• Journal of Science Education
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.691-702
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• 2014

The purposes of this study were to develop the Interactive art STEAM program integrated science and art and to investigate the interest and perception of the elementary school students about the STEAM program. The Interactive art STEAM program was developed by the STEAM program team consisting of science education specialists, an art education specialist, and classroom teachers. The program included the science concepts which were relevant to the indicator reaction of acids and bases. The STEAM program had 3 steps: seeing the many interactive arts related to the program, and imitating the interactive arts, then creating new projects with the interactive art. The program was administered to a small class consisting of 11 $6^{th}$ grade students of an elementary school in S city. The results showed that Interactive art STEAM program improved students' interest about science and art classes. Also the students convinced that science and art could be integrated through the experiences of the Interactive art STEAM program. They were satisfied with the program and wanted to participate in another STEAM program.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.511-521
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• 2007

It is very important that design based on preference of consumers who continuously change. Therefore, the method that can decide on the design concept which a consumer can prefer in future points of time that a design is released is necessary. There may be various ways to decide a design concept, but trend analysis is one of the best ways to be able to satisfy consumer preference. The purpose of this study is to provide a process that can give a direction of MP3 player design oriented consumer emotion. For the purpose, we considered about trend analysis as the ways that can present the design direction that can grasp a change of continuous preference, and a consumer can prefer with early bases in future points of time of a consumer. In this empirical research, we decided on design elements and levels of the elements after collecting 228 MP3 players released from 2000 to 2007, and carried out trend analysis through homogeneity analysis by SPSS program. In the result, we knew that future consumers also will regard emotional experience consumption as important. So, MP3 player design will be developed into consumer emotion-oriented design. We predict 4 trends for a future MP3 player design. 1. Development of high-priced MP3 player with various multimedia functions. 2. Development of MP3 player with basic functions. 3. Development of new convergence products with MP3 function. 4. Development of new MP3 player based on flash memory. If designers can infer a future MP3 player design from this design trend results, the probability that can occupy competitive advantage in their competitions will be high. Therefore this study can be useful.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2010

Until now, the location and the size of gate are designed by only experience and intuitive use judgement. However there are no studies that investigated how many people will be using each subway gate depending on the location of gates. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a gate choice model of subway station. The most critical element of a gate choice in subway station is the location of pedestrian's destinations. In this study, the development of the regression model is constructed from data of land use characteristic of station vicinity and the number of bus route and the space structure of station vicinity(Depth concept by Space Syntax analysis and total road length of station vicinity) by using the real data of 30 subway station in Seoul. This study found that subway pedestrian flow are mainly determined by three factors; the total floor space of commercial buildings, Total Depth(space structure index of station vicinity), and the number of bus route. The verification of a proposed model is done by using the real gate pedestrian data of two subway station in Seoul; Gang-nam and Yang-jae. The additional study of how to define the gate impact area is analysed. Therefore, this study will provide the theoretical bases in decision of gate location and size when a new subway station is opened in future.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.119-135
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• 2004

A three-dimensional numerical model using POM (the Princeton Ocean Model) is established in order to understand the dispersion processes of the Yangtze River water in the Yellow and East China Seas. The circulation experiments for the seas are conducted first, and then on the bases of the results the dispersion experiments for the river water are executed. For the experiments, we focus on the tide effects and wind effects on the processes. Four cases of systematic experiments are conducted. They comprise the followings: a reference case with no tide and no wind, of tide only, of wind only, and of both tide and wind. Throughout this study, monthly mean values are used for the Kuroshio Current input in the southern boundary of the model domain, for the transport through the Korea Strait, for the river discharge, for the sea surface wind, and for the heat exchange rate across the air-sea interface. From the experiments, we obtained the following results. The circulation of the seas in winter is dependent on the very strong monsoon wind as several previous studies reported. The wintertime dispersion of the Yangtze River water follows the circulation pattern flowing southward along the east coast of China due to the strong monsoon wind. Some observed salinity distributions support these calculation results. In summertime, generally, low-salinity water from the river tends to spread southward and eastward as a result of energetic vertical mixing processes due to the strong tidal current, and to spread more eastward due to the southerly wind. The tide effect for the circulation and dispersion of the river water near the river mouth is a dominant factor, but the southerly wind is still also a considerable factor. Due to both effects, two major flow directions appear near the river mouth. One of them is a northern branch flow in the northeast area of the river mouth moving eastward mainly due to the weakened southerly wind. The other is a southern branch flow directed toward the southeastern area off the river mouth mostly caused by tide and wind effects. In this case, however, the tide effect is more dominant than the wind effect. The distribution of the low salinity water follows the circulation pattern fairly well.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.29-47
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• 2007

