• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.3-17
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• 2021

Purpose: The pathology of peri-implantitis is still not fully understood and there have been recent challenges to the consensus on its aetiology and pathology, especially in comparison with periodontitis. The assessment of biomarkers allows a comparison of the pathology of these diseases. The aim of this systematic review was to answer the research question: "Is there a difference in the biomarkers associated with peri-implantitis compared with periodontitis in adult humans?" Methods: Electronic databases were searched and screened, and a manual search was also undertaken. The inclusion criteria were adults with peri-implantitis who had been compared to adults with periodontitis with the outcome of biomarkers assessed via biopsies or crevicular fluid samples in primary or secondary care settings, as recorded in case-control, case series and retrospective, prospective and cross-sectional observational studies. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts and assessed full text articles for eligibility and inclusion. Both reviewers independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias. Differences in biomarker levels were the primary outcome and a narrative review was undertaken due to the heterogeneity of studies. Results: In total, 2,374 articles were identified in the search, of which 111 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility and 13 were included in the qualitative synthesis. Five of the 13 included studies were deemed to be at high risk of bias, with the others having moderate risk. All studies were cross-sectional and performed at university hospitals. Nine of the 13 included studies found significant differences in the levels of biomarkers or their ratios between periimplantitis and periodontitis. Four of the studies found no significant differences. Conclusions: Within the limitations of the included studies, it appears that there may be a difference in biomarker levels and ratios between peri-implantitis and periodontitis, suggesting that these disease processes are somewhat distinct.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.84-94
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• 2022

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) is a standard therapy used for locally advanced rectal cancer prior to surgery, which can more effectively reduce the locoregional recurrence rate and radiation toxicity compared to postoperative chemoradiotherapy. The response of patients to nCRT varies, and thus, robust biomarkers for predicting a pathological complete response are necessary. This study aimed to identify possible biomarkers involved in the complete response/non-response of rectal cancer patients to nCRT. Comparative proteomic analysis was performed on rectal tissue samples before and after nCRT. Proteins were extracted for label-free proteomic analysis. Western blot and real-time PCR were performed using rectal cancer cell line SNU-503 and radiation-resistant rectal cancer cell line SNU-503R80Gy. A total of 135 up- and 93 down-regulated proteins were identified in the complete response group. Six possible biomarkers were selected to evaluate the expression of proteins and mRNA in SNU-503 and SNU-503R80Gy cell lines. Lyso-phosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 2, annexin A13, aldo-ketose reductase family 1 member B1, and cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide appeared to be potential biomarkers for predicting a pathological complete response to nCRT. This study identified differentially expressed proteins and some potential biomarkers in the complete response group, which would be further validated in future studies.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.175-190
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• 2011

Objectives: Even though there has been no consensus on the concept of viscera organ between the oriental and western medicine, we tried to investigate the correlation between clinical biomarkers of five Jang and chronological age and develop the models for predicting five Jang biological ages by statistical analysis. Methods: We obtained data from about 120,000 subjects who visited health promotion centers for health promotion and disease prevention from January 2004 to June 2009. Participants were included if they were over 20 years old, and excluded if reported to have cardiovascular disease or other serious medical illness such as cancer, malignant hypertension, uncontrolled diabetes, cardiopulmonary insufficiency, liver disease, pancreatic disease or renal disease. Among the clinical biomarkers obtained, we selected the biomarkers which were associated with the function of 5 Jang in previous studies, or showed statistically significant correlation with age. Multiple regression models were used for building prediction models of biological age after adjusting for potential confounders for men and women, respectively. Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to examine the linear relationship between age and various biomarkers, and multiple regression analysis was used for building the prediction models of five Jang biological ages for men and women, respectively. All statistical data analysis was performed by using SPSS Version 12.0 software and statistical significance was obtained if p<0.05. Results: For males, the best models were developed using 12, 2, 8, 3, and 4 biomarkers for predicting biological ages of heart, lung, liver, pancreas, and kidney, respectively (R2 = 0.57, 0.43, 0.11, 0.24, and 0.93, respectively). Similar to males, for the females, 10, 2, 8, 3, and 4 biomarkers were selected as the models respectively (R2 = 0.76, 0.44, 0.14, 0.38, and 0.89, respectively). Conclusions: As we have developed for the first time the models for predicting five Jang biological ages with common clinical biomarkers, it is expected that these models may be used as clinical supplementary tools in the evaluation of aging status and functional decline of five Jang according to age in health promotion centers and private clinics. At the same time, it is considered that the use as objective tools to evaluate aging status and functional decline of each Jang.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.31-34
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• 2003

