• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.430-440
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• 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the intake status of beverages and water in Korean adults using data from the 8th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The 'total water' intake was 2,250.6 g for men and 1,871.2 g for women. Men and women consumed an average of 314.9 g of 'total beverages', of which 'coffee' was the largest at 107.5 g, followed by 'others'(65.4 g), 'milk' (44.8 g), 'soda' (44.1 g), 'teas' (20.9 g), and 'fruits and vegetables' (18.5 g). The intake of 'plain water' was 1,059.9 g, and the intake of 'water from food' consumed was 547.3 g. The 'total water' intake decreased with increasing age in males and females (p<0.001). Both men and women showed a tendency toward increased 'total water' intake as income levels increased. 'Plain water' intake accounted for 51.4% of the 'total water' intake in males and females. The intake of all nutrients significantly increased from the Q1 group to the Q4 group by quartile ranges of total water intake. The results of this study showed that the intake of healthy water should be considered, and care and educational programs are needed, especially for older people, to ensure adequate water intake.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.350-362
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• 2021

Objectives: This study investigated an association between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake and the dietary quality of adults in Deagu, Korea. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted in 1,022 adults aged 19 ~ 49 years (502 men and 520 women) in the Deagu area of Korea. Daily intake of SSB was obtained by the food frequency questionnaire, and the dietary quality was assessed using the nutrition quotient (NQ) for Korean adults. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association between dietary quality and daily intake of SSB in adults. Results: Daily intake of SSB was 463.6 mL/d for total subjects, and the highest intakes were sweetened coffees (192.7 mL/d), followed by carbonated drinks (77.1 mL/d). Higher intake of SSB was associated with higher intake frequency of fast food or sweet and greasy bread, processed beverage, ramyon, eating out or delivery food and night snack, and also associated with lower frequency of water, breakfast intake and nutrition label checking in men or women. Men and women who had a higher intake SSB had significantly greater odds for being in the low grade of NQ (P for trend = 0.0006 for men, P for trend = 0.0007 for women), especially in the moderation factor (P for trend < 0.0001 for men and women). Conclusions: This study showed that high SSB intake was significantly associated with low dietary quality among adults. These study results suggest that nutrition education programs and guidelines should be provided to adults for improving their consumption of SSB and related diets.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.191-199
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• 2016

연구목적 청소년의 고카페인 음료(에너지 드링크) 섭취가 급격히 증가하며 사회적인 이슈가 되고 있지만 정신과적인 영향에 대해서는 아직까지 자세히 밝혀지지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 청소년의 고카페인 음료 섭취와 우울증상, 자살생각, 자살계획 및 자살시도 간의 관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 2014년 수행된 제 10차 대한민국 청소년건강행태온라인 조사에서 자기기입식 설문을 통해 고카페인 음료섭취 유무 및 섭취 용량, 우울증상, 자살생각, 자살계획, 자살시도 경험을 평가하였다. 수집된 자료를 바탕으로 변인들의 관련성을 알아보기 위해 카이제곱 검정을 시행하였고, 우울증상과 자살생각, 자살계획, 자살시도의 위험요인을 파악하기 위해 나이, 성별, 학업성취도, 가족경제수준을 보정하여 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 결 과 본 연구에서는 총 71,638명의 자료를 분석에 사용하였다. 최근 1주일 동안 고카페인 음료를 섭취한 적이 있는 청소년이 그렇지 않은 경우에 비해 우울증상(p<0.01), 자살생각(p<0.01), 자살계획(p<0.01), 자살시도(p<0.01) 경험이 통계적으로 유의하게 높았으며, 고카페인 음료 섭취 경험은 자살시도(O.R=1.99 ; 95% CI, 1.77-2.22)의 위험요인으로 나타났다. 청소년 카페인 일일 섭취권고량을 초과하는 고용량 섭취군이 저용량 섭취군에 비해 우울증상(p<0.01), 자살생각(p<0.01), 자살계획(p<0.01), 자살시도(p<0.01) 경험이 통계적으로 유의하게 높았으며, 고용량 카페인 섭취가 자살시도(O.R=4.05 ; 95% CI, 3.02-5.43)의 위험요인으로 확인되었다. 결 론 본 연구에서 청소년의 고카페인 음료 섭취는 우울증상, 자살생각, 자살계획, 자살시도 경험의 증가와 유의한 관련성이 있었으며, 일일섭취권고량을 초과하는 고용량 카페인 섭취는 자살 시도의 위험성을 높이는 요인임을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 고카페인 음료 섭취가 청소년의 심리적, 정신적 어려움과 관련될 수 있어 주의가 필요함을 강조한다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.578-587
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• 2020

