• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to promote the utilization of wind velocity of kitchen and bathroom exhaust ducts for wind power generation in high-rise apartments. The research content can be summarized as follows: 1) Nine high-rise apartments were examined for the installation of kitchen and bathroom exhaust ducts located in the pipe shaft (PS) section. After selecting simulation candidates, a simulation was performed with the STAR-CCM+ Ver 5.06 program. 2) Of nine high-rise apartments, seven had kitchen and bathroom exhaust ducts, whose cross section was in the range of $0.16m^2{\sim}0.4m^2$. The area ratio between the exhaust ducts and PS section (cross section of exhaust duct/area of PS section ${\times}$ 100) was on average 3.2%. 3) The simulation results were analyzed. As a result, the smaller cross section kitchen and bathroom exhaust ducts had, the more advantages there were for increasing exhaust wind velocity. If an out air inlet duct is installed to the old kitchen and bathroom exhaust ducts, it will increase exhaust wind velocity by 3.01~3.98m/s and contribute to the proper wind velocity level (3.0m/s). 4) When the simultaneous usage rate between the kitchen and bathroom exhaust fan increased from 20% to 60%, exhaust wind velocity increased. The "entire house holds" condition for exhaust fan operation provided more even exhaust wind velocity than the "some house holds" condition. 5) Exhaust wind velocity increased in the order of amplified (T-3), induced (T-2) and vertical (T-1) top of kitchen and bathroom exhaust ducts. Of them, the amplified type (T-3) was under the least influence of external wind velocity and thus the most proper for kitchen and bathroom exhaust duct tops.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2006년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.5-10
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• 2006

This study aims to propose appropriate evaluating method of noise emission from water supply and drain installations in apartment bathroom. Because KS(Korean Standard) about water installations noise in apartment bathroom only are establishing the measurement procedure of it, Evaluation and rating procedure is necessary to improve the sound insulation performance of the apartment and to reduce the apartment dweller's unsatisfaction with the noise. Thus, this study reviewed the standards and evaluating methods about the water supply and drain installations noise of many other country. We measured the noise emission from the installations in many apartment bathroom, and then we calculated the noises to dB(A), N, NC evaluated numbers. We analyze the coefficient of the corelation among the evaluated numbers to induce the appropriate method. As a result, the dB(A) method is most easy to evaluateing and very high corelated wth N and N index, So the dB(A) method is suitable to be adopted KS evaluating procedure of noise emission from water installations in apartment bathroom.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.203-213
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• 2005

Purpose: To assess the environmental hazards of falling accident in the homes of the elderly. Method: 222 homes of the elderly were assessed by the home environmental Checklist from May to July in 2003. Results: The mean score of home environmental hazards for fall were 13.19 with the highest score being 49, ranging from 4 to 24. The bathroom was the most hazardous place in the home, porch came next bedroom, kitchen, living room and stair followed them. The floor surface such as finishes and non-skid mats was the most hazardous interior factor in the home, using bathroom came next furniture and illumination followed them. The floor surface such as finishes and non-skid mats in the bathroom, kitchen, living room and porch, illumination of bedroom and stair were the most prevalent hazards in the home of interior. Of the 49 potential hazards, bathroom grab bar was the most prevalent one with 89.9%, and non-skid rugs in the porch, bathroom and kitchen, safety of dinner table, the threshold and furniture of porch, and illumination of bedroom were prevalent more than half of the home under assessing. Men, living in the separate house or villa with stairs were in more hazardous environments. Conclusion: To reduce the potential hazards of fall accident in the home, improving hazards relating to floor surface such as slip resistance surface and mats is important specially those of the separate house or villa with stairs.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to fine the changes in lavatory/bathroom and daily lives to clarify the modernization process of the housing through everyday affairs and adjustment behaviors after the period of opening the port with microscopic perspectives. For the purpose, reviews were focused on hygiene and cleanliness in lavatory/bathroom and the changes in such areas. Secondly, how the process of conflict and settlement due to such changes had been approached since modernization was studied. Research method used were literature review and field study. The results of the study were as the follows: From the perspective of 'hygiene' and 'cleanliness', which were the main characteristics of modernization, the lavatory/bathroom culture in traditional Korean housing might be considered very unsanitary and despicable. The actual problems encountered by the inhabitants, however, might be less significant than those discovered by the pioneers at that time. Despite such reality, housing adjustments through renovations of the bathrooms and lavatories by some classes implied the need for housing, which had been inhibited in themselves. Also it was found that the family conflicts due to cultural and life style differences existed in each time period.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2007

