• 대한교통학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.237-246
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• 2015

도로시설물의 운영 및 유지관리는 기능을 유지하기 위해 반복적으로 이루어지는 온실가스 배출 활동이며, 도로를 계획 및 시공, 운영, 유지보수의 전과정 측면에서 봤을 때 이미 건설된 도로시설물과 신규로 건설하고자 하는 도로시설물에 대해 탄소배출을 줄이기 위한 접근이 용이한 활동이기 때문에 운영 및 유지관리 단계에서 탄소배출량의 정량화는 매우 중요하다. 하지만 도로시설물의 운영 및 유지관리 단계에서의 정량적인 탄소배출량 산정은 분산되어 있는 활동 자료의 수집의 어려움과 탄소배출량 산정 과정의 복잡성을 이유로 정량적인 탄소배출량 산정은 이루어지지 않고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 도로시설물의 운영 및 유지보수 단계에서 탄소배출원단위를 산정하였고, 이를 활용해 2012년 기준으로 국내에 건설되어 운영중인 고속국도 및 일반국도에 대해 탄소배출량을 산정하였다.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.43-54
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• 2008

The aim of the research is to find out the direction of unit-plans in multi-dwellings for the future society. Shinonome Canal Court where residents actually live now are the objects in this study, and the residential floor plan of unit-plans were analyzed to find out the typical types. The analysis was focused on the unit-plans of 5 blocks of Shinonome Canal Court. Space Syntax Theory was used as the analysis method. As the first stage of the analysis, justified graphs were made to find out the characters of unit-plans through the classification of the graphs. Contents of the analysis are as follows: Relationship between classified justified graphs and dimension according to node number. Relationship between classified justified graph patterns and unit-plans. Characters of unit-plans in each blocks. Shinonome Canal Court consists of mainly small scale unit-plans and 30unit-plans are classified. 1LDK, 2LDK, 1LDK+S, 1LDK+f are typical unit-plans which are mainly supplied in the complex. It is noted that the results of the analysis by node, justified graph pattern and dimension are the same. It also presents diverse unit-plans which shows a change in nLDK pattern or add f (foyer), AN (annex), S (service room), Fs (free space) to basic nLDK type. In summary, it demonstrates the possibility of creating new residental floor plans in multi-dwellings.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.265-275
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• 2002

Pursose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the selected nursing interventions and to describe the most common nursing interventions used by neurosurgery unit nurses. Method: The data was collected from 65 nurses of 5 general hospitals from Jan. 8, 2001 to Feb. 28, 2001. The instrument for this study was the Korean translation of 486 nursing intervention classifications, developed by MacClosky & Bluecheck in 2000. In the 486 nursing interventions 310 nursing interventions were selected, 8 from among the 10 professional nurses group in the neurosurgery care unit. The 310 nursing interventions were used in a secondary questionnaire. In the secondary questionnaire, all 310 intervention lables and definitions were listed. The data was analysed with SPSS program. Result: The results of this study are as follows. 1. The most frequently used nursing intervention domains were "physiological: complex", "physiological: basic", "Health system", "Behavior", "Safety", "Family". 2. Neurosurgery care unit core nursing interventions were performed several times a day by 50% or more of the Neurosurgery care unit. Neurosurgery core nursing intervention, 5 domain ("physiological: complex", "physiological: basic", "Health system", "Safety", "Behavior"), 16 class, 48 core nursing intervention. The most frequently used Neurosurgery core nursing interventions were Intravenous Therapy, Pressure ulcer prevention, Documentation, Airway suctioning, Medication: intravenous, Pain management, Medication: intramuscular, Shift report, Intravenous insertion, Positioning, Aspiration precaution, Pressure management, Physician support, Pressure ulcer care. 3. Compared with carrier and age of nurses, the more effective nursing interventions were "Family", Compared with the nursing place and the use of nursing interventions of nurses the most effective nursing interventions were "Health system" performed by nurse in university hospital. Conclusion: The purpose of this study was to analysis the nursing intervention performed by neurosurgery unit nurses. This study analyses nursing intervention and core nursing interventions performed by neurosurgery unit nurses. Basis on this study result, neurosurgery nursing interventions will be systematized, and progression of qualitative nursing, data of computerized nusing information system will be utilized.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.171-181
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• 2012

In the new video coding standard, called high efficiency video coding (HEVC), the coding unit (CU) is adopted as a basic unit of a coded block structure. Therefore, the rate control (RC) methods of H.264/AVC, whose basic unit is a macroblock, cannot be applied directly to HEVC. This paper proposes the largest CU (LCU) level RC method for hierarchical video coding in a HEVC. In the proposed method, the effective bit allocation is performed first based on the hierarchical structure, and the quantization parameters (QP) are then determined using the Cauchy density based rate-quantization (RQ) model. A novel method based on the linear rate model is introduced to estimate the parameters of the Cauchy density based RQ model precisely. The experimental results show that the proposed RC method not only controls the bitrate accurately, but also generates a constant number of bits per second with less degradation of the decoded picture quality than with the fixed QP coding and latest RC method for HEVC.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1553-1560
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• 2008