The monitoring of genotoxic effect or oxidative DNA damage in workers exposed to hazardous materials is increasingly applied for hazard identification or risk assessment purposes in workplaces. The current generation of biomarkers has the potential to allow for the earlier detection of occupational disease, for the reduction of misclassification of exposure and outcome. (omitted)

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.341-347
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• 2020

Objectives: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common types of head and neck cancer. MicroRNAs, as new biomarkers, are recommended for diagnosis and treatment of different types of cancers. Bevacizumab, sold under the trade name Avastin, is a humanized whole monoclonal antibody that targets and blocks VEGF-A (vascular endothelial growth factor A; angiogenesis) and oncogenic signaling pathways. Materials and Methods: This study comprised 50 cases suffering from OSCC and 50 healthy participants. Peripheral blood samples were collected in glass test tubes, and RNA extraction was started immediately. Expression levels of miR-155, miR-191, and miR-494 biomarkers in the peripheral blood of OSCC-affected individuals and healthy volunteers in vivo were evaluated using real-time PCR. The influence of Avastin on the expression levels of the aforementioned biomarkers in vitro and in the HN5 cell line was also investigated. Results: Expression levels of miR-155, miR-191, and miR-494 in the peripheral blood of individuals affected by OSCC were higher than in those who were healthy. Moreover, Avastin at a concentration of 400 μM caused a decrease in the expression levels of the three biomarkers and a 1.5-fold, 3.5-fold, and 4-fold increase in apoptosis in the test samples compared to the controls in the HN5 cell line after 24, 48, and 72 hours, respectively. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate that overexpression of miR-155, miR-191, and miR-494 is associated with OSCC, and Avastin is able to regulate and downregulate the expression of those biomarkers and increase apoptosis in cancerous cells in the HN5 cell line.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.85-91
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• 2014

Deoxynivalenol (DON) and related trichothecene mycotoxins are extensively distributed in the cereal-based food and feed stuffs worldwide. Recent climate changes and global grain trade increased chance of exposure to more DON and related toxic metabolites in poorly managed production systems. Monitoring the biological and environmental exposures to the toxins are crucial in protecting human and animals from toxicities of the hazardous contaminants in food or feeds. Exposure biomarkers including urine DON itself are prone to shift to less harmful metabolites by intestinal microbiota and liver metabolic enzymes. De-epoxyfication of DON by gut microbes such as Eubacterium strain BBSH 797 and Eubacterium sp. DSM 11798 leads to more fecal secretion of DOM-1. By contrast, most of plant-derived DON-glucoside is also easily catabolized to free DON by gut microbes, which produces more burden to body. Phase 2 hepatic metabolism also contributes to the glucuronidation of DON, which can be useful urine biomarkers. However, chemical modification could be very typical depending on the anthropologic or genetic background, luminal bacteria, and hepatic metabolic enzyme susceptibility to the toxins in the diet. After toxin exposure, effect biomarkers are also important in estimating the linkage and mechanisms of foodborne diseases in human and animal population. Most prominent adverse effects are demonstrated in the DON-induced immunological and behavioral disorders. For instance, acutely elevated interleukin-8 from insulted gut exposed to dietaty DON is a dominant clinical biomarker in human and animals. Moreover, subchronic exposure to the toxins is associated with high levels of serum IgA, a biological mediator of IgA nephritis. In particular, anorexia monitoring using mouse models are recently developed to monitor the biological activities of DON-induced feed refusal. It is also mechanistically linked to alteration of serotoin and peptide YY, which are promising biomarkers of neurological disorders by the toxins. As animal-alternative biomonitoring, huamn enterocyte-based assay has been developed and more realistic gut mimetic models would be useful in monitoring the effect biomarkers in resposne to toxic contaminants in the future investigations.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 2019

