• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.414-428
• /
• 2004

Many portable devices are coming to be commercially successful and provide useful services to mobile users. Mobile devices may request a variety of data types, including text and multimedia data, thanks to the rich content of the Internet. Different types of data and/or different classes of users may need to be treated with different qualities of service. The implementation of service differentiation in wireless networks is very difficult because of device mobility and wireless channel contention when the backoff algorithm is used to resolve contention. Modification of the t)mary exponential backoff algorithm is one possibility to allow the design of several classes of data traffic flows. We present a study of modifications to the backoff algorithm to support three classes of flows: sold, silver, and bronze. For example, the gold c]ass flows are the highest priority and should satisfy their required target bandwidth, whereas the silver class flows should receive reasonably high bandwidth compared to the bronze class flows. The mixture of the two different transport protocols, UDP and TCP, in ad hoc networks raises significant challenges when defining backoff algorithm modifications. Due to the different characteristics of UDP and TCP, different backoff algorithm modifications are applied to each class of packets from the two transport protocols. Nevertheless, we show by means of simulation that our approach of backoff algorithm modification clearly differentiates service between different flows of classes regardless of the type of transport protocol.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2007.10a
• /
• pp.91-94
• /
• 2007

In the IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs), network nodes experiencing collisions on the shared channel need to backoff for a random period of time, which is uniformly selected from the Contention Window (CW). This contention window is dynamically controlled by the Binary Exponential Backoff (BEB) algorithm. The BEB scheme suffers from a fairness problem and low throughput under high traffic load. In this paper, I propose a new backoff algorithm for use with the IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordination Function.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.32 no.12A
• /
• pp.1267-1275
• /
• 2007

An improved backoff algorithm for retransmission randomization for OFDMA/CDMA/slotted ALOHA used in the ranging subchannel of IEEE 802.16 network is proposed. Exploiting the fact that a base station coordinates channel access using UL-/DL-MAP in the IEEE 802.16 networks, we propose a minor modification of the existing IEEE 802.16 in order to increase throughput, decrease delay variation and achieve a graceful performance degradation in case of overload channel condition of the random access protocol. The algorithm basically estimates the number of backlogged users and arrival rate using which, the BS calculates retransmission probability for the subscriber stations involved in a collision. Computer simulation is performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and to compare the performance with existing binary exponential backoff algorithm.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2008.05a
• /
• pp.841-844
• /
• 2008

본 논문은 공개 네트워크 시뮬레이터 ns-2.31(Network Simulator 2.31)의 802.11 DCF 모듈에서 버그(bug)를 소개하고 이의 영향 결과를 분석한다. ns의 802.11 DCF 모듈은 다음과 같은 문제점을 가지고 있다. 첫째, 백오프(backoff) 알고리즘은 표준안에서 명시한 알고리즘대로 작성되지 않았다. 둘째, 특정조건에 해당되는 충돌에 대하여 트레이스 파일에 출력하지 않는다. 셋째, 전파 오류 모듈을 삽입하여도 전파 오류 결과를 트레이스 파일에 출력하지 않는다. 넷째, MAC(Medium Access Control) 알고리즘만을 평가할 수 있는 기법을 제공하지 않는다. 이러한 문제점을 수정한 ns-2와 수정전의 ns-2와 평균4.6%의 충돌률 차이를 보인다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.15 no.6
• /
• pp.1386-1390
• /
• 2011

The IEEE 802.11 MAC uses DCF for media access among the participating network nodes. But DCF alone is neither capable nor suitable for fulfilling the QoS requirements of realtime applications. There are many ways in which QoS is provided by modifying DCF based MAC. This paper proposes (m,k)-collision scheme which is based on IEEE 802.11 and (m,k)-firm scheme tries to improve DCF functionality. The proposed scheme uses different Contention Window according to the number of collision in the node. The simulation result shows that the proposed scheme helps improve the throughput of the DCF.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
• /
• 2003.11c
• /
• pp.235-238
• /
• 2003

본 논문에선 Binomial확률을 이용한 재전송 슬롯 선택방식과 충돌해결과정의 수정을 통하여 CSMA/CA 프로토콜을 항공용 VHF통신에 적합하게 변형시켰다. 일반적으로 CSMA/CA 프로세스는 경쟁 서비스에서 충돌이 일어났을 때 재전송 지연시간만큼 기다리게 되고 경쟁윈도우의 크기가 두 배로 커진다. 이로 인해 부하가 증가하면 지연시간이 커지고 처리량이 감소하며 이를 해결하기 위해 본 논문에선 충돌 플래그를 이용하여 본래의 CW의 크기 변화 과정을 변형시켰으며, CSMA/CA 전체 상태 천이 과정에서 충돌 시의 과정을 좀더 적게 거치도록 하였다. 시뮬레이션을 수행한 결과 부하가 증가하여도 처리량 및 지연 시간에 좋은 특성을 나타내었으며 제안된 프로토콜은 항공용 VHF 통신에 적합함을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.65-72
• /
• 2004

A basic access method using for IEEE 802.11a wireless LANs is the DCF method that is based on the CSMA/CA. But, Since IEEE 802.11 MAC layer uses original backoff algorithm (Exponential backoff method), when collision occurs, the size of contention windows increases the double size. Hence, packet transmission delay time increases and efficiency is decreased by original backoff scheme. In this paper, we have analyzed TCP packet transmission time of IEEE 802.11 MAC DCF protocol for wireless LANs using a proposed enhanced backoff algorithm. From the results, in OFDM/quadrature phase shift keying channel (QPSK), we can achieve that the transmission time in wireless channel decreases as the TCP packet size increases and based on the data collected, we can infer the correlation between TCP packet size and total message transmission time, allowing for an inference of the optimal packet size in the TCP layer.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2011.05a
• /
• pp.796-798
• /
• 2011

The IEEE 802.11 MAC uses DCF for media access among the participating network nodes. But DCF alone is neither capable nor suitable for fulfilling the QoS requirements of realtime applications. There are many ways in which QoS is provided by modifying DCF based MAC. This paper proposes (m,k)-collision scheme which is based on IEEE 802.11 and (m,k)-firm scheme tries to improve DCF functionality. The proposed scheme uses different Contention Window according to the number of collision in the node. The simulation result shows that the proposed scheme helps improve the throughput of the DCF.