• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.844-851
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• 2010

Controlling the dissolved oxygen (DO) in the fed-batch culture of the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum led to a 2-fold increase of the maximum biomass productivity compared with uncontrolled DO conditions. By contrast, extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production was two times higher under oxygen limitation (uncontrolled DO) than under increased oxygen availability (controlled DO). Morphologically, dispersed mycelium was predominant under controlled DO conditions, with highly branched hyphae, consistent with the enhanced culture growth noted under these conditions, whereas in the uncontrolled DO process mycelial clumps were the most common morphology throughout the culture. However, in both cultures, clamp connections were found. This is an exciting new finding, which widens the applicability of this basidiomycete in submerged fermentation. In rheological terms, broths demonstrated shear-thinning behavior with a yield stress under both DO conditions. The flow curves were best described by the Herschel-Bulkley model: flow index down to 0.6 and consistency coefficient up to 0.2 and 0.6 Pa $s^n$ in uncontrolled and controlled cultures DO, respectively. The pseudoplastic behavior was entirely due to the fungal biomass, and not to the presence of EPS (rheological analysis of the filtered broth showed Newtonian behavior). It is clear from this study that dissolved oxygen tension is a critical process parameter that distinctly influences G. lucidum morphology and rheology, affecting the overall performance of the process. This study contributes to an improved understanding of the process physiology of submerged fermentation of G. lucidum.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.314-319
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• 2008

Penicillin G amidase(PGA, benzylpenicillinamidohydrolase, EC 3.5.1.11)는 penicillin G를 phenylacetic acid(PAA)와 6-aminopenicillanic acid(6-APA)로 분해하는 효소이다. Escherichia coli(E. coli) ATCC 11105의 PGA는 24 kDa의 small subunit과 65 kDa의 large subunit으로 구성되어 있고, precursor polypeptide에서 signal peptide와 spacer peptide가 절단되어 활성을 가진 heterodimer가 형성된다. 본 연구에서는 E. coli ATCC 11105에서 PCR(polymerase chain reaction)을 통해 증폭한 pga gene을 expression vector에 넣어 pET-pga plasmid를 제작하였고, 이것을 E. coli BL21 (DE3) 균주에 형질 전환하여 PGA를 발현하고 그 활성을 분석하였다. E. coli BL21(DE3)/pET-pga 균주의 고밀도 배양액을 SDS-PAGE로 분석 했을 때, PGA의 precursor, large subunit, 그리고 small subunit으로 보이는 protein band가 나타났으며, PGA가 soluble form의 precursor로 발현되어 processing을 거쳐서 large subunit과 small subunit으로 절단되기도 하고, 일부는 insoluble form의 precursor로 발현되기도 하는 것으로 생각된다. 유가배양시 온도변화 전략을 사용하여 고농도 배양에서 발현을 유도하였다. 온도변화 전략은 $37^{\circ}C$에서 $28^{\circ}C$를 거쳐 $22^{\circ}C$로 3단계로 변화시켰다. 이러한 전략으로 PGA활성은 19.6 U/mL이며 균체량은 600 nm에서 흡광도가 62까지 도달하였다.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제10B권3호
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• pp.243-248
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 학습 자료로부터 비선형 특징추출과 분류를 위한 점진적인 커널 주성분 분석 방법(IKPCA)을 제안한다. 일괄처리 방식의 커널 주성분 분석 방법은 학습 자료의 크기가 클 경우 과도한 계산량이 문제가 된다. 또한 새로 추가 되는 학습 자료가 있을 경우 고유벡터를 계산하기 위해 고유공간 전체를 다시 계산해야 하는 문제점이 있다. IKPCA는 이러한 문제점들을 고유공간 모델의 점진적인 계산과 경험 커널사상에 의해 해결하였다. IKPCA는 일괄처리방식의 커널 주성분 분석에 비해 기억공간 요구량에 있어 효율적이며 학습 자료의 재학습에 의해 성능을 쉽게 향상시킬 수 있다. 비선형 자료에 대한 실험을 통해 IKPCA는 일괄처리방식의 커널 주성분 분석 방법에 비해 특징추출과 분류 문제의 성능에 있어 유사한 결과를 나타내었다.

• 정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2019

본 논문에서 인공 신경망을 이용한 시계열 데이터 예측 사례에 대해 서술한다. 본 연구에서는 텐서 플로우 라이브러리를 사용하여 배치 기반의 인공 신경망과 스타케스틱 기반의 인공신경망을 구현하였다. 실험을 통해, 구현된 각 신경망에 대해 훈련 에러와 시험에러를 측정하였다. 신경망 훈련과 시험을 위해서 미국의 인디아나주의 공식 웹사이트로부터 8개월간 수집된 세금 데이터를 사용하였다. 실험 결과, 배치 기반의 신경망 기법이 스타케스틱 기법보다 좋은 성능을 보였다. 또한, 좋은 성능을 보인 배치 기반의 신경망을 이용하여 약 7개월 간 종합 세수 예측을 수행하고 예측된 결과와 실제 데이터를 수집하여 비교 실험을 진행 하였다. 실험 결과, 예측된 종합 세수 금액 결과가 실제값과 거의 유사하게 측정되었다.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제10권12호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2020

