• 제목/요약/키워드: barrier function

검색결과 597건 처리시간 0.025초

Modified Airy Function Method Applied to Optical Waveguides and Quantum Tunneling: A Critical Analysis

  • Lee, Ki-Young;Kim, Chul Han;Park, Dongwook;Kim, Chang-Min
    • Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.188-198
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    • 2015
  • The validity of applying the Modified Airy Function (MAF) method to the problems of graded-index optical waveguides and graded potential barrier analysis was critically examined. In the former case, the method yielded very accurate results from the derived eigenvalue equations. In the latter case, however, the same method produced results that deviated significantly from exact numerical results for barriers with a smooth peak. The causes of the discrepancies were investigated in detail.

Laser-Induced Fluorescence Excitation Spectrum and $CF_3$ Torsional Potential Energy Function of 7-Amino-4-(trifluoromethyl)coumarin in Its $S_1$ Electrode Excited State

  • 추재범;김택수;최영식
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제17권5호
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    • pp.461-463
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    • 1996
  • The laser-induced fluorescence excitation spectrum of 7-amino-4-(trifluoromethyl)coumarin in a supersonic jet has been recorded in the 340-352 nm region. The electronic band origin was observed at 28622.8 cm-1. Vibrational assignments for the three fundamental low-frequency modes and eight combination bands have been made for the S1 electronic excited state. The out-of-plane vibrations of this molecule have been characterized from the low-frequency assignments of the spectrum. The periodic potential energy function for the CF3 torsion, which satisfactorily fits the observed data, were also determined to be V(Φ)=95X(1-cos3Φ)-32X(1-cos6Φ) where Φ is the torsional angle. The relatively low torsional barrier of 99 cm-1 in S1 state could be explained by the small steric interactions between the functional groups attached to a bicyclic ring.

Hypertension and cognitive dysfunction: a narrative review

  • Eun-Jin Cheon
    • Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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    • 제40권3호
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    • pp.225-232
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    • 2023
  • Cognitive dysfunction is relatively less considered a complication of hypertension. However, there is sufficient evidence to show that high blood pressure in middle age increases the risk of cognitive decline and dementia in old age. The greatest impact on cognitive function in those with hypertension is on executive or frontal lobe function, similar to the area most damaged in vascular dementia. Possible cognitive disorders associated with hypertension are vascular dementia, Alzheimer disease, and Lewy body dementia, listed in decreasing strength of association. The pathophysiology of cognitive dysfunction in individuals with hypertension includes brain atrophy, microinfarcts, microbleeds, neuronal loss, white matter lesions, network disruption, neurovascular unit damage, reduced cerebral blood flow, blood-brain barrier damage, enlarged perivascular damage, and proteinopathy. Antihypertensive drugs may reduce the risk of cognitive decline and dementia. Given the high prevalence of dementia and its impact on quality of life, treatment of hypertension to reduce cognitive decline may be a clinically relevant intervention.

ZnO-Bi2O3-Mn3O4-Co3O4 바리스터의 결함과 전기적 특성 (Defects and Electrical Properties of ZnO-Bi2O3-Mn3O4-Co3O4 Varistor)

  • 홍연우;이영진;김세기;김진호
    • 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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    • 제25권12호
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    • pp.961-968
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    • 2012
  • In this study, we have investigated the effects of Mn and Co co-doping on defects, J-E curves and grain boundary characteristics of ZnO-$Bi_2O_3$ (ZB) varistor. Admittance spectra and dielectric functions show two bulk defects of $Zn_i^{{\cdot}{\cdot}}$ (0.17~0.18 eV) and $V_o^{\cdot}$ (0.30~0.33 eV). From J-E characteristics the nonlinear coefficient (${\alpha}$) and resistivity (${\rho}_{gb}$) of pre-breakdown region decreased as 30 to 24 and 5.1 to 0.08 $G{\Omega}cm$ with sintering temperature, respectively. The double Schottky barrier of grain boundaries in ZB(MCo) ($ZnO-Bi_2O_3-Mn_3O_4-Co_3O_4$) could be electrochemically single type. However, its thermal stability was slightly disturbed by ambient oxygen because the apparent activation energy of grain boundaries was changed from 0.64 eV at lower temperature to 1.06 eV at higher temperature. It was revealed that a co-doping of Mn and Co in ZB reduced the heterogeneity of the barrier in grain boundaries and stabilized the barrier against an ambient temperature (${\alpha}$-factor= 0.136).

