• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2005

The range of hardware implementation increases in communication systems as high-speed processing is required for high data rate. In the broadband wireless access (BWA) system based on IEEE standard 802.16 the functions of higher part in the MAC layer to Provide data needed for generating MAC PDU are implemented in software, and the tasks from formatting MAC PDUs by using those data to transmitting the messages in a modem are implemented in hardware. In this paper, the interface hardware for efficient message exchange between MAC and PHY layers in the BWA system is designed. The hardware performs the following functions including those of the transmission convergence(TC) sublayer; (1) formatting TC PDU(Protocol data unit) from/to MAC PDU, (2) Reed-solomon(RS) encoding/decoding, and (3) resolving DL MAP and UL MAP, so that it controls transmission slot and uplink and downlink traffic according to the modulation scheme of burst profile. Also, it provides various control signal for PHY modem. In addition, the truncated binary exponential backoff (TBEB) algorithm is implemented in a subscriber station to avoid collision on contention-based transmission of messages. The VLSI architecture performing all these functions is implemented and verified in VHDL.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.267-272
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• 2011

Several reports indicated that astaxanthin and zeaxanthin have more active anticancer activity than pro-vitamin A carotenes. ${\beta}$-carotene hydroxylase is a key enzyme to synthesize zeaxanthin and astaxanthin in carotenoids biosynthesis pathway. We isolated the ChyB gene encoding ${\beta}$-carotene hydroxylase from tomato leaves. The ChyB gene (1.5Kbp) fragment was cloned into the binary vector and designated to pIG121-ChyB-tom. Agrobacterium-mediated infiltration was used for transient assay in Nicotiana benthamiana. Leaf samples were collected 0, 1, 2, 3 days after infiltration (DAI). RT-PCR result showed that the expression of ${\beta}$-carotene hydroxylase transcripts was not detected in control (0DAI), but its expression was detected after 1 DPI and increased later on. When the activity of ${\beta}$-carotene hydroxylase was measured, the 1,1-diphenyl-pricryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (27%) at 2 DAI was significantly higher than that (21%) at 0 DAI. These results indicated that anti-oxidant activity dramatically increased at 2 DAI in tobacco leaves was due to over expression of tomato ${\beta}$-carotene hydroxylase. These results can be the foundation to develop tomato cultivars with high oxy-carotenoids content using the ChyB gene transformation.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.231-239
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• 2006

In recent years, a hierarchical security architecture has been widely studied because it can efficiently protect information by allowing an authorized user access to the level of information. However, the conventional hierarchical decryption methods require several decryption keys for the high level information. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical image encryption using random phase masks and Walsh code having orthogonal characteristics. To decrypt the hierarchical level images by only one decryption key, we combine Walsh code into the hierarchical level system. For encryption process, we first perform a Fourier transform for the multiplication results of the original image and the random phase mask, and then expand the transformed pattern to be the same size and shape of Walsh code. The expanded pattern is finally encrypted by multiplying with the Walsh code image and the binary phase mask. We generate several encryption images as the same encryption process. The reconstruction image is detected on a CCD plane by a despread process and Fourier transform for the multiplication result of encryption image and hierarchical decryption keys which are generated by Walsh code and binary random phase image. Computer simulations demonstrate that the proposed technique can decrypt hierarchical information by using only one level decryption key image and it has a good robustness to the data loss such as random cropping.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.235-242
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• 2004

A system for the production of transgenic plants has been developed for Italian ryegrass(Lolium mult리orum Lam.) via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of embryogenic callus. Mature seed-derived calli were infected and co-cultured with Agrobacterium EHA101 carrying standard binary vector pIG121Hm encoding the hygromycin phosphotransferase(HPT), neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII) and intron-oontaining $\beta$g1ucuronidase( intron-GUS) genes in the T-DNA region. The effects of several factors on transformation and the expression of the GUS gene were investigated. Inclusion of 200${\mu}M$ acetosyringone(AS) in inoculation and co-cultivation media lead to a significant increase in stable transformation efficiency. Increasing Agrobacterium cell density up to 1.0 in $OD_{600}$ during infection increased transfonnation efficiency of embryogenic calli. The highest transfonnation efficiency was obtained when embryogenic calli were incoulated with Agrobacterium in the presence of 0.1% Tween20 and 200${\mu}M$ AS. Hygromycin resistant calli were developed into complete plants via somatic embryogenesis. GUS histochemical assay and PCR analysis of transgenic plants demonstrated that transgenes were integrated into the genome of Italian ryegrass.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.21-34
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• 2002

In this paper we propos a new hardware architecture of modular exponentiation using a division chain method which has been proposed in (2). Modular exponentiation using the division chain is performed by receding an exponent E as a mixed form of multiplication and addition with divisors d=2 or $d=2^I +1$ and respective remainders r. This calculates the modular exponentiation in about $1.4log_2$E multiplications on average which is much less iterations than $2log_2$E of conventional Binary Method. We designed a linear systolic array multiplier with pipelining and used a horizontal projection on its data dependence graph. So, for k-bit key, two k-bit data frames can be inputted simultaneously and two modular multipliers, each consisting of k/2+3 PE(Processing Element)s, can operate in parallel to accomplish 100% throughput. We propose a new encoding scheme to represent divisors and remainders of the division chain to keep regularity of the data path. When it is synthesized to ASIC using Samsung 0.5 um CMOS standard cell library, the critical path delay is 4.24ns, and resulting performance is estimated to be abort 140 Kbps for a 1024-bit data frame at 200Mhz clock In decryption process, the speed can be enhanced to 560kbps by using CRT(Chinese Remainder Theorem). Futhermore, to satisfy real time requirements we can choose small public exponent E, such as 3,17 or $2^{16} +1$, in encryption and verification process. in which case the performance can reach 7.3Mbps.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.415-418
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• 2000