This study aims to propose appropriate evaluating method of noise emission from water supply and drain installations in apartment bathroom. The measurement procedure of water installations noise in apartment bathroom were established, so it is necessary to provide the evaluating method and criteria to improve the sound insulation performance of the apartment and to reduce the apartment dweller's unsatisfaction with the noise. Thus, this study reviewed the standards and evaluating methods about the water supply and drain installations noise of many other country. After measuring the noise emission from the installations in many apartment bathroom, The noise were evaluated dB(A), N, NC index, To induce the appropriate method, the coefficient of the correlation among the evaluated numbers were analyzed. As a result, the dB(A) method is most easy to evaluating and very high correlated with N and N index, So the dB(A) method is suitable to be adopted KS evaluating procedure of noise emission from water installations in apartment bathroom.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2000년도 학술발표대회논문집
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• pp.103-107
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• 2000

We investigated the actual usefulness of bathrooms in individuals living in apartment. We performed a randomized matched questionaire study involving 487 individuals who use a unit-bathroom and live in apartment in Taegu and it's rural cities for the period from May to June, 2000. Most of the individuals used bathroom for washing behavior of daily living, such as, washing hands, feet, face, and hair, except bathing, Almost all the individuals reported some complaints about the height and size of wash-stand when they wash face or hair, And most of the individuals does not use the bath-tube when they shower or bathe.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 1995년도 학술발표대회논문집 하
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• pp.121-128
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• 1995

The object of this study is to analyze the actual use of and the problems of bathrooms in urban apartments which have two bathrooms. There are some problems with the present western style bathrooms which have three different facilities in the same room: a toilet, a bathtub, and a washstand. Twenty-five percent of the respondents use the bathtub as a water tank or a storage. A toil not combined with a bathtub as well as some dressing space are desired for the main bathroom. Many residents of young age satisfied with the bathroom attached to the badroom.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2001

This study was investigated the actual usefulness of bathrooms in individuals living in apartment. We performed a randomized questionaire study involving 487 individuals who use a unit-bathroom and live in apartment in Taegu and its rural cities for the period from May to June, 2000. Most of the individuals used bathroom for washing behavior of daily living, such as, washing hands, feet, face, and hair, except bathing. Almost all the individuals reported some complaints about the height and size of wash-stand when they wash face or hair. And most of the individuals does not use the bath-tube when they shower or bathe.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2017년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.209-210
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• 2017

Recently, bathroom tile defects in households are occurring more frequently. Until now, the destructive investigation method has been required to analyze tile defects. This study proposes a non-destructive using a thermal emission camera imaging as a possibly more precise method of investigating tile failure compared to previous existing methods.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제29호
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• pp.249-256
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• 2001

The Purpose of this study is to Provide a basic data for Projects of residential bathroom remodeling according to contemporary life style. The subjects of this investigation are collected through questionnaire from adult resident who live in Seoul Korea. Four hundred ten cases are collected, and frequencies, percentile, crosstabs, and factor analysis and varianc analysis using Spss-win program analyze adequate cases in necessary condition. In this study, residents demographic informations, bathroom preferences, types, sizes, cost construction period, instruments needs, behaviors and facilities seperation are included. By statistics treatment, the significance of the data is analyzed.