• Title/Summary/Keyword: beta-function

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Relationship of Physical Impairment, function and Insulin Resistance in stroke patients

  • Choi, Young-Eun;Kim, Ji-Hye;Yun, Young-Dae
    • International Journal of Contents
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.62-66
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    • 2013
  • Insulin resistance is a risk factor for stroke or recurrent stroke. Sedentary behavior increases insulin resistance. This study aimed to identify the relationship between physical impairments and functions and insulin resistance, examining which physical impairments specifically influence insulin resistance the most. The subjects of this study were 63 stroke patients. The subject's insulin resistance and physical impairments and functions were measured using the Chedoke-McMaster Stroke Assessment (CMSA) and Stroke Impairment Assessment Set (SIAS). The study results exhibited that insulin resistance is statistically significantly related to the variable of foot according to the CMSA(r=.95, p<.05) and to the variable of lower extremity sensory function (touch) in relation to the SIAS(r=.91, p<.05). This study also revealed close correlations between insulin resistance and the variables of ankle control(${\beta}=-1.05$, p<.05) and low extremity tactile sensations(${\beta}=-1.82$, p<.05).

Biological properties of $\beta$-ketoacetoanilide chlorides against late blight of tomato (베타-케토아세트아닐라이드 염화물 유도체의 토마토 역병에 대한 작용 특성)

  • Choi, Gyung-Ja;Jang, Kyoung-Soo;Kim, Jin-Cheol;Lee, Seon-Woo;Cho, Kwang-Yun;Nam, Kee-Dal;Hahn, Hoh-Gyu
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.137-144
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    • 2004
  • [ $\beta$ ]-Ketoacetoanilide chloride derivatives containing a substituent at 4 in phenyl group (para) reduced specifically the development of tomato late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans. Among $\beta$ketoacetoanilide chloride derivatives, five (KIST163, KIST170, KIST260, KIST263, and KIST267) were selected and tested for their protective, curative, systemic, persistent activities, and disease control efficacy against tomato late blight on adult plants. They exhibited a strong l-day protective activity and $EC_{50}$ of KIST163 and KIST170 were 21.9 and $14.5{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. However, they had little curative and systemic activities. Good persistence of KIST163 and KIST170 on tomato plants were observed against P. infestans; both KIST163 and KIST170 at $100{\mu}g/mL$ showed control values more than 75% in a 7-day protective applications. In addition, the two chemicals effectively controlled the occurrence of P. infestans on adult tomato plants. These results indicate that five $\beta$-ketoacetoanilide chloride derivatives are foliar fungicides with a preventive action and KIST163 and KIST170 have a potential for the control of tomato late blight in the fields.

Estimation of Cardinal Temperatures for Germination of Seeds from the Common Ice Plant Using Bilinear, Parabolic, and Beta Distribution Models

  • Cha, Mi-Kyung;Park, Kyoung Sub;Cho, Young-Yeol
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.34 no.2
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    • pp.236-241
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    • 2016
  • The common ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) has some medicinal uses and recommended plant in closed-type plant factory. The objective of this study was to estimate the cardinal temperatures for seed germination of the common ice plant using bilinear, parabolic, and beta distribution models. Seeds of the common ice plant were germinated in the dark in a growth chamber at four constant temperatures: 16, 20, 24, and $28^{\circ}C$. For this, four replicates of 100 seeds were placed on two layers of filter paper in a 9-cm petri dish and radicle emergence of 0.1 mm was scored as germination. The times to 50% germination were 4.3, 2.5, 2.0, and 1.8 days at 16, 20, 24, and $28^{\circ}C$, respectively, indicating that the germination of this warm-weather crop increased with temperature. Next, the time course of germination was modeled using a logistic function. For the selection of an accurate model, seeds were germinated in the dark at constant temperatures of 6, 12, 32, and $36^{\circ}C$. Germination started earlier and increased rapidly at temperatures above $20^{\circ}C$. The minimum, optimal, and maximum temperatures were estimated by regression of the inverse of time to 50% germination rate, as a function of the temperature gradient. The different functions estimated differing minimum, optimal and maximum temperatures, with 5.7, 27.7, and $36.5^{\circ}C$, respectively for the bilinear function, 13.4, 25.0, and $36.6^{\circ}C$, respectively, for the parabolic function and 7.8, 25.9, and $36.0^{\circ}C$, respectively, for the beta distribution function. The models estimated that the inverse of time to 50% germination rate was 0 at 6 and $36^{\circ}C$. The observed final germination rates at 12 and $32^{\circ}C$ were 62 and 97%, respectively. Our data show that a beta distribution function provides a useful model for estimating the cardinal temperatures for germination of seed from the common ice plant.

