 mg/kg for ZT, proved to be reliable and effective in anesthetizing Asiatic black bears for a 40-min handling period for routine clinical procedures. The average anesthesia induction times were 16.5 ± 0.95 min for the bears in the MZT group and 12.0 ± 0.44 min for those in the XZT group. A significant difference was noted between the two drugs (P < 0.001) in terms of the average anesthesia induction time. The anesthesia induction time was shorter for bears with lower body weights than those with higher body weights (P < 0.05). The recovery time of MZT was significantly faster than that of XZT (11.3 ± 0.45 min vs. 18.5 ± 0.83 min) (P < .001). The bears anesthetized with MZT exhibited lower cardiopulmonary suppression than those anesthetized with XZT (P < 0.05). The body temperatures and EtCO₂ of bears in the M ZT group were significantly lower than those in the XZT group as time progressed after anesthesia (P < 0.05). The average pO₂ before the bears were supplied with oxygen was 64.8 ± 3.7 mmHg, but it increased to 211.5 ± 42.5 mmHg afterwards (P < 0.001). In conclusion, our results indicate that bears anesthetized with MZT have longer anesthesia induction time, shorter recovery time, slower heart and respiratory rates, and lower body temperatures and EtCO₂ than those anesthetized with XZT. These findings suggest that XZT is preferable to MZT, warranting further research on its uses and clinical responses in bears.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2021

This study sought to reveal spawning period and sex inversion of black seabream, Acanthopagrus schlegelii collected off the coast of Tongyeong, Korea. The monthly gonodosomatic index (GSI) showed the same pattern of between both sexes, and it was estimated that black seabream spawned once a year (between April and May). Histological examination revealed the transition from male to female sex, size of fork length bisexual gonad with ovarian (primary hermaphrodite; progress from male to female, MF) was seen at 20.5 to 39.6 cm and bisexual gonad with testicular (post hermaphrodite; female development and Male degeneration, FM) was seen at 26.4 to 50.2 cm. The egg diameters was in the range of 0.02 to 0.60 mm, with the smallest average egg diameter of 0.09 mm in February, the highest average egg diameters of 0.43 mm in August, and the range of fecundity was number of eggs 277,148 (33.9 cm) to 2,772,421 (34.1 cm).

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.336-340
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• 2004

This is the result of the comparison of the number of jeans, colors, images, opinions when it was purchased, shapes according to the gender of persons in jeans. According to the gender, male students had 1.64 jeans(46.3%) and female students had 2.09 jeans(53.7%) on the average. Male students selected colors of jeans which they don't have, but want to wear once in the order of blue(3.7%), red(21.0%), white(24.1%), black(25.6%), and others(25.6%). Female students selected colors in the order of blue(3.2%), black(15.6%), red(24.8%), white(27.7%) and others(25.6%). In case of the general image about jeans, male students thought the jeans as masculine(1.2%), sexy(3.1%), unisexual(3.2%), active(23.6%), young(29.8%), and comfortable(36.5%) and female students thought it as masculine(0.3%), sexy(3.5%), unisexual(10.4%), young(21.9%), comfortable(28.1%) and active(35.8%). Male students considered torn or holed jeans ill-mannered(10.7%), delinquent, (20.7%)trendy(21.0%), comfortable(22.9%), and dandy(24.7%). Female students think it ill-mannered(3.4%), delinquent7.1%, trendy(17.4%), comfortable(21.1%), and dandy(50.9%). When they purchase jeans, male students choose according to trends(17.9%), don't consider design(19.5%) and look for their own styles(62.6%), female students didn't consider design(5.2%), choose according to trends(22.0%), and look for their own styles(72.5%). The designs of jeans which they usually wear were bell bottom(1.5%), wide-shaped(7.4%), baggy(17.5%), straight-shaped(73.6%) in case of male students. on the other hand, in case of female students, baggy(10.2%), wide-shaped(11.0%), bell bottom(17.0%), and straight-shaped(61.8%). The designs of jeans which they didn't have but want to wear once are wide-shaped(10.1%), bell bottom(13.2%), baggy(20.9%), and straight-shaped(55.2%) in case of male students. On the other hand, females students want to wear baggy(11.6%), wide-shaped(15.0%), straight-shaped(27.6%), and bell bottom(45.8%). The above-mentioned findings illustrated that both male and female students regarded blue as the original color of jeans, but they wanted to wear jeans in colors other than blue. In the past, jeans were considered masculine and unisex, but they viewed jeans as an apparel that was comfortable to wear and made it easier to move. Female students had a higher tendency to be fashionable than male students, and their preference for jeans was consequently different. Jeans manufacturers should take those characteristics into account to produce products in different colors and form.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1007-1019
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of achromatic shirt and chromatic tie combination on image of menswear. This experiment was designed by shirt color(N9, N7, N4, N2), tie color(red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple), tie tone(vivid, light, dull, dark), and perceiver gender(a male, a female). The experimental materials developed for this study were a set of stimulus and response scales. The stimuli were 96 upper body photographs and 26 7-point bi-polar adjectives were used to evaluate the image. The subjects of this research were 480 male and 480 female college students. The data was analyzed by using SPSS program. Analysis methods were four-way ANOVA. The items of the adjectives were classified into 4 image factor: potency, activity, attractiveness, and visibility. Shirt color, tie color, tie tone influenced on the 4 image dimension greatly by interaction as well as independently. Dull or dark tone tie had an effect on the formation of potency image. And white color shirt, vivid or light tone tie had an effect on the formation of activity image. White or black shirt had a positive effect on attractiveness, and black shirt or vivid tone tie was effective for visible image.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.159-165
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• 2009

House-residual spraying and insecticide-treated bed nets have achieved some success in controlling anthropophilic and endophagic vectors. However, these methods have relatively low efficacy in Korea because Anopheles sinensis, the primary malaria vector, is highly zoophilic and exophilic. So, we focused our vector control efforts within livestock enclosures using ultraviolet black light traps as a mechanical control measure. We found that black light traps captured significantly more mosquitoes at 2 and 2.5 m above the ground (P<0.05). We also evaluated the effectiveness of trap spacing within the livestock enclosure. In general, traps spaced between 4 and 7m apart captured mosquitoes more efficiently than those spaced closer together (P>0.05). Based on these findings, we concluded that each black light trap in the livestock enclosures killed 7,586 female mosquitoes per trap per night during the peak mosquito season (July-August). In May-August 2003, additional concurrent field trials were conducted in Ganghwa county. We got 74.9% reduction (P<0.05) of An. sinensis in human dwellings and 61.5% reduction (P>0.05) in the livestock enclosures. The black light trap operation in the livestock enclosures proved to be an effective control method and should be incorporated into existing control strategies in developed countries.