The modern logistics has tried not only to convert the conventional packing system into unit load system using pallet but also to enhance the fitness between packing facilities and transport modes. This is based on the goal to reduce total logistics cost using logistics efficiency. Because the packing unit can affect on both loading rate and loading facilities, the basic form of packing unit is very important to the unit load system. In Korea, the standardization of logistics has been centered on pallet, and the basic condition will be continued except of the variety of standardized pallet form. Because of this, to enhance the standardization of pallet, it is necessary to develop new standard size and form of pallet. The object of this study is to develop a new method of collecting the effectiveness of standardized packing module. The new method is based on measure of effectiveness (MOE) which can be developed by expert survey. This study has originality from the fact that the collecting method for effectiveness of pallet standardization has not been developed up to now.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2015

Purpose: At the moment, There is a facility standard for intensive care units on the Korea medical services Act. However, the contents of regulation are so limited and difficult to apply. Therefore, it is necessary to draw up the guideline to complement the regulation for efficient operation of intensive care units. This study aims to suggest basic data for guideline of intensive care units. Methods: 2 Methods have been used in this paper. 1) Comparative analysis between the national regulation of Korea with the design standard of the United States America, the United Kingdom and Australia. 2) A literature survey about operation method for intensive care unit, focused on materials published in intensive care medicine society of each country. Results: In comparison with guideline of abroad cases, additional supplement are required, with regard to item such as operation environment, size, nursing manpower ratio, bed space area, space program of intensive care units for healing environment. Implications: This study is a basic research for guideline of intensive care unit, and need to be followed by further study using various perspectives and methods.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.51-62
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• 2020

Purpose: The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is an important inpatient care area where critical patients are treated intensively with advanced medical technology. The level of care of ICU and the modernization of related facilities is an important indicator of health care quality. At the present time, when the Regional public hospitals are frequently expanding, the rational planning of the ICU has become an important part of the medical institutions treating the ICU. The purpose of this study is to present basic data with net area which can be used in the architectural planning of the ICU. Methods: The investigation and analysis of the ICUs were conducted on 26 medical facilities, based on theoretical analysis through relevant guidelines, articles, and documents, and on the basis of the actual space composition and net area analysis through the architectural drawings. Results: This study provides basic data such as zone division, spatial composition, relationship between main activities and zones, composition of facilities in the zone and area ratio within each zone. Implications: The results of this paper are expected to be effective reference materials for future research for rational spatial organization and efficient operation of the Intensive Care Unit in regional public hospitals.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2019

Purpose: The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is an important inpatient care area where critical patients are treated intensively with advanced medical technology. The level of care of ICU and the modernization of related facilities is an important indicator of health care quality. At the present time, when the Regional public hospitals are frequently expanding, the rational planning of the ICU has become an important part of the medical institutions treating the ICU. The purpose of this study is to present basic data with net area which can be used in the architectural planning of the ICU. Methods: The investigation and analysis of the ICUs were conducted on 24 medical facilities, based on theoretical analysis through relevant guidelines, articles, and documents, and on the basis of the actual space composition and net area analysis through the architectural drawings. Results: This study provides basic data such as bed placement type of ICU, relationship with other departments, distance between NS and bed, distance between beds, and net area of disease by type. Implications: The results of this paper are expected to be effective reference materials for future research for rational spatial organization and efficient operation of the Intensive Care Unit in regional public hospitals.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1991년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집(국제학술편); KOEX, Seoul; 22-24 Oct. 1991
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• pp.1718-1723
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• 1991

The determination of a production sequence is an important problem in a batch process operation. In this paper a new algorithm for a near optimal production sequence of N product in an M unit serial multiproduct batch process is proposed. The basic principle is the same as that of Johnson's algorithm for two-unit UIS system. Test results on a number of selected examples exhibit the superiority over previously reported results. In addition, a tabulation technique is presented to calculate the makespan of a given sequence of production for all processing units under UIS mode.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.541-549
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• 2010

In this paper we derive an integral formula on an (n + 1)-dimensional, compact, minimal contact CR-submanifold M of (n - 1) contact CR-dimension immersed in a unit (2m+1)-sphere $S^{2m+1}$. Using this integral formula, we give a sufficient condition concerning with the scalar curvature of M in order that such a submanifold M is to be a generalized Clifford torus.