• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.106-117
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• 2022

This study analyzes the characteristics of the "Conclusions" section of a thesis in elementary science education and presents a conclusion model that can be used in elementary science education. In the "Elementary Science Education" journal published by the Elementary Science Education Association, the conclusion section was analyzed on the four-year academic papers published. First, the title of the concluding chapter and the number of conclusions frequently used in elementary science education were identified. Results showed that most commonly used title for the conclusion section was "Conclusion and Suggestion," and the length of the section was 85.4 lines or 2.1 pages.. Then, as a result of analyzing the conclusions of elementary science journals in sentence units, we found stages as a kind of semantic unit frequently used in elementary science education papers. Further, we obtained that these stages are often used in connection with specific stages. Finally, a conclusion template for papers commonly used in elementary science education was presented. The results of this study can be used as basic data when drafting elementary science education papers. Furthermore, specific thesis regarding education plans and educational materials might be prepared for elementary science education graduate students based on the present results.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.619-630
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• 2022

The concrete mix design and compressive strength evaluation are used as basic data for the durability of sustainable structures. However, the recent diversification of mixing factors has created difficulties in calculating the correct mixing factor or setting the reference value concrete mixing design. The purpose of this study is to design a predictive model of bidirectional analysis that calculates the mixing elements of ternary concrete using deep learning, one of the artificial intelligence techniques. For the DNN-based predictive model for calculating the concrete mixing factor, performance evaluation and comparison were performed using a total of 8 models with the number of layers and the number of hidden neurons as variables. The combination calculation result was output. As a result of the model's performance evaluation, an average error rate of about 1.423% for the concrete compressive strength factor was achieved. and an average MAPE error of 8.22% for the prediction of the ternary concrete mixing factor was satisfied. Through comparing the performance evaluation for each structure of the DNN model, the DNN5L-2048 model showed the highest performance for all compounding factors. Using the learned DNN model, the prediction of the ternary concrete formulation table with the required compressive strength of 30 and 50 MPa was carried out. The verification process through the expansion of the data set for learning and a comparison between the actual concrete mix table and the DNN model output concrete mix table is necessary.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.111 no.4
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• pp.511-529
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• 2022

The forest vegetation of the Korean Peninsula is dominated by deciduous Fagaceae forests. The study aimed to comparethe correlation between species composition and environmental factors in Namsan, Odaesan, and Ulleungdo. A vegetation survey of 75 sites was conducted from May to August 2018. Seven vegetation types were classified. The inland representative vegetation was classified as a Quercus mongolica community, and the island representative vegetation was classified as a Fagus multinervis community. The Quercus mongolica community was subdivided into the Aria alnifolia group, representative of cities, and the Tilia amurensis group, representative of mountainous regions. Analysis of important values and indicator species to examine the succession trends according to regional types showed that urban and island forestswere maintained as Fagaceae communities, and that mountainous region foreststransitioned to broadleaf species, such as Tilia amurensis and Carpinus cordata. A CCA analysis of vegetation type and site environmental factors showed that altitude had the biggest effect on species composition at the same latitude. The study results should contribute to a better understanding of the Korean Peninsula forest ecosystem characteristics and provide basic data for establishing a systematic conservation and restoration plan.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.80-85
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• 2023

New yellow quinoline-dione dye derivatives were designed and synthesized for use in image sensor color filters. The synthesized compounds have a basic chemical structure composed of quinoline and dione groups. New materials were evaluated on the basis of their optical and thermal properties under conditions mimicking those of a commercial device fabrication process. A comparison of their related performances revealed that, between the two prepared compounds, 2-(3-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-ylidene)-1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dione (HQIDO) exhibited the superior performance as an image sensor color filter material, including a solubility greater than 0.5 wt% in propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate solvent and a high decomposition temperature of 298 ℃, respectively. The results suggest that HQIDO can be used as a yellow dye additive in an image sensor colorant.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.99-104
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• 2022

Aircraft pylon connects the engine or external stores to the main wing, and transfers the load acting on the pylon to the main structure of the aircraft. In particular, it should perform the function of separating the external store mounted on the pylon in case of emergency or mission performance. At this time, if the separation of the external store is not performed properly due to peripheral air flow or functional problems during the separation process of the external store, it may seriously impact the survivability of the aircraft. For this reason, to apply an external attachment to an aircraft, it is necessary to prove the stability of the external attachment in the separation situation in advance. In this paper, we present the result of the ground separation test performed to confirm that the external fuel tank, which is an external attachment, can be safely separated from the pylon. As a result of the test, the separation movement of the external fuel tank was measured with a high-speed camera, and the stability of the separation of the external fuel tank from the pylon were confirmed through the ground separation test. Additionally, the test result provides basic data for the stability evaluation of the separation of external attachments in actual aircraft.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.270-279
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• 2022

In this paper, system dynamics considering dynamics and time was examined to study the changes in system structure according to reinforcement (policy intervention) of regulation and punishment for fishing boats, and the strategizing directions were analyzed. Until now, regulations and punishments on fishing boats have been conducted temporarily and short-term as a precautionary measure to prevent accidents and imposed penalties. However, due to various anomalous side effects, the expected results were not achieved, negligent accidents occurred constantly, and follow-up measures were repeated. Resultantly, the regulation and punishment of fishing boats is a reinforced safety standard, and there is a necessity to improve facilities, equipment, and industry, and develop technology (including time delay) to prevent accidents. However, as the negative (illegal) activities continue without immediate and significant resistance, the safety blind spot for accident prevention cannot be minimized. Thus, policy intervention based on linear thinking without sufficiently considering variables of the dynamic mechanism and time can distort the basic values pursued by the policy. For the regulation and punishment of fishing boats, a strategy to supplement the mechanism should be prepared prior to the preparation of reinforced safety standards. Improvement and development of related technologies, mandatory training hours for anglers, fishing industry, and related organizations, proposal of specific action plan for Fishing Management and Promotion Act for growing fishing-related industries.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.179-193
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• 2022

