• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.156-162
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• 2016

Iridoid glycosides (mainly geniposide) and crocetin derivatives (crocins) are the two major active constituents in Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. In the present study, geniposide, crocins, crocin-1 and crocetin were separated from gardenia chromatographically. Then, mice were orally administrated with geniposide (400 mg/kg b.w.), crocins (400 mg/kg b.w.), crocin-1 (400 mg/kg b.w.) and crocetin (140 mg/kg b.w.) once daily for 7 days with $CCl_4$. Hepatoprotective properties were evaluated by biochemical parameters: Administration of geniposide, crocins, crocin-1and crocetin significantly lowered serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in $CCl_4$-treated mice. The reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) activities were also increased by geniposide, crocins, crocin-1 and crocetin. Histopathological examination of livers showed that these components reduced deformability, irregular arrangement and rupture of hepatocyte in $CCl_4$-treated mice. These biochemical results and liver histopathological assessment demonstrated that geniposide, crocetin derivatives and crocetin show comparative beneficial effects on $CCl_4$-induced liver damage via induction of antioxidant defense. Therefore, contents of geniposide and crocetin derivatives should be both considered for hepatoprotective efficacy of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.320-324
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) derived from Pleurotus eryngii on the hematological and biochemical blood properties of elk. A total of 18, two and three-year-old elk were fed three different levels of SMS (0, 15 and 20%) in a corn-wheat bran diet for 80 days. The results indicated significantly high levels of blood monocytes, hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (HCT) in elk fed 15% or 20% SMS (p<0.05) compared to control animals. Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and glucose concentrations were also significantly elevated in elk fed both 15% and 20% SMS. The inclusion of SMS in the elk diet did not affect serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, or low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol concentrations; however, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol concentration was significantly increased in SMS-fed groups. In addition, 20% SMS in the diet increased serum iron and testosterone concentrations in elk. These results indicate that adding SMS to the diet of elk can increase their Hgb, serum BUN, glucose, and HDL-cholesterol concentration; therefore, diets containing SMS may enhance the physiologic condition of elk during growth.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.171-177
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• 2016

The effects of medicinal mushroom (Sparassis crispa) powder supplementation on the rheological property of dough and the quality of bread were investigated. Naturally dried S. crispa powders (NDSCP) and freeze-dried ones (FDSCP) were prepared. Farinograph profiles of dough showed that mushroom powder addition at levels higher than 1% led to reduced dough stability suggested by decreased development time and increased weakness. The incorporation of S. crispa powders was significantly (p<0.05) lower compared to other mushrooms which might be attributed to its high content of beta-glucan. FDSCP was chosen over NDSCP because of its fragrant flavor which could be ascribed to the preservation of volatile polyphenol components. The quality of FDSCP bread was evaluated with respect to specific volume, texture, color, and organoleptic qualities. The specific volume of bread with S. crispa powder decreased compared to the control, while textural properties, such as hardness, chewiness, and gumminess, were enhanced. Sensory evaluation showed that 0.3% FDSCP incorporation presented the highest bread quality. With its daily consumption, S. crispa supplemented bread can provide consumers with multiple health benefits.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate biochemical properties and antibacterial activity of lactoferrin(Lf) obtained from the colostrum of Korean native cow. Lactoferrin was isolated from the colostrum of Korean native cow by purification steps using batch extraction, ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration chromatography, affinity chromatography. Other whey protein components that is similar molecular weight and affinity to lactoferrin were gradually removed from crude Korean Native cow's lactoferrin during the purification steps. The molecular weight of the purified Korean native cow's Lf(K-Lf) was 81 kDa, the isoelectric point was 9, and the content of iron was 0.56mg/g, which is indicated that iron saturation of the K-Lf was 40.6%. Amino acid composition and a-helix content were different K-Lf from bovine Lf(B-Lf). Antibacterial activity of E. coli O111 by K-Lf was lower than that of B-Lf. A minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) of K-Lf and B-Lf was 2.75mg/ml and 1.5mg/ml respectively.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.392-397
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• 2015