전자전의 레이더 신호식별은 신호수신기가 생성한 PDW(Pule Description Word)를 분석해서 펄스반복 간격(PRI, Pulse Repetition Interval)을 인식하는 기술이다. 일반적으로 여러 개의 PDW를 수집해 한 번에 처리하는 배치처리 방식으로 PRI를 식별한다. 본 논문에서는 스트리밍 프로세스에 기초한 신호 특성 추출 알고리즘을 제안한다. 이 기술은 신호수신기에서 PDW를 생성할 때마다 PDW 군집이 형성되는지 조사하고, 레이더 펄스의 도착시간 차이(difference of TOA(Time of Arrival)) 히스토그램을 만들고, 집중도를 기반으로 프레임 PRI를 구하고, 스태거 단계 수를 결정한다. 실험에 의하여 군집의 크기가 증가함에 따라 안정된 인식 결과를 도출한다는 것을 입증했다.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.19-43
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• 2005

This paper considers a variation of the customer order scheduling problem, and the variation is the case where the machine-job assignment is fixed. We examine the parallel machine environment, and the objective is to minimize the sum of the completion times of the batches. While a machine can process only one job at a time, different machines can simultaneously process different jobs in a batch. The recognition version of this problem is known to be NP-complete in the strong sense even if there exist only two parallel machines. When there are an arbitrary number of parallel machines, we establish three lower bounds and develop a dynamic programming (DP) algorithm which runs in exponential time on the number of batches. We present two simple but intuitive heuristics, SB and GR, and find some special cases where SB and GR generate an optimal schedule. We also find worst case upper bounds on the relative error. For the case of the two parallel machines, we show that GR generates an optimal schedule when processing times of all batches are equal. Finally, the heuristics and the lower bounds are empirically evaluated.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.1092-1098
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• 2013

Cassava constitutes an abundant substrate in tropical regions. The production of butanol in ABE fermentation by Clostridium beijerinckii BA101 using cassava flour (CF) was scaled-up to bioreactor level (5 L). Optimized fermentation conditions were applied; that is, $40^{\circ}C$, 60 g/l CF, and enzymatic pretreatment of the substrate. The batch fermentation profile presented an acidogenic phase for the first 24 h and a solventogenic phase afterwards. An average of 37.01 g/l ABE was produced after 83 h, with a productivity of 0.446 g/l/h. Butanol production was 25.71 g/l with a productivity of 0.310 g/l/h, high or similar to analogous batch processes described for other substrates. Solvent separation by different combinations of fractioned and azeotropic distillation and liquid-liquid separation were assessed to evaluate energetic and economic costs in downstream processing. Results suggest that the use of cassava as a substrate in ABE fermentation could be a cost-effective way of producing butanol in tropical regions.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2011

The needs for satellite formation flying are gradually increasing to perform the advanced space missions in remote sensing and observation of the space or Earth. Formation flying in low Earth orbit can perform the scientific missions that cannot be realized with a single spacecraft. One of the various techniques of satellite formation flying is the determination of the precise baselines between the satellites within the formation, which has to be in company with the precision validation. In this paper, the baseline of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) A and B was determined with the real global positioning system (GPS) measurements of GRACE satellites. And baseline precision was validated with the batch and sequential processing methods using K/Ka-band ranging system (KBR) biased range measurements. Because the proposed sequential method validate the baseline precision, removing the KBR bias with the epoch difference instead of its estimation, the validating data (KBR biased range) are independent of the data validated (GPS-baseline) and this method can be applied to the real-time precision validation. The result of sequential precision validation was 1.5~3.0 mm which is similar to the batch precision validation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.626-632
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• 2005

A new bacterium BL-2 excreting a novel cationic polyglucosamine biopolymer was isolated from the spoiled leaves of Chinese cabbage and identified as Enterobacter sp. BL-2. The isolated Enterobacter sp. BL-2 was cultivated in pH-stat fed-batch culture using acetic acid as the feeding stock at pH 8.0, resulting in 17.11 g/l of cells and 1.53 g/l of an extracellular biopolymer after 72 h. The excreted biopolymer was purified by a three-step procedure, involving ethanol precipitation and deproteinizations, to a nearly homogeneous state, and its molecular weight was found to be 106 kDa. It was composed of glucosamine, rhamnose, and galactose at a molar ratio of 86.4:1.6:1.0, respectively, indicating a rarely found novel high-glucosamine-containing biopolymer. The FT-IR and $^{13}C-NMR$ spectra of the novel cationic polyglucosamine biopolymer PGB-l revealed a close identity with chitosan from crab shell. It can effectively flocculate various suspended solids, including kaolin clay, $Ca(OH)_2,\;Al_{2}O_3$, active carbon, microbial cells, and acidic dyes.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제48권10호
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• pp.1303-1310
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• 1999

In this paper, the Timed Petri-Nets(TPN) modeling of Modular Cell Manufacturing Systems(MCMS) was investigated to overcome the limit of batch mode operation, which has been one of the most popular manufacturing types to produce an extensive industrial output and to be able to adopt to suitable and quickly changing manufacturing environments. A model of the MCMS was developed in reference to the actual TFT-LCD manufacturing system. TFT-LCD manufacturing system is not mass-productive in batch mode, but it operates in the form of MCMS which consists of a sequence of several cells with four processes of operation, including those of color filter(C/F), TFT, cell, and module. The cell process is further regrouped in those of Front-End and Back-End. For the Back-End cell process, it is reconstructed into a virtual model, consisting of three cells. The TPN modeling encompasses those properties, such as states and operations of machines, the number of buffers, and the processing time. The performance of the modeling was further examined in terms of scheduling system. The productivity in each cells was examined with respect to the change of failure rate of the cell machines and Automatic Guided Vehicles(AGV) using simulation by TPN.