• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.63 no.2
• /
• pp.284-290
• /
• 2014

A fiber-optic beta/gamma dual detector system with two types of sensing probes was fabricated to detect the beta- and gamma-rays simultaneously. As scintillators of the sensing probe type 1, two different inorganic scintillators, $CaF_2(Eu)$ and LYSO(Ce) crystals, were used to obtain the each scintillating efficiency with respect to beta-and gamma-rays and the inherent energy spectra of radioactive isotopes. In the case of the sensing probe type 2, which is composed of two identical inorganic scintillators and a beta shielding material based on the lead, it could discriminate beta- and gamma-rays using a subtraction method. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the proposed fiber-optic beta/gamma dual detector could measure and discriminate beta- and gamma-rays using both energy spectroscopy and subtraction method.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.117-122
• /
• 2008

Dual scintillator for simultaneous alpha- and beta-ray counting used by detection materials of a surface contamination monitor was developed. In this study, preparation method was not a heat melting method but a solvent method, by which the counting material was manufactured by dissolving the polymer materials with solvent. It was simplified the preparation process. Plastic scintillator for beta-ray counting was prepared by solidifying the casting solution mixed with organic scintillator, polymer, and solvent. ZnS(Ag) scintillator layer was prepared by screen printing the paste solution mixed with ZnS(Ag), paste, and solvent onto the plastic layer. The good counting ability for alpha- and beta-ray using the ZnS(Ag)/plastic dual scintillator prepared and possibility for the counting material of surface contamination monitor was confirmed.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.323-331
• /
• 2013

TGF-${\beta}$ pathway is being extensively evaluated as a potential therapeutic target. The transforming growth factor-${\beta}$ (TGF-${\beta}$) signaling pathway has the dual role in both tumor suppression and tumor promotion. To design cancer therapeutics successfully, it is important to understand TGF-${\beta}$ related functional contexts. This review discusses the molecular mechanism of the TGF-${\beta}$ pathway and describes the different ways of tumor suppression and promotion by TGF-${\beta}$. In the last part of the review, the data on targeting TGF-${\beta}$ pathway for cancer treatment is assessed. The TGF-${\beta}$ inhibitors in pre-clinical studies, and Phase I and II clinical trials are updated.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.1979-1982
• /
• 2012

Oxime ethers of ${\beta}$-oxo-${\gamma}$-phenylbutanoic acids were prepared to develop more effective PPAR ${\alpha}$ and ${\gamma}$ dual agonists. Among them, compound 11k exhibited potent $in$ $vitro$ activities with $EC_{50}$ of 2.5 nM and 3.3 nM in PPAR ${\alpha}$ and ${\gamma}$, respectively. It showed better glucose lowering effects than rosiglitazone 1 and improved the lipid profile like plasma triglyceride in db/db mice model.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
• /
• v.58 no.2
• /
• pp.271-289
• /
• 2018

Let 0 < q < ${\infty}$. In this study, we introduce the spaces ${\mathcal{BV}}_q$ and ${\mathcal{LS}}_q$ of q-bounded variation double sequences and q-summable double series as the domain of four-dimensional backward difference matrix ${\Delta}$ and summation matrix S in the space ${\mathcal{L}}_q$ of absolutely q-summable double sequences, respectively. Also, we determine their ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}-duals$ and give the characterizations of some classes of four-dimensional matrix transformations in the case 0 < q ${\leq}$ 1.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
• /
• v.55 no.2
• /
• pp.355-372
• /
• 2015

In the present paper, by using the Fibonacci difference matrix, we introduce the almost convergent sequence space $\hat{c}^f$. Also, we show that the spaces $\hat{c}^f$and $\hat{c}$ are linearly isomorphic. Further, we determine the ${\beta}$-dual of the space $\hat{c}^f$ and characterize some matrix classses on this space. Finally, Fibonacci core of a complex-valued sequence has been introduced, and we prove some inclusion theorems related to this new type of core.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.32 no.9
• /
• pp.3219-3222
• /
• 2011

Three types of ${\beta}$-ketoacyl acyl carrier protein synthase (KAS) are important for overcoming the bacterial resistance problem. Recently, we reported the discovery of a antimicrobial flavonoid, YKAF01 (3,6-dihydroxyflavone), which exhibits antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria through inhibition of ${\beta}$-ketoacyl acyl carrier protein synthase III (KAS III). In this report, we suggested that YKAF01 can be an inhibitor ${\beta}$-ketoacyl acyl carrier protein synthase I (KAS I) with dual inhibitory activity for KAS I as well as KAS III. KAS I is related to the elongation of unsaturated fatty acids in bacterial fatty acid synthesis and can be a good therapeutic target of designing novel antibiotics. We performed docking study of Escherichia coli KAS I (ecKAS I) and YKAF01, and determined their binding model. YKAF01 binds to KAS I with high binding affinity ($2.12{\times}10^6$) and exhibited an antimicrobial activity against the multidrug-resistant E. coli with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 512 ${\mu}g$/mL. Further optimization of this compound will be carried out to improve its antimicrobial activity and membrane permeability against bacterial cell membrane.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.55 no.4
• /
• pp.187-191
• /
• 2022

Obesity is caused by an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Exercise is attracting attention as one of the ways to treat obesity. Exercise induces 'beige adipogenesis' in white adipose tissue, increasing total energy expenditure via energy dissipation in the form of heat. Also, beige adipogenesis can be induced by treatment with a beta-adrenergic receptor agonist. We developed a Cidea-dual reporter mouse (Cidea-P2A-Luc2-T2A-tdTomato, Luciferase/tdTomato) model to trace and measure beige adipogenesis in vivo. As a result, both exercise and injection of beta-adrenergic receptor agonist induced beige adipogenesis and was detected through fluorescence and luminescence. We confirmed that exercise and beta-adrenergic receptor agonist induce beige adipogenesis in Cidea-dual reporter mouse, which will be widely used for detecting beige adipogenesis in vivo.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.317-325
• /
• 1994

Suppose X is a complex Banach space and write B(X) for the Banach algebra of bounded linear operators on X, X＊ for the dual space of X, and T＊$\in$ B(X＊) for the dual operator of T. For T $\in$ B(X) write a(T) = dim T$^{-1}$ (0) and $\beta$(T) = codim T(X).(omitted)

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.22-28
• /
• 2019

We previously isolated 9 clones that show stronger signal compared to Bombyx mori cytoplasmic actin gene (BmA3) by using a dot blot hybridization. In this study, we focused on one clone among these clones which has high amino acid similarity with ${\beta}$-tubulin gene of B. mori. This clone was ubiquitously expressed in all tissues and developmental stage of B. mori. As result of promoter assay using dual luciferase assay system, we found the highest transcription activity region (-750/-1) in the 5'-flanking region of ${\beta}$-tubulin gene, which has about 47 fold more intensive promoter activity than BmA3 promoter. Moreover, the ${\beta}$-tubulin promoter was normally regulated in Bm5, Sf9, and S2 cells. Therefore, we suggest that ${\beta}$-tubulin promoter may be used more powerful and effectively for transgene expression in various insects containing B. mori as a universal promoter.