본 연구는 한국 청소년의 스마트폰 사용과 가당 음료 섭취의 관련성을 파악하여 청소년 건강행위의 위험요인을 예방하고 관리하기 위한 정보제공을 목적으로 수행되었다. 2017년 한국 청소년 건강행태 조사를 기반으로 스마트폰을 사용하고 있는 54,603명의 청소년의 자료가 사용되었다. 일반적 특성, 스마트폰 사용 및 가당 음료 섭취와 관련된 변수는 익명으로 관리되는 온라인 설문 조사를 통해 수행되었다. 다변량 로지스틱 회귀분석을 통한 복합표본분석이 사용되었다. 스마트폰 사용 시간(aOR = 2.19, 95%CI = 2.05-2.34)과 커뮤니케이션을 위한 스마트폰의 사용 목적(aOR = 1.51, 95%CI = 1.43-1.60)은 주 3회 이상 탄산음료 섭취와 관련이 있었다. 또한 스마트폰 사용으로 인한 가족과의 갈등은 탄산음료 섭취와 관련이 있었고(aOR = 1.42, 95%CI = 1.33-1.51), 친구와의 갈등은 단맛 음료 섭취와 관련이 있었으며 (aOR = 1.39, 95%CI = 1.30-1.49), 학업문제 경험은 탄산음료 섭취와 관련이 있었다(aOR = 1.79, 95%CI = 1.54-2.07). 그러므로 학교와 가정에서 스마트폰 사용을 통제하고 올바른 커뮤니케이션 기술을 학습할 수 있는 환경을 조성하는 것이 청소년의 가당 음료 섭취 감소에 도움이 될 수 있다. 또한 가족과 친구와의 긍정적 관계, 학업 스트레스의 적절한 관리는 청소년의 스마트폰 사용과 관련된 부적절한 건강행위 감소에 도움이 될 수 있을 것이다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2023

본 연구의 목적은 국민건강영양조사(2021년)에서 만 6-29세 그룹이 스포츠음료 및 에너지음료 섭취빈도와 유산소 신체활동 간의 관련성을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상자의 사회인구학적 특성, 유산소 신체활동, 음료 섭취 정도는 복합 표본 기술통계로 산출하고, 집단 간 평균 차이는 교차분석, χ²-test, 이분형 로지스틱 회귀분석을 시행하였다. 고강도 유산소 활동이 스포츠음료(이온음료, 비타민음료)와 에너지음료(고카페인 음료) 섭취 빈도가 증가함으로 분석되었다(p<0.05). 중강도 유산소 신체활동에 비해 고강도 유산소 신체활동이 음료의 섭취 빈도 증가에 영향을 주는 요인으로 분석되었다. 본 연구를 바탕으로 신체활동과 음료 섭취 사이의 중요한 요소를 확인하고, 건강증진을 위한 중재 프로그램을 개발하는 데 목적을 두고 있다. 이를 통해 건강한 삶을 살 수 있도록 돕는 기초자료를 마련하고, 개인 및 사회적 관심을 높이고자 하였다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제46권11호
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• pp.1061-1066
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• 2003