Owing to the rapid growth of using the Internet, not only click-and-mortar companies but also brick-and-mortar ones have been expanding their distribution channels into online, Moreover, since online channels are more attractive than offline ones in control and maintenance, switching customers into online ones is emerged as one of very important managerial issues in a view of reduction of cost as well as expansion of services. However, the switched customers should be faced by uncertainties which could not have been experienced in offline. Specifically, in online channels, buyers and sellers are separated temporally and spacially and there are always so many kinds of threat for security as well as not enough systems and conventions for them yet. Therefore, trust has been considered as one of the most critical mechanisms for resolution of such uncertainties in online transactions. However, it is not easy to build and maintain the relationships in online since most of them are virtual and indirect generally. Therefore, in order to switch offline customers into online ones, it is very important to make strategies based on identification of the relationship between online transaction and offline trust which has been built in offline business. Generally offline trust, which has been built independent of online, could not include trust for online-dependent activities such as payment security during or after transactions, while most of online trust include it. Therefore, a customer with high offline trust does not always perceive high security and assure safe transactions. Accordingly, while online trust, where technical capabilities for online security is one of main bases, includes control trust implicitly or explicitly, offline trust does not. However. in spite of such clear discrimination and independence between offline trust and perceived security, there can be the significant dependency between these two beliefs. The customers with high offline trust believe that the company would do some activities for online security for customers' safe transactions since it has been believed of doing well for customers' trust. Theoretically, users' perception of security is interpreted as a kind of control trus, which is trust for company's technical control capacities in order to resolve technical uncertainties in online. Therefore, the relationship between two beliefs can be considered as transference from offline trust to another type trust. that is, control trust. The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of offline trust on online transaction uses mediated by perceived security. For this purpose, we suggest a research model based on technology acceptance model (TAM). Reuse intention is adopted as a dependent variable and TAM is modified by adding perceived risk (PR) as well as two beliefs of using Internet banking, perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU). Moreover, perceive security (PS) is adopted as an external variable for PR and PU, while offline trust (OT) is an antecedent of PS. For an empirical test, sampling from 108 visitors to the banks in Daegu, Korea, we analyze our model by partial least square (PLS) approach. In result, our model is shown to explain 51.4% of the variance in reuse intention and all hypothesis are supported statistically. A theoretical implication of this study is to identify a role of PS between offline trust and reuse intention of using online transaction services. According to our result, PS can be considered as a mediation variable for bridging between two different concepts: trust that explains social aspects of customers and companies, and TAM that explains customers' reuse intention.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.47-67
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• 2004

Objectives : In the present study, the effect of Scolopendrid Water-Alcohol Extract (SWAE) applied to acupuncture point BL23 (Shinsu) on the neuropathic pain was examined. A common source of persistent pain in humans is the neuropathic pain. Anti-convulsant drugs are used to treat the neuropathic pain. In the oriental medicine, Scolopendrid was used for long time to treat convulsant syndrome and back pain, etc. Methods : On the bases of the Scolopendrid clinical application, the effect of SWAE applied to the acupuncture point was tested in the rat model of neuropathic pain. Neuropathic pain was induced by tight ligation of L5 spinal nerve. When rats developed pain behaviors, One hundred microliter of SWAE was applied into the ipsilateral BL23 point at a dose of 10 mg/ml under enflurane anesthesia. The foot withdraw latency of the hind limb was measured for an indicator of pain level after each manipulation. Results : SWAE injection increased the mechanical threshold of the foot in the rat model of neuropathic pain significantly for the duration of 4h, suggesting a partial alleviation of pain. SWAE applied to BL23 point produced a significant improvement of mechanical sensitivity of the foot lasting for at least 4h. However, neither contralateral BL23 point, ST25 (Chonchu) point, nor LR3 (Taechung) point produce as much increase of mechanical sensitivity as ipsilateral BL23 point. And, this increase of mechanical sensitivity was dose-dependent. The improvement of mechanical threshold was interpreted as an analgesic effect. In addition, the analgesic effect of Scolopendrid 4 mg/kg injection is equivalent to that of gabapentin 50 mg/kg injection. The relations between SWAE-induced analgesia and endogenous nitric oxide(NO), inducible NO synthase (iNOS)/neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) were also examined. Results were turned out that both NO production and nNOS/iNOS protein expression which are increased by nerve injury were suppressed by SWAE injection applied to BL23 point. Conclusions : The data suggest 1) that SWAE produces a potent analgesic effect on the neuropathic pain model in the rat and 2) that SWAE-induced analgesia modulate endogenous NO through the suppression of nNOS/iNOS protein expression.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.378-382
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• 2000

