• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.483-499
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• 2022

In present work, bending and free vibration studies are carried out on different kinds of sandwich FGM beams using recently proposed (Chakrabarty et al. 2011) C-0 finite element (FE) based higher-order zigzag theory (HOZT). The material gradation is assumed along the thickness direction of the beam. Power-law, exponential-law, and sigmoidal laws (Garg et al 2021c) are used during the present study. Virtual work principle is used for bending solutions and Hamilton's principle is applied for carrying out free vibration analysis as done by Chalak et al. 2014. Stress distribution across the thickness of the beam is also studied in detail. It is observed that the behavior of an unsymmetric beam is different from what is exhibited by a symmetric one. Several new results are also reported which will be useful in future studies.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.103-112
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• 1992

The calculation method which takes into account the shear lag effects on the ultimate transverse bending moment of a SWATH(Small Waterplane Area Twin Hull) ship has been developed. In case of the ultimate bending strength analysis of conventional monohull ships and general box girder structures, the hypothesis that plane section remains plane after bending can be employed but not in the case of the structures having wide flange. For the ultimate bending strength analysis of such structures, a new method which can take into account the effect of shear lag on the ultimate bending strength has been developed by adopting more reasonable assumption that warping distortion of the section takes place inthe same way as the actual stress distribution. Finally, the proposed method has been applied to a a SWATH cross deck structure.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.16 no.1 s.68
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• pp.91-101
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• 2004

This study sought to suggest a structural design guide and to investigate the structural performances of the new beam-slab system in order to decrease the height of floors in high-rise steel structure apartments. Experiments were performed to assess the capacity of the new beam-slab system in a steel structure with 9.8-m span, particulary structural material test, pure bending test of composite beam, three-point bending test of composite beam, and bending and shearing tests. Results showed that the suggested composite beam had stable structural behavior when stud connectors were located in the upper flange, and upper bars were calculated normally according to the design of the slab.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.199-207
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• 2003

The Timoshenko beam model has been known as the most accurate model for representing beam structures. However, the Timoshenko beam model may give rise to a significant error when it is applied to multi-stepped beam structures. This paper is intended to demonstrate the modeling error of Timoshenko beam based finite element model for multi-stepped beam structures and to suggest a new modeling method to improve the accuracy. A tentative bending spring is introduced into the stepped section to represent the softening effect due to the presence of step. This paper also proposes a finite element modeling method in the light with the tentative bending spring model for the step softening effect. The proposed method rigorously adapts computation results from a commercial finite element code. The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated through a series of simulation and experiment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.60-64
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• 1984

To calculate the bending frequency of a beam with a crack, the author has developed the computor programe. With a simple example, numerical calculations and experiments were carried out. The results were as follows. 1) As the values of experiments have comparatively agreed with those of calculations, it was proved that the computor program could he applied to a beam with a crack. 2) In the case that the shape of crack is narrow and deep at the fixed edges, the value of experiment may not considerably correspond with that of calculation. 3) If the bending frequency was varied a few % due to a crack, it was turned out that the beam might be fatal on strength.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.91-104
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• 2020

The bending, stability (buckling) and vibration response of nano sized beams is presented in this study based on the Eringen's nonlocal elasticity theory in conjunction with the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. For this purpose, the bending, buckling and vibration problem of Euler-Bernoulli nanobeams are developed and solved on the basis of nonlocal elasticity theory. The effects of various parameters such as nonlocal parameter e₀a, length of beam L, mode number n, distributed load q and cross-section on the bending, buckling and vibration behaviors of carbon nanotubes idealized as Euler-Bernoulli nanobeam is investigated. The transverse deflections, maximum transverse deflections, vibrational frequency and buckling load values of carbon nanotubes are given in tables and graphs.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.567-576
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• 2023