지하수 해수쐐기 제어를 위한 인공주입-연직 2차원 단면 수치실험 (Artificial Injection to Control Saltwater Intrusion in Groundwater-Numerical Study on a Vertical Cross Section)

  • 홍성훈;시뢰;최뢰;박남식
    • 지질공학
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.131-138
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    • 2009
  • 해안지역에서 과잉 양수정 보호를 위한 최적 해수쐐기 제어 전산모델을 개발하였다. 최적화 목적함수는 세 가지 종류의 관정에 대하여 유도되었다: 담수 양수, 담수 주입 그리고 해수 양수. 지하수 개발과 쐐기 제어로 인하여 지하수 체에 미치는 영향을 고려하기 위하여 환경인자를 도입하였다. 가상 연직단면에 대한 적용 예에서 담수 인공 주입을 통하여 해수침투로부터 과잉 양수정을 보호할 수 있음을 보였다. 연직 단면 수치실험에서는 주입량 조건이 만족되면 여러 주입 위치에서 동일하게 과잉 양수정을 보호할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 지하수 환경인자를 고려하면 최적 주입위치가 고유하게 결정된다.

High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) / Exfoliated Graphite (EFG) 나노복합필름 제조와 특성에 관한 연구 (Preparation and Characterization of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)/Exfoliated Graphite (EFG) Nanocomposite Films)

  • 권혁;김도완;서종철
    • 한국포장학회지
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.95-102
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    • 2013
  • 고밀도 폴리에틸렌(High density polyethylene, HDPE)을 수분에 민감한 전기전자제품, 의약품 등을 위한 하이배리어 패키징 소재로써 적용하기 위해서 높은 가로세로비(High aspect ratio)를 가진 Exfoliated graphite (이하 EFG)를 필러로 도입하였다. 또한, 효과적인 분산성과 혼화성을 위해서 상용화제를 첨가하여 HDPE/EFG 나노복합필름을 제조하였다. HDPE/EFG 나노복합필름의 EFG 함량에 따른 화학적 특성, 모폴로지(Morphology), 열적 특성 및 수분차단 특성을 조사하였다. HDPE와 EFG 사이에 화학적 결합이나 상호작용이 약하지만, EFG를 첨가함에 따라 수증기 투과도는 127에서 78 (70 ${\mu}m{\cdot}g/m^2$, $day{\cdot}atm$)까지 감소되었다. 특히, HDPE/EFG 나노복합필름은 EFG의 함량이 0.5%일 때 가장 효과적이며, 그 이상의 함량에서는 물성이 향상되지 않았다. 따라서, 물성의 극대화를 위해서는 EFG의 분산성 향상 및 HDPE와 EFG의 화학적 결합 등의 혼화성 개선에 관한 추가적인 연구가 필요하다.

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ZnO-Bi2O3-Co3O4 바리스터의 전기적 특성 (Electrical Properties of ZnO-Bi2O3-Co3O4 Varistor)

  • 홍연우;신효순;여동훈;김진호
    • 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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    • 제24권11호
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    • pp.882-889
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    • 2011
  • In this study, we have investigated the effects of Co doping on I-V curves, bulk trap levels and grain boundary characteristics of ZnO-$Bi_2O_3$ (ZB) varistor. From I-V characteristics the nonlinear coefficient (a) and the grain boundary resistivity (${\rho}_{gb}$) decreased as 32${\rightarrow}$22 and 18.4${\rightarrow}0.6{\times}10^9{\Omega}cm$ with sintering temperature (900~1,300$^{\circ}C$), respectively. Admittance spectra and dielectric functions show two bulk traps of zinc interstitial, $Zn_i^{{\cdot}{\cdot}}$(0.16~0.18 eV) and oxygen vacancy, $V_o^{{\cdot}}$ (0.28~0.33 eV). The barrier of grain boundaries in ZBCo (ZnO-$Bi_2O_3-Co_3O_4$) could be electrochemically single type. However, its thermal stability was slightly disturbed by ambient oxygen because the apparent activation energy of grain boundaries was changed from 0.93 eV at the 460~580 K to 1.13 eV at the 620~700 K. It is revealed that Co dopant in ZB reduced the heterogeneity of the barrier in grain boundaries and stabilized the barrier against the ambient temperature.

