• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.3635-3654
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• 2015

With the rapid development of smart devices and mobile Internet, the video application plays an increasingly important role on mobile devices. Understanding user behavior patterns is critical for optimized operation of mobile live streaming systems. On the other hand, volume based billing models on cloud services make it easier for video service providers to scale their services as well as to reduce the waste from oversized service capacities. In this paper, the watching behaviors of a commercial mobile live streaming system are studied in a content-centric manner. Our analysis captures the intrinsic correlation existing between popularity and watching intensity of programs due to the synchronized watching behaviors with program schedule. The watching pattern is further used to estimate traffic volume generated by the program, which is useful on data volume capacity reservation and billing strategy selection in cloud services. The traffic range of programs is estimated based on a naive popularity prediction. In cross validation, the traffic ranges of around 94% of programs are successfully estimated. In high popularity programs (>20000 viewers), the overestimated traffic is less than 15% of real happened traffic when using upper bound to estimate program traffic.

• Water for future
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.11-22
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• 1974

Comparing with Seoul city's other administrative works, the work to arrange and collect monthly water rates with 470,000 faucets is tremendous in volume and simple repetition in quality. In order to cover the shortage of handling, it is urgent for us to replace the present manual system with EDP(Electronic Data Processing) system to mechanize a series of handling works of simple repeated calculation such as water consumption, rate calculation, statistics arrangement, bills and specification of water rate by computer. When this work is completely mechanized, inspectors of water meter just turn over their checking results to the Data Center and all data are processed through Input Media(OMR Card, Punched Card) and computer for programming final bills. Then, the delivery of the bills to citizens will be the only work to be carried out. such mechanization will bring about the following benefits: 1. Improvement of administrative work by efficiency and rationalization. 2. Improvement of administrative service with people. 3. Possibility of scientific with trustworthy multi-purpose policy-making data. 4. An effect to cover the personnel shortage of 252 persons (at all the water works offices) and save manpower of 166 persons (47,619 man-days). The application of the above mentioned mechanization will be started to only Chongro and Chung-ku water works offices as model cases out of all water works offices in Seoul. As the electronic calculating machines are inducted, this system will be gradually applied to other water works offices. The billing and collection works of water rates which are connected directly to the daily life of the citizenes, should be handled by the scientific EDP system as soon as possible in order to promote the convenience of consumers and effective operation. This study is to promote the sound and rational operation of this work.

• Journal of Convergence Society for SMB
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.33-38
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• 2015

The damage to the security is increasing as public key-based ISP secure payment service is used in online banking payment system. Security technology aspect to ISP secure payment security has no special problems. But, security damage that occurs due to the simplicity of the payment system is a problem. In this paper, we propose response and plan for ISP secure payment service to minimize the damage that occurs due to the simplicity of a security settlement system. Proposed scheme is applicable to various billing systems such as secure payments, online payment, mobile payment, credit card. Proposed scheme is characterized in that can stably support the capabilities of the new billing system. Also, proposed scheme is to analyze the various security threats arising from the payment of the financial services and to describe response and plan technology.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2012.05b
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• pp.524-526
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 클라우드 서비스 확산에 필요한 유틸리티 컴퓨팅의 과금체계에 대해 살펴보았다. 클라우드 컴퓨팅에서 요구하는 조건들을 만족하는 과금정책을 제시한 후, 다양한 과금정책들을 비교 평가할 수 있는 지표로 작업 서비스 품질 만족도와 클러스터 수익성을 제시한다.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.21 no.6 s.102
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• pp.32-43
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• 2006

통신 시장의 경쟁 심화, 급속한 기술 발전은 All-IP 기반의 공통 인프라와 다양한 고품질 융합 서비스의 환경으로 패러다임을 변화시키고 있으며, 이러한 변화에 따라 IP 서비스에 대한 과금 체계 또한 진화하고 있다. 본 고에서는 그 중요성이 증대하고 있는IP 서비스의 과금 시스템에 대하여 개념과 기술 동향, 관련 표준화 활동을 살펴보고, 차세대 네트워크(BcN)를 대비한 과금 정책에 대하여 기술한다. 그리고 이와 같은 기술동향 및 과금 정책을 효과적으로 구현하기 위해 ETRI에서 개발중인 고속회선용 정밀과금 시스템을 소개한다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.87-97
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• 2005