Blood chemistry values according to ages have rarely been investigated in indigenous Korean calves. The present study aimed to clarify the changes in blood chemistry values of indigenous Korean calves with age. Blood samples were collected from 29 calves (11 females and 18 males) reared at the Gyeongsangbukdo Livestock Research Institute and the levels of various chemical components in the serum were analyzed. The total protein, albumin and globulin concentration in the calves increased gradually over time. The glucose concentration increased significantly at 2 weeks after birth, and then decreased slightly 4 weeks after birth. The blood urea nitrogen concentration increased from 2 weeks after birth, and the levels in females were higher than those in males at 2 and 4 weeks after birth. The creatinine concentration decreased significantly from 2 weeks after birth, and the levels in females were higher than those in males at 2 weeks and 6 months after birth. The total bilirubin concentration decreased gradually from 2 weeks after birth. The glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase concentration increased gradually from 2 weeks after birth. The triglyceride concentration tended to increase from 2 weeks after birth. The total cholesterol concentration increased significantly at 2 weeks after birth, and then decreased slightly 4 weeks after birth. The total high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration increased significantly from 2 weeks after birth. The calcium concentration was maintained between $9.8{\pm}0.8mg/dL$ and $11.6{\pm}0.9mg/dL$ throughout the investigation period, although some levels fluctuated at 4 weeks and 6 months after birth. The phosphorus concentration increased significantly at 2 weeks after birth, and then decreased slightly 4 weeks after birth. In conclusion, the data obtained from this study may be valuable for use as a standard for interpreting results of blood biochemical analyses in indigenous Korean calves.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.122-136
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• 2023

Depression is a prevalent global problem since ages, predominately treated with SSRI. Cipralex, is an antidepressant of the SSRIs class used as a remedy for mood, depression and anxiety. Silymarin (SIL), a natural free radical scavenging, has an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This hypothesis evaluates, for the first time, the role of cipralex on the structure of the endocrine and exocrine components of the pancreas and assess the beneficial effects of SIL on these changes. Forty-five rats were divided into control, cipralex, and cipralex plus SIL groups. During sacrifice, all rats and pancreases were weighed and the ratio of pancreatic weight (PW) to rat weight (RW) was calculated, blood samples were collected to estimate fasting glucose, insulin and amylase levels, the specimens were prepared for histological, immunohistochemical (inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS], tumour necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], caspase 3, proliferating cell nuclear antigen [PCNA], and anti-insulin antibody), and morphometrical studies. Cipralex group exhibited marked destruction of the pancreatic architecture of the exocrine and endocrine parts, with a dense collagen fiber deposition. Also, there is highly significant decrease (P<0.001) of PW/RT ratio, insulin, and amylase levels, the number and diameter of islets of Langerhans, the number of PCNA positive immunoreactive cells, and the number of insulin positive β-cells. Furthermore, a highly significant increase of glucose level, iNOS, TNF-α, and caspase-3 positive immunoreactive cells in the islets of Langerhans and acinar cells were observed. SIL improves the pancreatic histological architecture, weight loss, biochemical, and immunohistochemical analyses. Administering SIL is advantageous in managing cipralex induced pancreatic injury via its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic qualities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.10
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• pp.1459-1466
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• 2010