Recently, the rapid growth of the companion animal market has led to the development of animal disease diagnosis kits. Therefore, the utility of the introduction of biomarkers for the development of animal molecular diagnostics is being reevaluated. A good biomarker should be precise and reliable, distinguish between normal and diseased states, and differentiate between different diseases. Recently reported genetic markers, tumor markers (cell free DNA, circulating tumor cells, granzyme, and skin tumors), and others (brucellosis, programmed death recovery-1, symmetric dimethylarginine, periostin, and cysteinyl leukotrien) have been developed. The biomarkers are used for risk prediction or for the screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of disease progression. The most important criteria for related biomarkers are disease specificity. Many potential biomarkers have emerged from laboratory and test studies, but they have not been validated in independent or large-scale clinical studies. Candidate biomarkers evaluate disease associations, verify the effectiveness of biomarkers for early detection and disease progression, and incorporate them into humans and animals. In the future, it will be necessary to reevaluate the utility of well-structured biomarker-based research and study the development of kits that can be used in on-site tests in accordance with the trends introduced in the diagnosis of animal diseases.

• BMB Reports
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.133-140
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• 2012

Cancers claim millions of lives each year. Early detection that can enable a higher chance of cure is of paramount importance to cancer patients. However, diagnostic tools for many forms of tumors have been lacking. Over the last few years, studies of chimeric RNAs as biomarkers have emerged. Numerous reports using bioinformatics and screening methodologies have described more than 30,000 expressed sequence tags (EST) or cDNA sequences as putative chimeric RNAs. While cancer cells have been well known to contain fusion genes derived from chromosomal translocations, rearrangements or deletions, recent studies suggest that trans-splicing in cells may be another source of chimeric RNA production. Unlike cis-splicing, trans-splicing takes place between two pre-mRNA molecules, which are in most cases derived from two different genes, generating a chimeric non-co-linear RNA. It is possible that trans-splicing occurs in normal cells at high frequencies but the resulting chimeric RNAs exist only at low levels. However the levels of certain RNA chimeras may be elevated in cancers, leading to the formation of fusion genes. In light of the fact that chimeric RNAs have been shown to be overrepresented in various tumors, studies of the mechanisms that produce chimeric RNAs and identification of signature RNA chimeras as biomarkers present an opportunity for the development of diagnoses for early tumor detection.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.83-92
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• 2003

Several self-administered dietary assessment questionnaires have recently been developed, validated, and used in nutritional epidemiological and clinical studies in Japan. This article describes recent evidence on development and validation of them. After extensive search of published articles both in English and Japanese languages, we identified 25 articles on 13 questionnaires of which validation studies have existed. Number of foods/menus assessed varied from 31 to 169 according to questionnaires. Eleven questionnaires were food frequency type, either with fixed portion size or semiquantitative, and two diet history types. All the 13 questionnaires were validated against intakes assessed with dietary record or 24-hour recall, and only two with biomarkers. Number of subjects used in the studies was between 23 and 350. All the studies used adult subjects. In the studies with dietary record or recall, the correlation coefficient for or orgy intake was between 0.22 and 0.65 (median = 0.44). Median correlation coefficient for nutrients was between 0.21 and 0.61. In the studies with biomarkers, serum marine-origin n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and carotenes, and urinary potassium seemed useful biomarkers. In conclusion, recent progress of this field in Japan is remarkable. But more research is needed for validation studies with biomarkers, and the development and validation of questionnaires for children and elderly subjects. (J Community Nutrition 5(2) : 83∼92,2003)

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.165-171
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• 2009

Biomarkers indicating past exposure to radiation have not yet been entirely satisfactory. In this study, we validated several genes reported as radiation response genes, as biomarkers to detect past exposure to radiation in occupationally exposed workers, especially workers in the medical field. A total of 54 radiation workers in hospital were investigated for radiation exposure dose. Their average radiation dose of recent one year was 1.09 mSv ($\pm$1.63) with a 10.63 mSv ($\pm$12.91) cumulative dose. The results of the multiple regression analysis for the various variables indicate that the Hsc70 (P=0.0292) and ORAL (P=0.0045) may be candidate biomarkers for the recent 1 year radiation exposure in radiation workers, whereas AEN (P=0.0334) and PGAMI (P=0.0003) might be for cumulative exposure.