• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국응용약물학회 1997년도 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.72-72
• /
• 1997

합성한 5종의 6-Exomethylene penamsulfone 유도체의 Type I, Type II, Type III, TypeIV, TEM 효소에 대한 $\beta$-lactamase저해효과를 spectrophotometric assay방법으로 측정하였다. 또한 여기서 우수한 효소억제활성을 보여준 3종의 화합물을 가지고 In vitro antibacterial activity를 Agar dilution method법으로 27종의 $\beta$-lactamase생성균주에 대하여, Sulbactam, Ampicillin 및 Cefoperazone과 병용투여하여 MIC를 측정하였다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈B:순수및응용수학
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.355-376
• /
• 2021

In this paper we wish to establish the integral representations of generalized relative order (𝛼, 𝛽) and generalized relative type (𝛼, 𝛽) of entire and meromorphic functions where 𝛼 and 𝛽 are continuous non-negative functions defined on (-∞, +∞). We also investigate their equivalence relation under some certain condition.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.109-116
• /
• 2009

Purpose: $17\beta$-estradiol is the most active endogenous estrogen, which is related to favorable changes in the plasma lipid profile, to relaxation of the coronary vessels, and to a decrease in platelet aggregation and vascular smooth muscle cell migration. However, although the beneficial effect of estrogens on plasma lipoproteins (ie, lowering low-density lipoprotein and increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) contributes to cardiovascular protection, it does not fully account for the protective effect, particularly in the application of physical therapy, including low frequency electrical stimulation. Methods: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the inhibition of stressors, such as endothelin-1 (ET-1), serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), prostaglandin $F2\alpha$ ($PGF2\alpha$), and a protein kinase C (PKC) activator 12-deoxyphorbol 13-isobutyrate (DPB), induced isometric tension by $17\beta$-estradiol in vascular smooth muscle strips, respectively. In addition, the effects of low frequency electrical stimulation at the meridian points (CV-3, -4, Ki-12, SP-6, LR-3, BL-25, -28, -32, -52) on the indirect antihypertensive effect were examined by monitoring the changes in the serum $17\beta$-estradiol concentration in healthy volunteers. Results: Isometric tension analysis showed that the responses of inhibited tension by $17\beta$-estradiol were similar to the same stressors in rat aortic smooth muscle strips. Furthermore, although the continued amplitude modulation (AM) type of electrical stimulation was not increased significantly by electrical stimulation, the current of the frequency modulation (FM) type of low frequency electrical stimulation increased the serum $17\beta$-estradiol concentration in normal volunteers. Conclusion: These results, in part, suggest that $17\beta$-estradiol has the capacity to supress stressor-induced muscle tension, and electrical stimulation, particularly current of the FM type, has a modulatory effect on the sex steroid hormones, particularly $17\beta$-estradiol, in healthy volunteers.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제18권8호
• /
• pp.124-134
• /
• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 간호대학생의 MBTI성격유형, 감성지능, 스트레스 대처방식, 대학생활적응 수준을 파악하고 간호대학생들의 대학생활적응에 미치는 영향 요인을 파악하기 위한 것이다. 연구대상자는 C시에 소재하는 간호학과 학생 267명이다. 자료수집은 2017년 3월 6일부터 3월 31일까지 실시되었다. 연구결과, 간호대학생의 대학생활적응은 감성지능(r=.29, p<.001)과 스트레스 대처방식(r=.27, p<.001)으로 양의 상관관계를 나타내었고, MBTI 성격유형의 심리기능유형(F=0.36, p=.781)과 심리기질유형(F=0.43, p=.730)과는 유의하지 않았다. 대학생활적응에 영향을 미치는 요인은 학년(${\beta}=.22$, p<.001), 입학동기 중 적성(${\beta}=.17$, p=.024), 전공만족도 중 만족(${\beta}=.24$, p=.025), 감성지능(${\beta}=.14$, p=.028) 및 스트레스 대처방식(${\beta}=.15$, p=.013)으로 설명력은 총 17.5%(F=8.03, p<.001)이었다. 대학생활적응의 각 하부영역에 유의한 영향을 미친 변수를 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 학업활동에 영향을 미친 변수는 학년(${\beta}=.12$, p=.045), 성적(${\beta}=.36$, p<.001), 전공만족도 중 만족(${\beta}=.21$, p=.047), 감성지능(${\beta}=.12$, p=.055), 스트레스 대처방식(${\beta}=.12$, p=.055)으로 설명력($R^2$)이 22.0% 이었으며, 진로준비에 영향을 미친 변수는 학년(${\beta}=.14$, p=.026), 입학동기 중 적성(${\beta}=.18$, p=.018), 입학동기 중 취업(${\beta}=.18$, p=.016), 감성지능(${\beta}=.15$, p=.023)으로 설명력($R^2$)은 10.0%이었다. 또한 개인심리에 영향을 미친 변수는 연령(${\beta}=.13$, p=.016), 입학동기 중 적성(${\beta}=.19$, p=.010), 감성지능(${\beta}=.30$, p<.001), 스트레스 대처방식(${\beta}=.18$, p=.003)으로 설명력($R^2$)은 26.5% 이었으며, 대인관계와 사회체험에 영향을 미친 변수는 학년(${\beta}=.25$, p<.001 & ${\beta}=.25$, p<.001)으로 설명력($R^2$)은 각각 8.4%, 6.1%였다. 따라서 간호대학생의 대학생활적응을 위해 감성지능과 스트레스 대처전략을 향상시킬 수 있는 교육 커리큘럼과 함께 교과 외 활동을 통합하는 체계적인 교육프로그램 개발이 필요할 것이다. 또한 간호대학생의 대학생활적응에 영향을 미치지 않은 것으로 확인된 MBTI 성격유형의 심리기능유형과 심리기질유형은 대규모 표본을 대상으로 추후연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제41권2호
• /
• pp.149-157
• /
• 2013

