• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.359-367
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• 2017

Purpose: This study sought to identify potential candidates for adjuvant radiotherapy and patterns of regional failure in patients who underwent curative-intent surgery for gallbladder cancer. Materials and Methods: Records for 70 patients with gallbladder cancer who underwent curative resection at a single institution between 2000 and 2016 were analysed retrospectively. No patients received adjuvant radiotherapy. Initial patterns of failure were evaluated. Regional recurrence was categorized according to the definitions of lymph node stations suggested by the Japanese Society of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery. Results: Median follow-up was 23 months. Locoregional recurrence as any component of first failure occurred in 29 patients (41.4%), with isolated locoregional recurrence in 13 (18.6%). Regional recurrence occurred in 23 patients, and 77 regional recurrences were identified. Commonly involved regional stations were #13, #12a2, #12p2, #12b2, #16a2, #16b1, #9, and #8. Independent prognostic factors for locoregional recurrence were ${\geq}pT2$ disease (hazard ratio [HR], 5.510; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.260-24.094; p = 0.023) and R1 resection (HR, 6.981; 95% CI, 2.378-20.491; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Patients with pT2 disease or R1 resection after curative surgery for gallbladder cancer may benefit from adjuvant radiotherapy. Our findings on regional recurrence may help physicians construct a target volume for adjuvant radiotherapy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.317-334
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• 2021

This study aims to examine the expressive characteristics and meanings of modern in contemporary fashion, especially focusing on Vogue and The New York Times. First, modern signified originality born out of borderless fusion and compromise. It was also expressed to signify diversity and tolerance not bounded by conventions, TPO, areas, ethnic groups, seasons, or gender. Second, modern meant functionality encompassing the comfort of body and mind. It was used to refer to convenient mobility and activity fit for the lifestyle of busy modern people. Third, lightness and naturalness were used as new meanings of beauty in modern fashion. In the fashion of the twenty-first century, the principal meaning of modern was lightness, which was sought after in everything including materials, modes of wearing, and ways of thinking. Finally, modern fashion was expressed as a democratic tool for social reform and used in the meaning of enlightenment to benefit society as well as oneself. The results of this study indicate that constant changes in trends, lifestyles, and psychology of contemporary society have the potential to give new meaning to the concept and the use of the term modern.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.68-80
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• 2021

An uncertified facility is a facility not certified, as defined in the Biological Agents and Toxins Act (BATA) in Singapore, but has met the requirements of the Ministry of Health to possess First and Fifth Schedule biological agents and toxins. This type of facility is also known as a Biosafety Level 2 Plus (BSL 2+) facility. Registration as an uncertified facility or a BSL 2+ facility requires a certain process and procedure to be sought with the Biosafety Branch of the ministry. This review, shares first-hand knowledge on the journey to achieving registration of the authors' facility. The procedure involved considerable preparation, setting up facility requirements, biosafety precautions, procedures and practices, and training and competence of laboratory users. The ministry conducted a thorough onsite facility audit to ensure that the facility requirements and biosafety procedures and practices were in place. It then issued an approval letter of possession for the first-time use of biological agents and registered the laboratory as an uncertified facility. The expectation is that the comprehensive information shared may be of great benefit to other facilities with similar interests.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2023

Objectives: Epidemiological evidence linking long working hours and shift work to metabolic syndrome remains inadequate. We sought to evaluate the impact of reducing working hours on metabolic syndrome. Methods: We compared the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among male manual workers in a manufacturing company (N = 371) before and after the introduction of policy to reduce daily work hours from 10 to 8 hours. Components of metabolic syndrome were measured in periodic health examinations before the intervention, 6-9 months after, and 1.5-2 years after the intervention. Generalized estimating equation models were used to estimate changes in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Analyses were stratified by day work versus shift work. Results: The results showed a significantly decreased prevalence of metabolic syndrome 6-9 months following the intervention in day workers (risk ratio = 0.68, 95% confidence interval 0.52-0.88), but the benefit disappeared after 1.5-2 years. Shift workers showed a decreased prevalence of metabolic syndrome for the whole follow-up duration after the intervention, although the change was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Reducing working hours was associated with short-term improvement in metabolic syndrome in male manual workers.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.1-10
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• 2023

This research sought to determine the optimal cycle of Planned Depot Maintenance (PDM) for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), and PDM through Reliability and Maintainability-based simulation and Operating and Support (O&S) cost analysis using Reliability and Maintainability analysis results. The effectiveness of the PDM was verified economically, and the optimal PDM interval that balances UAV effective operations and sustaining engineering costs was presented.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.769-778
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• 2023