In general, RC beam members are designed as flexural members, considering only the bending load. However, in actual buildings, axial and bending load are simultaneously applied due to the continuity between members. As a result, the bending strength of the RC beam member increases, but the displacement decreases, and cracks are mainly concentrated in the center of the beam. Therefore, in this study, the bending performance of both normal and strengthened RC beam using carbon fiber sheets subjected to combined axial and bending load was experimentally evaluated. The carbon fiber sheets were wrapped around the middle of the specimens, and axial and bending load were applied simultaneously to the beams. The magnitude of the axial force and the effects of carbon fiber sheet reinforcement on the deformed shape, bending strength, deflection, and ductility of the RC beams were analyzed. The results show that as the applied axial force increased, the maximum bending strength increased, but the ductility decreased 64%. The bending strength of the strengthened beams increased up to 27%, the maximum deflection decreased around 8% and the ductility increased by up to 43%.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.84 no.3
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• pp.423-435
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• 2022

In this article, we present torsion-bending analysis of a composite FGM beam with an open section, according to the advanced and refined theory of 1D / 3D beams based on the 3D Saint-Venant's solution and taking into account the edge effects. The (initially one-dimensional) model contains a set of three-dimensional (3D) displacement modes of the cross section, reflecting its 3D mechanical behaviour. The modes are taken into account depending on the mechanical characteristics and the geometrical form of the cross-section of the composite FGM beam. The model considered is implemented on the CSB (Cross-Section and Beam Analysis) software package. It is based on the RBT/SV theory (Refined Beam Theory on Saint-Venant principle) of FGM beams. The mechanical and physical characteristics of the FGM beam continuously vary, depending on a power-law distribution, across the thickness of the beam. We compare the numerical results obtained by the three-beam theories, namely: The Classical Beam Theory of Saint-Venant (Classical Beam Theory CBT), the theory of refined beams (Refined Beam Theory RBT), and the theory of refined beams, using the higher (high) modes of distortion of the cross-section (Refined Beam Theory using distorted modes RBTd). The results obtained confirm a clear difference between those obtained by the three models at the level of the supports. Further from the support, the results of RBT and RBTd are of the same order, whereas those of CBT remains far from those of higher-order theories. The 3D stresses, strains and displacements, obtained by the present study, reflect the 3D behaviour of FGM beams well, despite the initially 1D nature of the problem. A validation example also shows a very good agreement of the proposed models with other models (classical or higher-order beam theory) and Carrera Unified Formulation 1D-beam model with Lagrange Expansion functions (CUF-LE).

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.77-94
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• 2004

Steel beam-to-column joints are often subjected to a combination of bending and axial forces. The level of axial forces in the joint may be significant, typical of pitched-roof portal frames, sway frames or frames with incomplete floors. Current specifications for steel joints do not take into account the presence of axial forces (tension and/or compression) in the joints. A single empirical limitation of 10% of the beam's plastic axial capacity is the only enforced provision in Annex J of Eurocode 3. The objective of the present paper is to describe some experimental and numerical work carried out at the University of Coimbra to try to extend the philosophy of the component method to deal with the combined action bending moment and axial force.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.39-51
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• 2013

An extremum method is presented to predict the wrinkling characteristics of the inflated cone in bending. The wrinkling factor is firstly defined so as to obtain the wrinkling condition. The initial wrinkling location is then determined by searching the maximum of the wrinkling factor. The critical wrinkling load is finally obtained by determining the ratio of the wrinkling moment versus the initial wrinkling location. The extremum method is proposed based on the assumption of membrane material of beam wall, and it is extended to consider beam wall with thin-shell material in the end. The nondimensional analyses show that the initial wrinkling location is closely related to the taper ratio. When the taper ratio is higher than the critical value, the initial wrinkles will be initiated at a different location. The nondimensional critical wrinkling load nonlinearly increases as the taper ratio increases firstly, and then linearly increases after the critical taper ratio. The critical taper ratio reflects the highest load-carrying efficiency of the inflated cone in bending, and it can be regarded as a measure to optimize the geometry of the inflated cone. The comparative analysis shows fairly good agreement between analytical and numerical results. Over the whole range of the comparison, the mean differences are lower than 3%. This gives confidence to use extremum method for bending-wrinkling analysis of inflated conical cantilever beam.