Kinetics and Biological Function of Transforming Growth Factor-$\beta$ Isoforms in Bovine and Human Colostrum

  • CHUN, SUNG-KI;NAM, MYOUNG-SOO;GOH, JUHN-SU;KIM, WAN-SUP;HAN, YOUNG-HWAN;KIM, PYEUNG-HYEUN
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.14 no.6
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    • pp.1267-1274
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    • 2004
  • Colostrum contains various kinds of cytokines including TGF-$\beta$ that has potent regulatory effects on cells of the immune system. We compared the levels of TGF-$\beta$1 and TGF-$\beta$2 in bovine and human colostrum. Based on the isoform-specific ELISA, bovine colostrum collected on day 1 post-delivery retained $53.71{\pm}29.55\;ng/ml$ of TGF-$\beta$1 and $40.41{\pm}21.78\;{\mu}g/ml$ of TGF-$\beta$2 (n=4), while in human, $381.45{\pm}158.24\;ng/ml$ of TGF-$\beta$1 and $41.47{\pm}9.63\;ng/ml$ of TGF-$\beta$2 (n=5). Thus, dominant TGF-$\beta$ isoforms were completely opposite between human and bovine colostrum samples. The concentrations of both isoforms declined as lactation proceeded. Biological activities of the colostrum samples were determined using an MV1LU cell line. Consistent with the result from the immunoassay, TGF-$\beta$1 in human and TGF-$\beta$2 in bovine colostrum were responsible for the anti proliferative activity against MV1LU cells. Furthermore, bovine colostrum increased IgA secretion by LPS-stimulated mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells, and this effect was abrogated by either anti­TGF-$\beta$2 antibody or combined anti-TGF-$\beta$1/$\beta$2 antibody, but not by anti- TGF-$\beta$1 antibody alone. Similarly, TGF-$\beta$2 in bovine colostrum enhanced the Ig germ line (GL) promoter activity, which is the earliest event toward IgA isotype switching. Taken together, these results suggest that TGF-$\beta$ isoforms, differentially expressed in human and bovine colostrum, may promote IgA isotype production in the neonatal intestine.

Protective Effect of Sesaminol Glucosides on Memory Impairment and ${\beta}$, ${\gamma}$-Secretase Activity In Vivo (Sesaminol Glucosides의 기억력 회복능 및 ${\beta}$, ${\gamma}$-Secretase)