This study compared and analyzed parental leave and child allowance, two major policies among solutions to the current serious low fertility rate problem, using unstructured data, and sought future directions and implications for related response policies based on this. The collection keywords were "low fertility + parental leave" and "low fertility + child allowance", and data analysis was conducted in the following order: text frequency analysis, centrality analysis, network visualization, and CONCOR analysis. As a result of the analysis, first, parental leave was found to be a realistic and practical policy in response to low fertility rates, as data analysis showed more diverse and systematic discussions than child allowance. Second, in terms of child allowance, data analysis showed that there was a high level of information and interest in the cash grant benefit system, including child allowance, but there were no other unique features or active discussions. As a future improvement plan, both policies need to utilize the existing system. First, parental leave requires improvement in the working environment and blind spots in order to expand the system, and second, child allowance requires a change in the form of payment that deviates from the uniform and biased system. should be sought, and it was proposed to expand the target age.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.307-329
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to explain the benefits of public libraries in Korea. While many studies had focused on measuring the economic value, this study sought to investigate how do user benefits from public library service and how are these benefits associated with major demographic factors. The questionnaire was developed by two question formats, which is open-ended and 5 Likert scale on 'enjoyment indicators' in earlier studies. Total 313 responses data were collected in S public library in Seoul. As a result, respondents most frequently perceived benefits from library services is reading, saving the money and relaxation. Also, user's benefits level had measured based on the 'enjoyment indicators'. According to the analysis, respondents perceived benefits from library for reading (4.31) and saving the money (4.14). The results show the public libraries' benefits differ in age and careers in 'family relations', 'reading of children', 'cultural life', 'career improvement', and 'saving the money'.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

Treatment of Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LMC) from solid cancers has not advanced noticeably since the introduction of intra-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) chemotherapy in the 1970's. The marginal survival benefit and difficulty of intrathecal chemotherapy injection has hindered its wide spread use. Even after the introduction of intraventricular chemotherapy with Ommaya reservoir, frequent development of CSF flow disturbance, manifested as increased intracranial pressure (ICP), made injected drug to be distributed unevenly and thus, the therapy became ineffective. Systemic chemotherapy for LMC has been limited as effective CSF concentration can hardly be achieved except high dose methotrexate (MTX) intravenous administration. However, the introduction of small molecular weight target inhibitors for primary cancer treatment has changed the old concept of 'blood-brain barrier' as the ultimate barrier to systemically administered drugs. Conventional oral administration achieves an effective concentration at the nanomolar level. Furthermore, many studies report that a combined treatment of target inhibitor and intra-CSF chemotherapy significantly prolongs patient survival. Ventriculolumbar perfusion (VLP) chemotherapy has sought to increase drug delivery to the subarachnoid CSF space even in patients with disturbed CSF flow. Recently authors performed phase 1 and 2 clinical trial of VLP chemotherapy with MTX, and 3/4th of patients with increased ICP got controlled ICP and the survival was prolonged. Further trials are required with newly available drugs for CSF chemotherapy. Additionally, new LMC biologic/pharmacodynamic markers for early diagnosis and monitoring of the treatment response are to be identified with the help of advanced molecular biology techniques.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.250-260
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• 2009

The purpose of the research is to investigate the possibility of the tourism resources development preference of sport leisure event activity of participation as one use MDS and clustering market character. An empirical research has been undertaken the questionnaire had be distributed to the whole country inline marathon races participation and there were 330 responses. The research was conducted by using statistical packages of SPSS program. As research methods factor analysis and cluster analysis were also employed. Three distinct cluster groups were categorized by their characteristics: 'money acquirement participation', 'self realization moderators', 'self realization enthusiasts', and there was differences among segmented groups in terms of their affecting factors to the tourism resources development preference. These findings suggested that there were need to tourism resources development for different segmented groups of sports leisure event activity selection attributes and each group pursued different satisfaction.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.189-199
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• 2018

Purpose: This study sought to examine whether near total gastrectomy (nTG) confers a longterm nutritional benefit when compared with total gastrectomy (TG) for the treatment of gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: Patients who underwent nTG or TG for gastric cancer were included (n=570). Using the 1:2 matched propensity score, 25 patients from the nTG group and 50 patients from the TG group were compared retrospectively for oncologic outcomes, including long-term survival and nutritional status. Results: The length of the proximal resection margin, number of retrieved lymph nodes and tumor nodes, metastasis stage, short-term postoperative outcomes, and long-term survival were not significantly different between the groups. The body mass index values, and serum total protein and hemoglobin levels of the patients decreased significantly until postoperative 6 months, and then recovered slightly over time (P<0.05); however, there was no difference in the levels between the groups. The prognostic nutritional index values and serum albumin levels decreased significantly until postoperative 6 months and then recovered (P<0.05); the levels decreased more in the nTG group than in the TG group (P<0.05). The mean corpuscular volumes and serum transferrin levels increased significantly until postoperative 1 year and then recovered slightly over time (P<0.05); however, there was no difference between the groups. Serum vitamin $B_{12}$, iron, and ferritin levels of the patients did not change significantly over time, and no difference existed between the groups. Conclusions: A small remnant stomach after nTG conferred no significant nutritional benefits over TG.