목 적: 소아비만은 단기간에 전세계적으로 증가하였다. 이는 에너지 섭취 과다와 소모 부족으로 인한 에너지 불균형으로 여겨진다. 최근 다양한 종류의 음료 상품이 개발되면서 소아의 음료 섭취량이 늘고 있어 저자들은 소아비만에서 음료 섭취량을 파악하여 소아비만의 예방과 관리에 도움을 얻고자 본 조사를 실시하였다. 방 법: 2003년 5월에 서울시 송파구 내 초등학생 총 877명 (남녀비 1 : 1.02, 평균 나이 9.7세)을 대상으로 하였다. 신장과 체중을 측정하여 체질량지수를 산출하여 비만군, 과체중군, 정상군으로 나누었으며 설문지로 부모의 체질량지수, 사회경제적 요인, 3일간 섭취한 음식과 칼로리 및 음료 섭취량을 조사하였다. 음료는 우유, 요구르트 같은 기타 유제품, 탄산음료, 스포츠음료, 쥬스, 인공 착색 음료를 비롯한 기타 음료로 세분화하여 조사하였다. 음료는 우유, 요구르트 같은 기타 유제품, 탄산음료, 스포츠음료, 쥬스, 인공착색 음료를 비롯한 기타 음료로 세분화하여 조사하였다. 결 과 : 1) 대상아의 비만 유병률은 7.2%이었다. 2) 비만군의 어머니와 아버지의 체질량지수가 과체중군, 정상군에 비해서 유의하게 높았다(P<0.001). 3) 출생시 체중은 비만과 유의한 관련이 없었다(P=0.183). 가정의 월수입(P=0.266), 아버지의 학력(P=0.489), 어머니의 학력 (P=0.285)과 상관관계가 없었다. 4) 하루 총 칼로리 섭취량과 음식의 종류는 비만군, 과체중군, 정상군에서 유의한 차이가 없었다. 5) 7-9세 남아 비만군은 탄산음료, 스포츠 음료 섭취량이 다른 군에 비해 유의하게 많았다(P<0.001). 10-12세 남아 비만군은 총 음료 섭취량이 다른 군에 비해 유의하게 많았고(P=0.002), 인공 착색 음료를 비롯한 기타 음료 섭취에서 비만군이 다른 군에 비해 유의하게 많았다(P=0.012). 10-12세 여아 비만군은 기타 유제품 섭취에 있어 다른 군에 비해 유의하게 많았다 (P=0.002). 결 론 : 소아에서 음료의 과다 섭취는 비만으로 이어질 수 있다. 소아에서 음료 섭취를 조절하는 것이 최근 증가되는 비만의 유병률을 감소시킬 수 있는 한 가지 방법이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.475-488
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• 2010

The daily caffeine intake from elementary school children's favorite foods was surveyed and evaluated. Children may respond to caffeine differently from adults because they have different physiological makeup and are functionally immature. Therefore, caffeine exposure may have more serious consequences for children than for adults, irrespective of sensitivity. Their preference, perception, and intake of caffeine from children's favorite foods were investigated by questionnaire for 355 children. The order of children's preference over foods containing caffeine was ice cream and ices, confectionary, milk and milk products, and soft beverage. The daily caffeine intake of children was estimated to range from 0.16 to 917.28 mg/day, with an average of $36.04\;{\pm}\;82.7$ mg/day and $36.9\;{\pm}\;96.0$ mg/day for boys and girls, respectively. The daily caffeine intake according to body weight was $1.08\;{\pm}\;2.23$ mg/kg and $1.12\;{\pm}\;2.66$ mg/kg for boys and girls, respectively. The percentage of acceptable daily intake (ADI) of caffeine was 43.4% for boys and 44.9% for girls. The sources of caffeine for boys and girls were soft beverage (18.3 mg and 16.1 mg), milk and milk products (8.9 mg and 8.5 mg), ice cream and ices (5.7 mg and 7.3 mg), chocolate (1.6 mg and 3.2 mg), and confectionery (1.6 mg and 1.8 mg).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.496-505
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• 1991