The octopus type oligo-hydroxypropylene glycol ${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosides were successfully synthesized in this studies: the sterospecific compound of allyl 2, 3, 4, 6-tetra-O-acetyl-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosides (1) was deacetylated with NaOMe in MeOH lead to allyl-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (2) which was perallylated and followed by hydroboration and subsequent oxidation afforded (3-hydroxy-propyl) 2, 3, 4, 6-tetraO(3-hydroxy-propyl)-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (4). As a result, not only allylpropylene glycol ${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosides (5, 7, and 9) but also hydroxypropylene glycol ${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosides (6, 8, and 10) were synthesized by repeated sequential perallylation followed by hydroboration/oxidation.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• 제22권5호
• /
• pp.437-447
• /
• 1999

Type I diabetes, also known as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) results from the destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic $\beta$ cells by a progressive $\beta$ cell-specific autoimmune process. The pathogenesis of autoimmune IDDM has been extensively studied for the past two decades using animal models such as the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse and the Bio-Breeding (BB) rat. However, the initial events that trigger the immune responses leading to the selective destruction of the $\beta$ cells are poorly understood. It is thought that $\beta$ cell auto-antigens are involved in the triggering of $\beta$ cell-specific autoimmunity. Among a dozen putative $\beta$ cell autoantigens, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) has bee proposed as perhaps the strongest candidate in both humans and the NOD mouse. In the NOD mouse, GAD, as compared with other $\beta$ cell autoantigens, provokes the earliest T cell proliferative response. The suppression of GAD expression in the $\beta$ cells results in the prevention of autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice. In addition, the major populations of cells infiltrating the iselts during the early stage of insulitis in BB rats and NOD mice are macrophages and dendritic cells. The inactivation of macrophages in NOD mice results in the prevention of T cell mediated autoimmune diabetes. Macrophages are primary contributors to the creation of the immune environment conducive to the development and activation of $\beta$cell-specific Th1-type CD4+ T cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells that cause autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are both believed to be important for the destruction of $\beta$ cells. These cells, as final effectors, can kill the insulin-producing $\beta$ cells by the induction of apoptosis. In addition, CD8+ cytotoxic T cells release granzyme and cytolysin (perforin), which are also toxic to $\beta$ cells. In this way, macrophages, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells act synergistically to kill the $\beta$ cells in conjunction with $\beta$ cell autoantigens and MHC class I and II antigens, resulting in the onset of autoimmune type I diabetes.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• 제36권1_2호
• /
• pp.15-28
• /
• 2018

In this paper, we introduce a Stancu type generalization of genuine LupaŞ-Beta operators of integral type. We establish some moment estimates and the direct results in terms of classical modulus of continuity, Voronovskaja-type asymptotic theorem, weighted approximation, rate of convergence and pointwise estimates using the Lipschitz type maximal function. Lastly, we propose a king type modification of these operators to obtain better estimates.