This study deals with the analysis on the consciousness and image character of the internet shopping mall. As consciousness analysis result of internet shopping mall consumer, 'cheap price' and 'convenience' are evaluated high by reason that buy goods/service. 'Delivery delay' shows that deficiency of swiftness is indicated preferentially by shortcoming when the goods/service are purchased at the internet shopping mall. Consumer is prferring most 'deferred payment' with consumer's protection system of internet shopping mall. In image character of internet shopping mall, computer system speed and swiftness of reaction time, intimacy of shopping mall site design, delivery system trustability, goods/service contiguity, trustability of billing system, recognition shopping mall company, consistency about good service etc., showed high assessment, but comparative satisfaction is not high in solution at authoritativeness of personal information leakage prevention, problem occurrence.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.23
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• pp.111-122
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• 2016

The purpose of this multi-disciplinary convergent study is to establish Image Copyright Archive Model for Museums to protect image copyright and vitalize the use of images out of necessity of research and development on copyright services over the life cycle of art contents created by the museums and out of the necessity to vitalize distribution market of image copyright contents in creative industry and to formulate management system of copyright services. This study made various suggestions for enhancement of transparency and efficiency of art contents ecosystem through vitalization of use and recycling of image copyright materials by proposing standard system for calculation, distribution, settlement and monitoring of copyright royalty of 1,000 domestic museums, galleries and exhibit halls. First, this study proposed contents and structure design of image copyright archive model and, by proposing art contents distribution service platform for prototype simulation, execution simulation and model operation simulation, established art contents copyright royalty process model. As billing system and technological development for image contents are still in incipient stage, this study used the existing contents billing framework as basic model for the development of billing technology for distribution of museum collections and artworks and automatic division and calculation engine for copyright royalty. Ultimately, study suggested image copyright archive model which can be used by artists, curators and distributors. In business strategy, study suggested niche market penetration of museum image copyright archive model. In sales expansion strategy, study established a business model in which effective process of image transaction can be conducted in the form of B2B, B2G, B2C and C2B through flexible connection of museum archive system and controllable management of image copyright materials can be possible. This study is expected to minimize disputes between copyright holder of artwork images and their owners and enhance manageability of copyrighted artworks through prevention of such disputes and provision of information on distribution and utilization of art contents (of collections and new creations) owned by the museums. In addition, by providing a guideline for archives of collections of museums and new creations, this study is expected to increase registration of image copyright and to make various convergent businesses possible such as billing, division and settlement of copyright royalty for image copyright distribution service.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.451-456
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• 2016

Background Comprehensive aesthetic surgery training continues to be a challenge for residency programs. Our residency program developed a rhinoplasty-based objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) based upon validated methods as part of the residency education curriculum. We report our experience with the rhinoplasty-based OSCE and offer guidance to its incorporation within residency programs. Methods The encounter involved resident evaluation and operative planning for a standardized patient desiring a rhinoplasty procedure. Validated OSCE methods currently used at our medical school were implemented. Residents were evaluated on appropriate history taking, physical examination, and explanation to the patient of treatment options. Examination results were evaluated using analysis of variance (statistical significance P<0.05). Results Twelve residents completed the rhinoplasty OSCE. Medical knowledge assessment showed increasing performance with clinical year, 50% versus 84% for postgraduate year 3 and 6, respectively (P<0.005). Systems-based practice scores showed that all residents incorrectly submitted forms for billing and operative scheduling. All residents confirmed that the OSCE realistically represents an actual patient encounter. All faculty confirmed the utility of evaluating resident performance during the OSCE as a useful assessment tool for determining the Next Accreditation System Milestone level. Conclusions Aesthetic surgery training for residents will require innovative methods for education. Our examination showed a program-educational weakness in billing/coding, an area that will be improved upon by topic-specific lectures. A thoroughly developed OSCE can provide a realistic educational opportunity to improve residents' performance on the nonoperative aspects of rhinoplasty and should be considered as an adjunct to resident education.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.07b
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• pp.1079-1080
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• 2006

This paper presents the methods to save energy by using load consumption pattern analysis. Base on the substation annual power usage data, the characteristic of the substation power consumption have investigated. With this investigation effective electrical billing condition and the control target load has been determined. Most of power usage comes from the motor car, so power system and load table of motor car were reviewed. And in the metropolitan area the peak power consumption occurs at summer or winter rush hours because of its typical characteristics. From this data control point of time are determined. Through the whole study the methode to control the power Peak consumption are proposed and prototype was designed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.126-133
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• 2008

Computer and communication of based IT technology use to das that remote control, monitoring, measuring automatic gas switch, recloser located far about $20{\sim}30[km]$. For increasing efficiency billing, metering of high voltage customer use to amr system. If between das and amr interface operate when generated fault in high voltage electric equipment of customer part, amr system serve to das quickly in fault information data, correct fault location.