Underweight patients were studied with respect to changes in their nutritional status before and after administration of nutritional beverage. Patients with renal hepatic or endocrine disease gastrectomy malabsorption and weight gain over past 6 months were excluded. Ten patients were participated as controls and were allowed to eat ad libitu, Twenty patients were served as case and were administered in addition to their usual diet 400ml of nutritio-nal beverage(Greenbia) high in calorie and protein for 8 weeks. In the beginning of the study most underweight patients showed depressed nutritional status in terms of calorie intake quality of protein intake and the levels of visceral protein status and serum micronut-rients. The controls consumed less amounts of calories proteins vitamins and minerals while those given the nutritional beverage exceeded their estimated energy requirement(105%) and consumed a mean of 96g protein per day. Those given nutritional beverage for 8 weeks showed significant increase in body weight(3%) hemoglobin(3.2%) hematocrit(5.4%) serum transferrin(19.4%) iron(30.1%) and zinc(20.9%) In the controls however significant improvement was not observed in any parameters compared with initial values. significant improvement was not observed in any parameters compared with initial values. This study suggests that patients with underweight can show mild nutritional deprivation nutritional support can improve their unbalanced status and prevent severe malnutrition.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.88-98
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• 1995

The Fluid and electrolytes balance in the body is of critical importance in maintaining good health. When the fluid and electrolyte imbalance is present, patients are in great danger. They must be assessed immediately by a nurse so that appropriate treatment can be started as soon as possible. Patients' fluid intake and output records contain highly important information for the diagnosis and treatment of fluid imbalance, but, these records are often inaccurate and the method of recording the fluid intake is not universal for every hospital. Be-cause they are few quantitative measurements of a patient's hydration, the need to improve the accuracy of fluid intake records is very important. However, very few studies have been done to investigate the accuracy of measurements of patients' fluid intake and output. The purpose of this study was to investigate the methods used for calculation of fluid intake which is most similar to fluid output in normal adults and hospitalized patients. This study focused on three different calculation methods for fluid intake and compared these to fluid output and developed suggestions as to the ideal way to record fluid in-take. Data for 43 hospitalized patients and 37 normal adults were analyzed. The findings of this study are as follows ; 1) In normal adults, the daily intake of water which enteres by the oral route was 2415m1 (the first method of calculation). The daily intake of water in the form of pure water or some other beverage was 1365m1 (the third method of calculation) The daily intake of water including fresh fruits and vegetables, rice, porridges, and Me m which have water content more than 80% were 2186m1 (the second method of calculation). 2) The urine output of the normal adults was 1350m1. This apprroximates the amount of fluid an adult takes in the form of pure water. 3) In patient group, the total intake of water was 2550m1 (the first method of calculation). The in-take of water in the form of pure water or as some other beverage and IV fluid was 1661m1 (the third method of calculation). The daily in-take of water including foods which have high water content was 2356m1 (the second method of calculation). 4) The urine output of the patient's group was 1728m1. This approximates the amount of fluid an adult takes in the form of pure water. 5) Investigation of the method of calculation of the patient fluid intake showed that among the 31 hospitals studied, only eight use the third method of calculation which reflects the most close value to urine output. From the results obtained in this study, it was indicated that the amount of fluid taken in the form of pure water reflects the most close value to urine output. Therefore, it can be suggested that the third method of calculation which includes water in-take only in the form of pure water or beverage should be used as patients' fluid intake record.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.567-575
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the actual conditions of intake of Korean traditional beverages in 273 female university students in Seoul, Korea. The subjects of this study consisted of 128 food and nutrition majors and 145 non-majors. Questionnaires were administered to the subjects who had an average age of 20 years. Two-hundred and nineteen students (80.2%) lived with their parents. Regarding the type of beverages subjects often drink, coffee was the most preferred (51.3%) overall, and non-majors (4.1%) were shown to drink traditional beverages more often. Regarding preference for traditional beverages, most subjects (72.5%) responded that they liked their own traditional beverage. However, for frequency of intake of traditional beverages, 48.7% answered they do not drink any traditional beverages. The reasons why subjects like traditional beverages were taste (71.7%) and health (26.3%), and the type of traditional beverages they often drink were Yulmu tea (35.9%), Sik hae (30.8%), and Yuja tea (10.6%), in order. Regardless of major, ginseng tea, jujube tea, mulberry-leaf tea, Chinese matrimony vine tea, ssanghwa tea, ginger tea, and omija tea were found to be satisfactory traditional beverages. Therefore, due to the low intake frequency, preference, and satisfaction of traditional beverages, new traditional beverages that can meet the standards of female students should be immediately developed.