Productivity of a rice plant is greatly influenced by salt stress. One of the ways to achieve tolerance to salinity is to transfer genes encoding protective enzymes from other organisms, such as microorganisms. The bacterial gene, mtlD, which encodes mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase (Mtl-DH), was introduced to the cytosol of a rice plant by an imbibition technique to overproduce mannitol. The germination and survival rate of the imbibed rice seeds were markedly increased by transferring the mtlD gene when it was delivered in either a pBIN19 or pBmin binary vector. When a polymerase chain reaction was performed with the genomic DNAs of the imbibed rice leaves as a template and with mtlD-specific primers, several lines were shown to contain an exogenous mtlD DNA. However, a reverse transcription (RT)-PCR analysis revealed that not all of them showed an expression of this foreign gene. This paper demonstrates that the growth and germination of rice plants transiently transformed with the bacterial gene, mtlD, are enhanced and these enhancements may have resulted from the experssion of the mtlD gene. The imbibition method empolyed in this study fulfills the requirements for testing the function of such a putative gene in vivo prior to the production of a stable transgenic plant.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.1390-1394
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• 2004

We have achieved efficient transformation system for forage-type tall fescue plants by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Mature seed-derived embryogenic calli were infected and co-cultivated with each of three A. tumefaciens strains, all of which harbored a standard binary vector pIG121Hm encoding the neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII), hygromycin phosphotransferase (HPT) and intron-containing $\beta$-glucuronidase (intron-GUS) genes in the T-DNA region. Transformation efficiency was influenced by the A. tumefaciens strain, addition of the phenolic compound acetosyringone and duration of vacuum treatment. Of the three A. tumefaciens strains tested, EHA101/pIG121Hm was found to be most effective followed by GV3101/pIG121Hm and LBA4404/pIG121Hm for transient GUS expression after 3 days co-cultivation. Inclusion of 100 $\mu$M acetosyringone in both the inoculation and co-cultivation media lead to an improvement in transient GUS expression observed in targeted calli. Vacuum treatment during infection of calli with A. tumefaciens strains increased transformation efficiency. The highest stable transformation efficiency of transgenic plants was obtained when mature seed-derived calli infected with A. tumefaciens EHA101/pIG121Hm in the presence of 100 $\mu$M acetosyringone and vacuum treatment for 30 min. Southern blot analysis indicated integration of the transgene into the genome of tall fescue. The transformation system developed in this study would be useful for Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of tall fescue plants with genes of agronomic importance.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.60-67
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• 2010

In the ubiquitous age, applications of wireless personal area network (WPAN) technology using LEDs are in progress. However, visible light communications (VLC) using the LEDs have weakness which deteriorate performance of communication because of multi-path fading that occurs propagation delay by interior walls or other things in indoor environments. In this paper, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme is adapted to decrease multi-path fading and multi-path dispersion and to provide high speed data transmission. Besides, to reduce information losses caused by optical noise (incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps, sunbeam etc.) also proposed channel coding using turbo codes. The encoding and decoding of the proposed system is described, and simulation results are analyzed. We can know that performance of proposed system is increased about 4 [dB] through the simulation results. Also, when the system take doppler effect, the system performance worsened.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.27-33
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• 2013

Conventional bar code has the appearance of line bars and spaces, called as one-dimensional bar code. In contrast, the information in two-dimensional bar code is represented by either a small, rectangular or square with the types of mosaic and Braille. The two-dimensional bar code is much more efficient than one-dimensional bar code because it can allow to store and express large amounts of data in a small space and so far there is also a little information about decoding the Data Matrix in base 256 mode. According to the ISO international standards, there are four kinds of bar code: QR code, Data Matrix, PDF417, and Maxi code. In this paper, among them, we focus on describing the basic concepts of Data Matrix in base 256 mode, how to encode and decode them, and how to organize them in detail. In addition, Data Matrix can be organized efficiently depending on the modes of numeric, alphanumeric characters, and binary system and expecially, we focus on describing how to decode the Data Matrix code by four modes.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.427-432
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• 2009

Seashore Paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) is a warm season grass and indigenous to tropical and subtropical regions of coastal areas worldwide. The species is used as feed for cattle and horses and has been very successful for golf courses worldwide. One of the most outstanding characteristics of seashore paspalum is its tolerance to saline soils compared to other warm season turfgrasses. The development of new seashore paspalum cultivars with improved traits could be facilitated through the application of biotechnological strategies. The purpose of this study was to product for herbicide resistant seashore paspalum using Arobacterium-mediated transformation and this study is the first report on transformation and herbicideresistant transgenic plants in seashore paspalum. Embryogenic calli were induced from the seeded variety of pseashore paspalum. Embryogenic calli were transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105 carrying the binary vector pCAMBIA3301 with two genes encoding gusA and bar. Transformed calli and plants were selected on medium containing 3 mg/l PPT. PCR detected the presence of the gusA and bar gene, indicating both genes are integrated into the genome of seashore paspalum. A chlorophenol red assay was used to confirm that the bar gene was expressed. By application of herbicide BASTA, the herbicide resistance in the transgenic seashore paspalum plants was confirmed.