치간부 골내낭의 치주재생치료에서 골막이식의 부가적 사용 증례 (Additional use of autogenous periosteal barrier membrane combined with regenerative therapy in the interproximal intrabony defects: case series)

  • 김현주;김형민;이주연
    • 구강회복응용과학지
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    • 제33권3호
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    • pp.230-237
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    • 2017
  • 치간부 골내낭의 치주재생치료는 수술 후 발생할 수 있는 비심미성 때문에 치과의사에게 힘든 과제이다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 치간부 골내낭의 bovine bone mineral과 enamel matrix derivative (EMD)를 이용한 재생 수술에 골막을 포함한 결합조직 이식을 동반한 임상증례를 소개하고자 한다. 임상적 및 방사선학적인 검사는 술 전과 수술 6개월 이후 시행하였다. 모든 임상 지표들이 개선되었고, 방사선학적 검사에서 골내낭이 감소함을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 부가적인 결합조직이식을 통해 치간부 연조직의 증대 및 형태 개선으로 인한 심미성이 증진되는 효과도 확인할 수 있었다.

비진공법 CuInSe2 태양전지에서 MoSe2의 생성을 억제하기 위한 산화 몰리브데늄 확산장벽 층 (Molybdenum Oxides as Diffusion Barrier Layers against MoSe2 Formation in A Nonvacuum Process for CuInSe2 Solar Cells)

  • 이병석;이도권
    • Current Photovoltaic Research
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    • 제3권3호
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    • pp.85-90
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    • 2015
  • Two-step processes for preparing $Cu(In,Ga)Se_2$ absorber layers consist of precursor layer formation and subsequent annealing in a Se-containing atmosphere. Among the various deposition methods for precursor layer, the nonvacuum (wet) processes have been spotlighted as alternatives to vacuum-based methods due to their potential to realize low-cost, scalable PV devices. However, due to its porous nature, the precursor layer deposited on Mo substrate by nonvacuum methods often suffers from thick $MoSe_2$ formation during selenization under a high Se vapor pressure. On the contrary, selenization under a low Se pressure to avoid $MoSe_2$ formation typically leads to low crystal quality of absorber films. Although TiN has been reported as a diffusion barrier against Se, the additional sputtering to deposit TiN layer may induce the complexity of fabrication process and nullify the advantages of nonvacuum deposition of absorber film. In this work, Mo oxide layers via thermal oxidation of Mo substrate have been explored as an alternative diffusion barrier. The morphology and phase evolution was examined as a function of oxidation temperature. The resulting Mo/Mo oxides double layers were employed as a back contact electrode for $CuInSe_2$ solar cells and were found to effectively suppress the formation of $MoSe_2$ layer.

10 nm 이하 저도핑 DGMOSFET의 SPICE용 DIBL 모델 (Drain Induced Barrier Lowering(DIBL) SPICE Model for Sub-10 nm Low Doped Double Gate MOSFET)

  • 정학기
    • 한국정보통신학회논문지
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    • 제21권8호
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    • pp.1465-1470
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    • 2017
  • 기존의 MOSFET에서는 반전층보다 항상 실리콘 두께가 크기 때문에 드레인유도 장벽감소가 실리콘 두께에 관계없이 산화막 두께 및 채널길이의 함수로 표현되었다. 그러나 10 nm 이하 저도핑 이중게이트 구조에서는 실리콘 두께 전체가 공핍층이 형성되기 때문에 기존의 SPICE 모델을 사용할 수 없게 되었다. 그러므로 이중게이트 MOSFET에 대한 새로운 SPICE 용 드레인유도 장벽감소 모델을 제시하고자 한다. 이를 분석하기 위하여 전위분포와 WKB 근사를 이용하여 열방사 및 터널링 전류를 구하였다. 결과적으로 드레인유도 장벽감소는 상하단 산화막 두께의 합 그리고 실리콘 두께의 2승에 비례하며 채널길이의 3승에 반비례한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 특히 SPICE 파라미터인 정적 궤환계수가 1과 2사이에서 사용할 수 있어 합당한 파라미터로써 사용할 수 있었다.