For the production of second crop in 'Campbell Early' grape, the primary shoots were pruned at 3rd, 6th or 9th nodes from the shoot bases on 13 days, 23 days and 33 days after full bloom date on 7th June. Secondary shoots were sprouted 7~8 days after the pruning, and it took 19~25 days for the flowering on the secondary shoots. The flower cluster number on secondary shoots were 2.8 for 13 days after full bloom, and 3.2 for 23 days and 33 days after full bloom, meaning little effect by pruning time. The 3rd node pruning produced 2~2.4 flower clusters with flower cluster length of 9.3~10.4 cm, while the 6th or 9th node pruning produced 3.1~3.8 flower clusters with flower cluster length of 12~14.9 cm, showing superior flower cluster length for the 6th or 9th node pruning. The secondary shoots developed from the buds pruned 13 days after full bloom with pruning bud positions of 6th nodes demonstrated superior fruits with higher soluble solids and lower acidity than the rest of the pruning times and positions.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.171-179
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• 2011

In this paper it is hypothesized that word stimuli that are presented by Google’s search word, would improve the quality of the design solution, so this research examines the effect of related search word stimuli in concept generation and analyzes the results through the processes of creative cognition. In the process of concept generation, words are given as stimuli which are generated through Google's related search and these search words are given by 5 levels. Google search is based on the collaboration philosophy. People's participation and contribution recreate knowledge and information, so these renewed and related search words update in real time by people are used as stimuli. Two problems are provided with related search words. After the design concept generation the results are analyzed by 3 bases: the usage of related search words and those of frequency, creativity, and Finke's 12 Geneplore model. These are the results of the research. Many levels of related search words are used in design concept generation but especially higher levels which are more related to search words are more used than lower levels. The usage of multi words and conjunction with higher levels and lower levels words are observed in creative results. On the creative cognitive processes, it is more creative when using association and mental transformation with the related search words than using the related search words simply. Creative outputs also use conceptual interpretation, functional inference, and contextual shifting of creative cognitive processes of Finke's 12 Geneplore model.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.345-351
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the rheological properties of noodles containing garlic powder, which was added to noodle bases at 1, 3 and 5% concentrations. The physical properties of the noodles with garlic powder were tested by a rapid viscoanalyzer (RVA), a farinogram, and an alveogram. The initial pasting temperature were increased with the increments in the ratio of garlic powder, whereas peak viscosity, breakdown decreased. The consistency of Farinogram was increased with the increments in the ratio of garlic powder but did not show a significant difference. The mechanical tolerance index value of noodles containing garlic powder were lower than that of the control. The $P_{max}$ and L value of the alveogram decreased with garlic powder increments.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1993-1999
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• 2013

Steel composite structures have been studied in various areas such as bridges, high rise buildings, and wind towers. They show excellent structural performance through overcoming of the weaknesses of steel and concrete. Although various methods were already developed to achieve full composite behavior between steel and concrete in flexural members, the number of studies regarding composite columns is quite limited. If slip occurs between concrete and steel under external loads, the performance of the composite column would be reduced significantly. Connection methods ensuring full composite action between steel and concrete must be suggested. This paper investigated about structural behavior of shear studs through a series of experimental tests. Extensive parameters were also performed to understand the effects of the diameter of stud, space of stud and height of concrete. The present study provides fundamental bases for further development of design method of shear studs in composite columns.