• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.399-409
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• 2009

We study the weak convergence of various models to Fractional Brownian motion. First, we consider arima process and ON/OFF source model which allows for long packet trains and long inter-train distances. Finally, we figure out power spectrum density as a Fourier transform of autocorrelation function of arima model and binary signal model.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.486-492
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 기존의 CDMA 시스템에서 다중사용자 데이터 전송에 의해 발생하는 높은 PAPR 문제를 해결하기 위하여 pre-coding 기법을 이용한 2진 constant amplitude CDMA(CA-CDMA) 방식을 새롭게 제안한다. 제안하는 CA-CDMA의 기초인 4-user CA-CDMA 기법은 4명의 사용자에 대해 binary 크기의 신호를 출력하는 시스템이며, 이는 parity 신호를 이용하여 항상 $\pm$2의 크기를 갖고 길이가 4인 신호를 출력한다. Parity 신호는 입력되는 4명의 사용자 신호를 XOR한 신호로써 사용자들의 신호와 함께 전송되므로 별도의 부가채널을 필요로 하지 않으며, 수신단에서 쉽게 복원될 수 있다. 한편, 시스템 사용자 수의 확장은 4-user CA-CDMA를 반복 사용함으로써 이루어질 수 있다. 예로써 16-user의 경우, 4개의 4-user CA-CDMA를 병렬로 배치하고 각각의 4-user CA-CDMA에서 출력되는 신호를 다시 하나의 4-user CA-CDMA에 입력함으로써 쉽게 구현될 수 있다. 이는 각 4-user CA-CDMA의 출력 신호 역시 binary 신호이기에 가능하며, 동일한 방법으로 64-user, 256-user에 대해서도 2진 constant amplitude를 만족하는 출력 신호를 얻을 수 있다. 결국, 본 논문에서 제안하는 CA-CDMA는 코드율이 1이므로 전송속도나 대역폭 변화가 없으며, 항상 constant한 즉, PAPR이 항상 0 ㏈인 신호의 출력하여, 다중 사용자 전송에서도 비선형 HPA에 의한 왜곡을 방지하고 전력효율을 최대화 할 수 있다. 시뮬레이션 성능확인 결과, 기존의 CDMA가 다중 레벨의 크기를 갖는 신호를 출력하는데 반해, 제안된 2진 CA-CDMA는 항상 binary 레벨로서 신호를 출력함을 알 수 있으며, 비선형 HPA를 고려하였을 때 BER(bit error rate)이 크게 증가하는 일반 CDMA와 달리, 제안된 2진 CA-CDMA의 BER은 전혀 변하지 않음을 알 수 있다.

• 정보저장시스템학회논문집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.53-57
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• 2005

In order to measure signal quality of optical disc such as CD or DVD, jitter is used traditionally. The signal attained from a disc by optical pick-up is processed by analog circuits. And then, binary signal can be obtained by using proper silcer. After the signal is changed into binary format, jitter is calculated as a time difference between the binary signal and the reference time. Jitter is used to express the signal quality. In this paper, a new method that is able to offer more precise measurement of the signal quality fur high density optical disc than the jitter is proposed. We named it LPSNR (Level Peak Signal to Noise Ratio). The relationship between bER (bit error rate) and LPSNR is shown in the paper.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.197-202
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• 2013

Large gains in speech intelligibility can be obtained using the SNR-based binary mask approach. This approach retains the time-frequency (T-F) units of the mixture signal, where the target signal is stronger than the interference noise (masker) (e.g., SNR > 0 dB), and removes the T-F units, where the interfering noise is dominant. This paper introduces two alternative binary masks based on the distortion constraints to improve the speech intelligibility. The distortion constraints are induced by a gain function for estimating the short-time spectral amplitude. One binary mask is designed to retain the speech underestimated (T-F) units while removing the speech overestimated (T-F)units. The other binary mask is designed to retain the noise overestimated (T-F) units while removing noise underestimated (T-F) units. Listening tests with oracle binary masks were conducted to assess the potential of the two binary masks in improving the intelligibility. The results suggested that the two binary masks based on distortion constraints can provide large gains in intelligibility when applied to noise-corrupted speech.