  • Lee, Sun-Young;Son, Dong-Ju;Ha, Tae-Youl;Hong, Jin-Tae
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.49 no.2
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    • pp.168-173
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    • 2005
  • Alzheimers disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of neurodegenerations associated with aging in the human population. This disease is characterized by the extracellular deposition of beta-amyloid (A ${\beta}$) peptide in cerebral plaques. The A ${\beta}$ peptide is derived from the ${\beta}$-amyloid precursor protein ( ${\beta}$APP). Photolytic processing of ${\beta}$APP by ${\beta}$-secretase(beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme, BASE) and ${\gamma}$-secretase generates the A ${\beta}$ peptide. Several lines of evidence support that A ${\beta}$-induced neuronal cell death is major mechanisms of development of AD. Accordingly, the ${\beta}$-and ${\gamma}$-secretase have been implicated to be excellent targets for the treatment of AD. We previously found that sesaminol glucosides have improving effect on memory functions through anti-oxidative mechanism. In this study, to elucidate possible other mechanism (inhibition of ${\beta}$-and ${\gamma}$-secretase) of sesaminol glucosides, we examined the improving effect of sesaminol glucosides in the scopolamine (1 mg/kg/mouse)-induced memory dysfunction using water maze test in the mice. Sesaminol glucosides (3.75, 7.5 mg/kg/6ml/day p.o., for 3 weeks) reversed the latency time, distance and velocity by scopolamine in dose dependent manner. Next, ${\beta}$-and ${\gamma}$-secretase activities were determined in different regions of brain. Sesaminol glucosides dose-dependently attenuated scopolamine-induced ${\beta}$-secretase activities in cortex and hippocampous and ${\gamma}$-secretase in cortex. This study therefore suggests that sesaminol glucosides may be a useful agent for prevention of the development or progression of AD, and its inhibitory effect on secretase may play a role in the improving action of sesaminol glucosides on memory function.

Dehydroevodiamine·HCl enhances cognitive function in memory-impaired rat models

  • Shin, Ki Young;Kim, Ka Young;Suh, Yoo-Hun
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.55-64
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    • 2017
  • Progressive memory impairment such as that associated with depression, stroke, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) can interfere with daily life. In particular, AD, which is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, prominently features a memory and learning impairment that is related to changes in acetylcholine and abnormal ${\beta}$-amyloid ($A{\beta}$) deposition in the brain. In the present study, we investigated the effects of dehydroevodiamine HCl (DHED) on cognitive improvement and the related mechanism in memory-impaired rat models, namely, a scopolamine-induced amnesia model and a $A{\beta}_{1-42}$-infused model. The cognitive effects of DHED were measured using a water maze test and a passive avoidance test in the memory-impaired rat models. The results demonstrate that DHED (10 mg/kg, p.o.) and Donepezil (1 mg/kg, p.o.) ameliorated the spatial memory impairment in the scopolamine-induced amnestic rats. Moreover, DHED significantly improved learning and memory in the $A{\beta}_{1-42}$-infused rat model. Furthermore, the mechanism of these behavioral effects of DHED was investigated using a cell viability assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement, and intracellular calcium measurement in primary cortical neurons. DHED reduced neurotoxicity and the production of $A{\beta}$-induced ROS in primary cortical neurons. In addition, similar to the effect of MK801, DHED decreased intracellular calcium levels in primary cortical neurons. Our results suggest that DHED has strong protective effects against cognitive impairments through its antioxidant activity and inhibition of neurotoxicity and intracellular calcium. Thus, DHED may be an important therapeutic agent for memory-impaired symptoms.

Association between Arg16Gly Mutation in the ${\beta}_2$-Adrenergic Receptor Gene and Hypertension in the Korean Population

  • Bae, Joon-Seol;Kang, Byung-Yong;Kim, Ki-Tae;Shin, Jung-Hee;Lee, Chung-Choo
    • Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.95-98
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    • 2001
  • $\beta$$_2$-Adrenergic receptors($\beta$$_2$-AR) contribute to cardiovascular regulation by influencing several functions and a several studies suggest that a decreased function of the $\beta$$_2$-AR may be involved in essential hypertension. We investigated the Arg16Gly mutation of $\beta$$_2$-AR gene, which show enhanced agonist-promoted downregulation of the receptor and yielded different results in terms of association with essential hypertension. We studied the relationship between genetic variation in the $\beta$$_2$-adrenergic receptor gene and hypertension in a Korean population using Nde I restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. There were significant differences in allele and genotype frequencies between essential hypertensive and normotensive group (Odds ratio(CI) = 1.71 (1.09-2.70)). Therefore, our result suggests that the Nde I RELP of the $\beta$$_2$-adrenergic receptor gene may be useful as a genetic marker in hypertension diagnostics in Korean population.

