• 한국연초학회지
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.58-67
• /
• 2009

Biomarkers could be critical and useful tools for assessing the biological effects of smoking and detecting differences between potentially reduced exposure product (PREP) and conventional cigarettes. Smoking-related biomarkers can be classified into three categories as biomarkers of exposure, biomarkers of effects, and biomarkers of potential harm. When compared with the biomarkers of effects or harm, the biomarkers of exposure for chemical constituents of cigarette smoke are well established and characterized. In addition, they could offer the important information in understanding how cigarette smoke interacts with biological molecules and causes the disease to human. Therefore, we provide an overview of 6 biomarkers of exposure (Nicotine and nicotine metabolites, Carboxyhaemoglobin, NNAL (4-(methylnitrosoamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol) and NNAL - glucuronide, 3-Hydroxypropyl-mercapturic acid, and Monohydroxy-butenyl-mercapturic acids, and Urine mutagenicity) which were validated through extensive research and clinical experience. These reliable biomarkers could help identify the efficacy of PREP by predicting early toxicological effects and lead to improve it.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.137-142
• /
• 1989

인삼 에칠아세테이트 추출 분획을 silica gel column chromatography하여 Fr. I, Fr. II 및 Fr. III으로 나눈 다음 항암제 투여로 조혈기능이 억제된 흰쥐에 투여해 본 결과 Fr. III이 감소된 백혈구 및 적혈구 수를 90%까지 회복시켰다. Fr. III에서 두성분을 분리하여 구조를 동정한 결과 ginsenoside $Rh_1$ 및 $Rg_2$로 확인하였다.

• 생약학회지
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.122-129
• /
• 1995

The study on phytochemical analysis and the biological activity of Kalopanacis Cortex was carried out in this research. As a phytochemical result, liriodendrin as a lignan glycoside was isolated and characterized. Two subfraction separated from the acidic substance of $CHCl_3$ fraction were saturated and unsaturated fatty acid, respectively. Saturated fatty acid mixture identified from GC-MS tool was as follows: palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, heneicosanoic acid, docosanoic acid, tricosanoic acid, tetracosanoic acid, pentacosanoic acid, hexacosanoic acid and octacosanoic acid. Unsaturated fatty acid was found to be linoleic acid on the basis of spectroscopic method. An active principle of liriodendrin exhibited significant antihepatotoxic activity but failed to show a considerable antiedemic activity. In this paper, the result of writhing test on liriodendrin was also described.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제49권2호
• /
• pp.149-152
• /
• 2006

산겨릅나무(A. tegmentosum)의 성분 연구를 위하여 줄기를 MeOH로 추출하여 $CH_2Cl_2$, n-BuOH 및 $H_2O$ 순으로 분획하였다. n-BuOH fraction에 대하여 silica gel과 RP-18 column chromatography를 행하여 2종의 화합물을 분리하였다. 이들 화합물의 구조는 spectral data를 문헌치와 비교하여 methyl gallate $4-O-{\beta}-D-glucoside(1)$와 salidroside(2)로 동정하였다. 이들 화합물은 산겨릅나무에서 처음으로 분리되었다.

• 한국광학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국광학회 2006년도 동계학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.359-360
• /
• 2006

Functional photoacoustic tomography is a new non-invasive imaging modality, and it is emerging as a very practical method for imaging biological tissue structures by means of laser-induced ultrasound. Structures with high optical absorption, such as blood vessels, can be imaged with the spatial resolution of ultrasound, which is not limited by the strong light scattering in biological tissues. By varying wavelengths of the laser light and acquiring photoacoustic images, optical absorption spectrum of each image pixel is found. Since the biochemical constituents of tissues determine the spectrum, useful functional information like oxygen saturation ($SO_2$) and total haemoglobin concentration (HbT) can be extracted. In this study, as a proof-of-principle experiment, hypoxic brain tumor vasculature and traumatic brain injury (TBI) of small animal brain are imaged with functional photoacoustic tomography. High resolution brain vasculature images of oxygen saturation and total hemoglobin concentration are provided to visualize hypoxic tumor vasculature, and hemorrhage on the cortex surface by the TBI.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제56권1호
• /
• pp.43-48
• /
• 2013

In this study, methanol extracts from 25 indigenous Korean corals were prepared and their carotenoid constituents were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-APCI-MS). Among them, extracts from nine species showed detectable peaks in the HPLC chromatogram at 450 nm and the ultraviolet/visible spectra exhibiting carotenoid-specific characteristics were chosen. The mass data of carotenoid peaks revealed that only peridinin could be identified based on literature comparison and suggested the potential presence of novel carotenoid structures. This is the first reported investigation of indigenous Korean coral carotenoids and further work is needed to explore the carotenoids and their potential roles in the ecosystem of indigenous Korean corals.