• 센서학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.82-87
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• 2021

In this paper, we propose a high-speed, low-power complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) binary image sensor featuring a gate/body-tied (GBT) p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (PMOSFET)-type photodetector based on a double-tail comparator. The GBT photodetector forms a structure in which the floating gate (n+ polysilicon) and body of the PMOSFET are tied, and amplifies the photocurrent generated by incident light. The double-tail comparator compares the output signal of a pixel against a reference voltage and returns a binary signal, and it exhibits improved power consumption and processing speed compared with those of a conventional two-stage comparator. The proposed sensor has the advantages of a high signal processing speed and low power consumption. The proposed CMOS binary image sensor was designed and fabricated using a standard 0.18 ㎛ CMOS process.

• 센서학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.82-88
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• 2020

In this paper, we propose a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) binary image sensor with a gate/body-tied (GBT) p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (PMOSFET)-type photodetector using a double-tail comparator for high-speed and low-power operations. The GBT photodetector is based on a PMOSFET tied with a floating gate (n+ polysilicon) and a body that amplifies the photocurrent generated by incident light. A double-tail comparator compares an input signal with a reference voltage and returns the output signal as either 0 or 1. The signal processing speed and power consumption of a double-tail comparator are superior over those of conventional comparator. Further, the use of a double-sampling circuit reduces the standard deviation of the output voltages. Therefore, the proposed CMOS binary image sensor using a double-tail comparator might have advantages, such as low power consumption and high signal processing speed. The proposed CMOS binary image sensor is designed and simulated using the standard 0.18 ㎛ CMOS process.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.591-596
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• 1986

A binary continuous phase frequency shift keying (CPFSK), whose phase is a continuous function of time and instantaneous frequency is constant, is a bandwidth efficient constant envelope signalling scheme. A transmitting signal is formed by combined coding of a convolutional encoder and a binary CPFSK modulator. The signal is transmitted throuth additive white Gaussian noise(AWGN) channel. If the received signal is detected by a coherent maximum likelihood(ML) receiver, error probability can be expressed approximately in terms of minimum Euclidean distance. We propose rate 2/4 codes for the improvement of error performance without increating the data rate per bandwidth and the receiver complexity. Its minimum Euclidean distances are compared with those of rate \ulcornercodes as a function of modulation index and observation interval.

• 전기의세계
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1970

In this paper, to determine process dynamic characteristics, the correlation method for measuring the impulse response of process using a pseudo-random binary signal as the test signal instead of white noise was studied. The error caused by using the signal of Mesquence signal generator which was built up by the authors was analysed. Experments were performed on the 1st and 2nd order lag systems and the results were in good coincidence with theoretical values. It is expected that applying these results, it may be possible to develop a continuous measuring method adaptable to modern control systems.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.772-782
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• 2014

Two-microphone binary mask speech enhancement (2mBMSE) has been of particular interest in recent literature and has shown promising results. Current 2mBMSE systems rely on spatial cues of speech and noise sources. Although these cues are helpful for directional noise sources, they lose their efficiency in diffuse noise fields. We propose a new system that is effective in both directional and diffuse noise conditions. The system exploits two features. The first determines whether a given time-frequency (T-F) unit of the input spectrum is dominated by a diffuse or directional source. A diffuse signal is certainly a noise signal, but a directional signal could correspond to a noise or speech source. The second feature discriminates between T-F units dominated by speech or directional noise signals. Speech enhancement is performed using a binary mask, calculated based on the proposed features. In both directional and diffuse noise fields, the proposed system segregates speech T-F units with hit rates above 85%. It outperforms previous solutions in terms of signal-to-noise ratio and perceptual evaluation of speech quality improvement, especially in diffuse noise conditions.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제38A권6호
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• pp.512-519
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 합성 이진 옵셋 반송파를 (composite binary offset carrier: CBOC) 위한 새로운 비모호 상관함수를 제안한다. 먼저, CBOC 신호의 부반송파를 네 개의 부분 부반송파의 합으로 해석하고, 각 부분 부반송파들과 수신 신호의 부분 상관들을 생성한다. 이후 생성된 부분 상관을 재조합하여 날카로운 주 첨두를 갖는 새로운 비모호 상관함수를 생성한다. 모의실험의 결과로부터 신호 추적에 제안한 상관함수를 이용한 경우 기존 상관함수들을 이용한 경우보다 더욱 향상된 추적 오류 표준편차와 다중 경로 오류 포락선을 가짐을 확인한다.