This study was performed to identify the association between the metabolic syndrome and the biochemical measurements and nutrient intakes. A total of 1,431 people (533 males, 898 females) aged over 45 years living in Andong rural area participated in this study in 2003. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), $\gamma$-glutamyl transferase ($\gamma$-GT) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels in metabolic syndrome were significantly higher than those in normal group. In multiple logistic regression, those biochemical measurements were found to be positively associated with the metabolic syndrome as the adjusted odds ratios (OR) 1.839 (p<0.001) by AST, 2.302 (p<0.01) by ALT, 2.143 (p<0.001) by $\gamma$-GT, and 1.874 (p<0.001) by TBARS. We also found that the increased level of those measurements tended to be strongly associated with high triglyceride among the metabolic syndrome components. However, the nutrient intakes between the metabolic syndrome and the normal group were not significantly different. Also, we could not find any nutrient intakes significantly associated with the metabolic syndrome, except high carbohydrate intake (>70% of kcal) compared to normal intake (55~70% of kcal) showed OR 0.781 (p<0.05). In analyzing the association of nutrient intakes with metabolic syndrome components, we found that the calorie intake was negatively associated with abdominal obesity (OR 0.696, p<0.05) and high fat intake (>25% of kcal) was positively associated with low HDL-cholesterol (OR 1.864, p<0.05). This study revealed that the biochemical measurements, such as plasma AST, ALT, $\gamma$-GT, and TBARS, are associated with metabolic syndrome, but considering the nutrient intakes, we suggest that further studies are needed to identify the associations.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.601-607
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• 1997

This study was designed to investigate the biochemical pollutant marker for diagnosis of marine pollutions by the changes in lipid components of the flounder (Pleuronichthys cornutus) in the Yellow Sea of Korea. Hemoglobin levels in serum of wild flounders in the yellow Sea were significantly lower $(15\~30\%)$ than those of wild flounder in Pohang (control) of the East Sea. Triglyceride (TG) contents in serum of wild flounders in the Yellow Sea were higher $(15\~50\%)$ than those of wild flounder in Pohang. Total and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol contents in serum of flounders in the Yellow Sea were significantly higher $(20\~25\%\;and\;15\~35\%,\;respectively)$ than those of wild flounder in Pohang. Atherogenic index (Al) in serum of wild flounders in the Yellow Sea were significantly higher $(10\~60\%)$ than these of wild flounder in Pohang but T-Chol/PL ratios showed almost no change in serum of flounders in the Yellow Sea we examined. These results suggest that near-coastal water as well as neritic water of the Yellow Sea might be affected by pollutant input.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.882-888
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• 1998

This study was designed as a part of efforts to investigate the biochemical pollutant markers for diagnosis of marine pollutions by changes in lipid components of the flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) in the South Sea of Korea, Hemoglobin levels in serum of cultured flounders in the South Sea were lower ($4\~17\%$) than those of wild flounder in Pohang as a control group. Triglyceride (TG), Total and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol contents in serum of cultured flounders in the South Sea were $12\~25\%,\;9\~19\%$ and $17\~25\%$ respectively which are higher than those of wild flounder in Pohang. Atherogenic index (AI) and T-Chol/PL ratios in serum of cultured flounders in the South Sea were significantly higher($26\~43\%$ and $17\~26\%$ respectively) than those of wild flounder in Pohang. These results suggest that near-coastal water as well as neritic water of the South Sea might be affected by pollutant input as well as the Yellow Sea of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.255-258
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• 1986

This study was carried out to determine the shelf-life and quality changes of perilla leaves (Perilla ocimoides L.) in relation to changes in the concentration of biochemical components during storage. The shelf-life of perilla leaves was 2 to 3 days at room temperature and 6 days at $3^{\circ}C$. This was extended to 12 days at room temperature and 20 days at $3^{\circ}C$ by packaging in a 0.01 mm thick polyethylene film sack (PEFS). The ascorbic acid concentration of fresh perilla leaves was 23 mg per 100 g fresh weight. This declined to 16 mg per 100 g fresh weight on the 4th day of storage in all treatments. Ascorbic acid concentrations decreased further to 7 mg on the 8th day at room temperature and 8 mg per 100 g on the 16th day at $3^{\circ}C$ in PEFS. Total and reducing sugar concentrations in the controls were higher than those in the PEFS storage at room temperature. Protein and free amino acid concentrations gradually increased during storage. A higher protein level was maintained in the control than in the PEFS treatment. Changes in nucleic acid concentration and peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase activities during storage were also measured in relation to the changes in quality of perilla leaves.