• Journal of Microbiology
• /
• 제39권2호
• /
• pp.133-138
• /
• 2001

We investigated the antagonism of indigenous bacteria isolated from stressed mussels and their extracellular metabolites on the adult zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha. Selective bacterial isolates including Aeromonas media, A. salmonicida, A. veronii, and Shewanella putrefaciens, showed strong lethality against adult mussels and 100% mortality was observed within 5 days of incubation. Bacterial metabolites, fractionated and concentrated from stationary-phase culture supernatants of these bacterial isolates, displayed varying degrees of antagonistic effects on zebra mussels. Among the three size fractions examined, <5, 5-10, and >10 kDa, the mast lethal fraction seems to be >10 kDa for three of the four isolates tested. Further chemical analyses of these size fractions revealed that the predominant constituents were polysaccharides and proteins. No 2-keto-3-deoxyoctanoic acid (2-KDO), deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) or uranic acid were detectable. Extraction of supernatants of two antagonistic isolates with polar solvent suggested that polar molecules are present in the active fraction. Our data suggest that extracellular metabolites produced by antagonistic bacteria are also involved in disease development in zebra mussels and elucidation of the mechanisms involved may offer a novel strategy for control of biofouling invertebrates.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• 제37권6호
• /
• pp.377-395
• /
• 2007

Near infrared(NIR) spectral data have been used for the noninvasive analysis of various biological samples. Nonetheless, absorption bands of NIR region are overlapped extensively. It is very difficult to select the proper wavelengths of spectral data, which give the best PCR(principal component regression) models for the analysis of constituents of biological samples. The NIR data were used after polynomial smoothing and differentiation of 1st order, using Savitzky-Golay filters. To find the best PCR models, all-possible combinations of available principal components from the given NIR spectral data were derived by in-house programs written in MATLAB codes. All of the extensively generated PCR models were compared in terms of SEC(standard error of calibration), $R^2$, SEP(standard error of prediction) and SECP(standard error of calibration and prediction) to find the best combination of principal components of the initial PCR models. The initial PCR models were found by SEC or Malinowski's indicator function and a priori selection of spectral points were examined in terms of correlation coefficients between NIR data at each wavelength and corresponding concentrations. For the test of the developed program, aqueous solutions of BSA(bovine serum albumin) and glucose were prepared and analyzed. As a result, the best PCR models were found using a priori selection of spectral points and the final model selection by SEP or SECP.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제49권1호
• /
• pp.24-27
• /
• 2006

Four ursane-type triterpenoids, 2${\alpha}$,3${\alpha}$,19${\alpha}$-trihydroxy-24-norurs-4(23),12-dien-28-oic acid (1), 4(R),23-epoxy-2${\alpha}$,3${\alpha}$,19${\alpha}$-trihydroxy-24-norurs-12-en-28-oic acid (2), myrianthic acid (3), and tormentic acid (4), and a phenolic compound, ethyl gallate (5), from an EtOAc-soluble extract of the stems of Rumex japonicus, were subjected to in vitro bioassays to evaluate advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and rat lens aldose reductase (RLAR) inhibitory activity. Compounds 1 and 5 exhibited a significant inhibitory activity on AGEs formation with $IC_{50}$ value of 87 ${\mu}M$ and on RLAR with $IC_{50}$ value of 14.3 ${\mu}M$, respectively. Ethyl gallate (5) was isolated for the first time from this plant.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제50권1호
• /
• pp.72-76
• /
• 2007

대표적인 스핑고지질인 글리코실세라미드의 생리적 기능을 조사하기 위하여 쌀겨 추출물로부터 cerebroside를 분리하였다. 정제하지 않은 글리코실세라미드를 flash system 칼럼으로 분리한 후 ELSD를 검출기로 사용하여 순상 HPLC로 정제하였다. 클로로포름 : 메탄올 : 증류수(99:11:1, v/v/v)을 용출용매로 사용하여 주요 cerebroside를 얻을 수 있었고, MALDI/TOF-MS, FAB-MS, GC, 600MHz $^1$H-NMR로 구조를 분석하였다. 구성당은 글루코오스였고 cerebroside의 구성 지방산은 2-hydroxy-arachidic산이었다. 장쇄 염기는 sphinga-4,8-dienine이었다.