• 대한치과기공학회지
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.89-94
• /
• 2003

The use of titanium alloys as biomaterials is increasing due to their superior biocompatibility and enhanced corrosion resistance compared to conventional stainless steels and cobalt-based alloys. Ti-6Al-4V ($\alpha+\beta$type) alloy instead of pure titanium ($\alpha$type) is being widely used as biomaterials has some characteristics such as high fatigue strength, tensile strength and corrosion resistance. It also has similar characteristics to Ti in inducing bony ingrowth. But it has been reported recently that the vanadium element expresses cytotoxicity and carcinogenicity and the aluminium element is related with dementia of Alzheimer type and neurotoxicity. In order to overcome their detrimental effects, $\beta$-phase stabilizer Nb was chosen in the present study. CP-Ti(ASTM grade 2), Ti-3wt.%Nb($\alpha$type), Ti-20wt.%Nb ($\alpha+\beta$type) and Ti-40 wt.%Nb($\beta$type) alloys were melted by vacuum arc furnace. Biocompatibility of Ti-Nb alloys was evaluated by cytotoxicity test. The results can be summarized as follows: 1. For the cytotoxicity test, Ti-Nb alloys showed excellent biocompatibility compared to CP-Ti(ASTM grade 2), 316L STS and Co-Cr alloys.

• 한국융합학회논문지
• /
• 제9권11호
• /
• pp.529-538
• /
• 2018

본 연구는 간호대학생의 MBTI 선호유형에 따라 스트레스, 수면의 질, 사회적 지지가 스트레스에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해 시행되었다. 간호대학생 290명을 대상으로 하여 구조화된 설문지를 배부하였으며, SPSS 18.0 프로그램을 이용하여 서술적 통계, t-test, 상관분석, 다중회귀분석을 시행하였다. MBTI의 선호유형에 따라 스트레스에 영향을 미치는 요인을 살펴본 결과, 외향형일수록 수면의 질이 스트레스에 영향을 미치고(${\beta}=.23$, t= 2.01, p=.047), 사고형일수록 물질적지지(${\beta}=.06$, t=.77, p=.025), 판단형일수록 평가적지지(${\beta}=.24$, t=1.52, p=.014), 인식형일수록 자존감지지(${\beta}=-.21$, t=-.35, p=.011)가 스트레스에 더 많이 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 간호대학생의 스트레스 관리 시 MBTI 선호유형에 따른 개별적 중재방안이 필요하며, 학과, 대학 및 전문가의 융합을 통해 체계적인 프로그램 개발이 요구된다.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국응용약물학회 2006년도 Proceedings of The Convention
• /
• pp.103-115
• /
• 2006

$\beta$-Glucan is a glucose polymer that has linkage of $\beta$-(1,3), -(1,4) and -(1,6). As exclusively found in fungal and bacterial cell wall, not in animal, $\beta$-glucans are recognized by innate immune system. Dendritic cells (DC) or macrophages possesses pattern recognition molecule (PRM) for binding $\beta$-glucan as pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP). Recently $\beta$-glucan receptor was cloned from DC and named as dectin-l which belongs to type II C-type lectin family. Human dectin-1 is consisted of 7 exons and 6 introns. The polypeptide of dectin-1 has 247 amino acids and has cytoplasmic, transmembrane, stalk and carbohydrate recognition domains. Dectin-1 could recognize variety of beta-1,3 and/or beta-1,6 glucan linkages, but not alpha-glucans. In our macrophage cell line culture system, dectin-1 mRNA was detected in RA W264.7 cells by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Dectin-1 was also detected in the murine organs of spleen, thymus, lung and intestines. Treatment of RA W264.7 cells with $\beta$-glucans of Ganoderma lucidum (GLG) resulted in increased expression of IL-6 and TNF-$\alpha$ in the presence of LPS. However, GLG alone did not increase IL-6 nor TNF-$\alpha$. These results suggest that receptor dectin-1 cooperate with CD14 to activate signal transduction that is very critical in immunoresponse.