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Roles of Dopamine D2 Receptor Subregions in Interactions with β-Arrestin2

  • Zhang, Xiaohan;Choi, Bo-Gil;Kim, Kyeong-Man
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • v.24 no.5
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    • pp.517-522
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    • 2016
  • ${\beta}$-Arrestins are one of the protein families that interact with G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The roles of ${\beta}$-arrestins are multifaceted, as they mediate different processes including receptor desensitization, endocytosis, and G protein-independent signaling. Thus, determining the GPCR regions involved in the interactions with ${\beta}$-arrestins would be a preliminary step in understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the selective direction of each function. In the current study, we determined the roles of the N-terminus, intracellular loops, and C-terminal tail of a representative GPCR in the interaction with ${\beta}$-arrestin2. For this, we employed dopamine $D_2$ and $D_3$ receptors ($D_2R$ and $D_3R$, respectively), since they display distinct agonist-induced interactions with ${\beta}$-arrestins. Our results showed that the second and third intracellular loops of $D_2R$ are involved in the agonist-induced translocation of ${\beta}$-arrestins toward plasma membranes. In contrast, the N- and C-termini of $D_2R$ exerted negative effects on the basal interaction with ${\beta}$-arrestins.

Serum ${\beta}$-endorphin during Human Menopausal Gonadotropin-Hyperstimulated Menstrual Cycles (Human Menopausal Gonadotropin으로 과배란유도된 월경주기에서의 혈청 ${\beta}$-endorphin에 과한 연구)

  • Kim, Jung-Gu;Mun, Shin-Yong;Chang, Yoon-Seok;Lee, Jin-Yong
    • Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.159-165
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    • 1990
  • It has been reported that endogenous opioid peptides play a role in the control of the reproductive function. The goal of this study was to evaluate changs in the serum levels of ${\beta}$-endorphin during hyperstimulated menstrual cycle and their relationship to serum prolactin levels. Serum ${\beta}$-endorphin and prolactin levels were measured during menstrual cycles of 10 normal cylic women hyperstimulated by human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) and of 10 women by clomiphene/HMG among in vitro fertilization candidates. The results were summarized as follows. 1. In clomiphene/HMG hyperstimulated menstrual cycle the mean serum ${\beta}$-endorphin level insignificantly on 2 day before aspiration of oocyte compared to basal level and reached maximum level on 1 day after aspiration. 2. There was a significant peak of the mean serum ${\beta}$-endorphin level on 1 day before aspiration in HMG hyperstimulated menstrual cycle. 3. On the same day from aspiration, there was no significant differences in the mean serum ${\beta}$-endorphin levels between HMG and clomiphene/HMG hyperstimulated cycles. 4. No significant correlation was noted between serum ${\beta}$-endorphin levels and prolactin levels.

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Effects of Na2O Content on Characteristics of $\beta$-Al2O3 ($\beta$-Al2O3의 특성에 미치는 Na2O의 영향)

  • 윤기현;김응수;송효일
    • Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.9-16
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    • 1987
  • Physical and electrical properties of ${\beta}$-Al2O3 were investigated as function of Na2O content from 6.67 wt.% to 13.19 wt.%. The majority phase is ${\beta}$-Al2O3 and the small amount of ${\beta}$"-Al2O3 exists in the specimens sintered at 1600$^{\circ}$for 30 mins. In the case of specimens with 8.54 wt.% Na2O sintered at 1600$^{\circ}C$, the relative amount of ${\beta}$-Al2O3 phase increases and that of ${\beta}$"-Al2O3 phase decreases with increasing sintering time, and then ${\beta}$"-Al2O3 phase does not exist if sintering time is over 8 hrs. As the Na2O content is increased, the 3-Point MOR and the resistivity are decreased. However, density and 3-Point MOR with increasing sintering time are decreased due to increasing the enclosed pore trapped inside of the exaggerated grains. As the sintering time is increased, the average grain size and the duplexity of microstructure are increased, and the resistivity is slightly decreased.

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