Amid the explosive growth of various metaverse platforms, there is no unified indicator to measure, analyze, and evaluate based on customer experience. Therefore, the usability evaluation factors in metaverse were identified through a heuristic methodology and literature review, to evaluate the metaverse, a two-to three-dimensional virtual world platform. A measurable system was established by subdividing 20 items in 5 fields, including user control, information structure, design and content, and usage environment, derived through Delphi technique. Based on this, after experiencing the actual contents of major metaverse platforms such as Roblox and Zepeto, usability was evaluated and comparative verification was conducted. As a result, it was estimated that metaverse user experience could be improved as its utility was derived relatively high in terms of user control and content. This study constitutes a theoretical contribution by extending the usability evaluation system, which has been widely used in the field of service design, to the fields of extended reality and mixed reality. At the same time, it has practical key findings of providing basic judgment standards to stakeholders in the metaverse field, as well as policy implications for digital capability enhancement and industry revitalization.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.956-961
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• 2022

Plant Chloroplast have several advantages as an expression platform of biopharmaceuticals over conventional expression platforms such as mammalian cells, yeast and bacteria. First, plants do not serve as a host for mammalian infectious virus and have endotoxin like bacteria which can cause anaphylactic shock. In addition, high copy number of chloroplast genome allows for chloroplast transformants to reach the high level of expression of heterologous genes. Moreover, the integration of transgenes into specific region of chloroplast genomes makes chloroplast transformants unaffected by positional effect which can be frequently observed from nuclear transformants, resulting in loss of transgene expressions. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a kind of innate immunity which is found from bacteria to humans. Unlike conventional antibiotics, very less dosage of AMPs can have catastrophic effect on bacterial survival. Further, the repeated use of AMPs does not trigger the development of bacterial resistance. Moricin, one of the AMPs, was isolated from Bombyx mori, a silkworm moth. The C-terminal of moricin consists largely of basic amino acids, and the N-terminal has an α-helix structure. Moricin was chosen and expressed in a SUMO/SUMOase without leaving any unwanted amino acids which could potentially affect the anti-bacterial activity of the moricin. The transformation vector used in this study has already been created in this lab for the expression in both prokaryotic systems such as E. coli and chloroplast. The expressed moricin was purified using Ni columns and SUMOase, and the antibacterial activity of the purified moricin was confirmed using an agar diffusion assay.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.287-304
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• 2022

Purpose: The size of the salad consumption market has expanded since Covid-19, and continuous growth is predicted. Therefore, by extracting influential core purchasers in the salad consumption market and analyzing their purchasing behaviors and consumer types, this study intended to provide basic data for establishing a marketing strategy. Methods: The analysis data is the purchasing data of 576 people who have purchased salads between 2016 and 2020 (panel data of the Rural Development Administration), and in the social network analysis, the centrality structure was analyzed. Results: First, in the results of analyzing the causes of the rapid increase in salad consumption in 2020, it was found that the increase in consumption of new purchasers (n=102) had little effect. The existing consumer type (n = 474), which has been the majority of the salad consumption market so far, were consumers with stable income. However, the results of study indicated that the type of consumers has expanded since low-income class as well as high-income class increased consumption of purchasing salad. Second, in the results of analyzing the types of key purchasers with great influence in the salad consumption market, there was a difference from the results of frequency analysis in age, number of family members, existence/absence of children, and income decile. This suggests that there should be a difference between the type of customers according to the apparent quantitative figure and the actual influential purchasers. Third, in the results of analyzing the salad purchasing behaviors of core purchasers, the purchasing site for existing purchasers was large-scale marts and for new purchasers it was corporate-type supermarkets. Purchases were concentrated on Saturdays for both existing and new purchasers. As for the purchased products, existing purchasers had a high preference for products made of chicken, and new purchasers had a high preference for vegetable/fruit salad. In particular, in the results of purchased products by age group, in the case of 50s and 60s, it was an interesting result that there was a difference between the products purchased by the existing and new purchasers even though they were the same age. Conclusion: When establishing a marketing strategy in the salad consumption market, it is necessary to pay attention to the purchasing behavior of key buyers.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.201-220
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• 2023

Power cable tunnels is one of the underground structures meant for electricity transmission and are constructed using shield TBM method when transitting across urban and subsea regions. With the increasing shaft depth for tunnels excavation when the shield TBM excavated the rock mass, the review of selecting closed-type shield TBM in rocks becomes necessary. A simplified shield TBM design method is also necessary based on conventional geotechnical survey results. In this respect, design method and related design program are developed based on combined results of full-scale tests, considerable amount of accumulated TBM data, and numerical simulation results. In order to validate the program results, excavation data of a completed power cable tunnel project are utilized. Thrust force, torque, and power of shield TBM specification are validated using Kernel density concept which estimates the population data. The robustness of design expertise is established through this research which will help in stable provision of electricity supply.