• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.63-68
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• 2008

Single-node stem pieces ca. 1 cm in length containing a axillary bud were obtained from in vitro plants of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). The influences by a position of the node and the existence of a leaf at the node were observed in the single-node culture on the 8% sucrose MS medium. The effect of CCC was also investigated for the microtuberization. The apical part node was excellent in the tuberization not to mention shoot length, fresh weight, diameter, the number of node on the in vitro culture of a single-node than the lower part. The differences in the diameter of a tuber formed in the part of the axillary bud on all treatments including the cultivation of the apical part node were not recognized. However, the fresh weight of the tuber showed high value in the tuber formed at the axillary bud of shoot apex part. At 20 days after cultivation, tuberization was promoted in the new stolen that developed from the bud of node with a leaf under SD condition of 8 hours at $20^{\circ}C$. The tuberization from axillary bud of the single-node without leaf was inhibited at high temperature of $28^{\circ}C$ regardless of daylength. Whereas, tuberization at $20^{\circ}C$ and $28^{\circ}C$ was similar without the difference under SD condition but the tuber formation ratio were low. CCC 500 mg/L promoted tuberization and the effect was also showed even under LD condition at $28^{\circ}C$. The inhibiton of tuberization under LD and high temperature condition could be solved by treatment with CCC.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.577-586
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• 1995

This paper was the study of a change in the body temperature of each region(Oral cavity, Axillary, Cubital, Popliteal, Inguinal region)and by time after appling hot(Hot Pack, Infra Red) and cold (Ice Pack, Cooling Pack) to lumbar region. The statistical measures were sampled through 16 senior students in dept. of Physiothrapy, Kim Cheun College and the period for this was from July 13, 1995 to July 20, 1995. There was an increse in the temperature of distal portion besides application area after hot application. The increse in the body temperature according to applied agents and time showed significance statistically(p<0.01, p<0.05). There was just a decrease in the temperature of distal portions besides application area after appling Ice Pack. Furthermore there was an increase in the body temperature after appling Cooling Towel. Therefore, during cold application the appling agents and time did not showed any significance statistically.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.35-44
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was aimed to evaluate the treatment effect of psoriasis patient using pyretotherapy. Methods : The clinical study was performed using retrospective observational research method. Treatment method was pyretotherapy that optimized core temperature through herbs therapy, food therapy, excercise and life style change. In other aspects, pyretotherapy is skin cure therapy that rise core temperature, down skin temperature and open sweat gland. Results : 1. 40s years showed the most coming of clinic in the distribution of age of psoriasis patient. 2. Board type showed the most number in the classification of psoriasis. 3. Pyretotherapy was very effective results in psoriasis patient treatment. 4. Pyretotherapy showed effects of rising axillary temperature and moving facial high skin temperature toward abdominal portion. Conclusions : The author is able to say that it is possible for pyretotherapy to become new skin therapy for many skin disease, especially psoriasis.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.903-906
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• 2001

Objective : The brain temperature is about $0.4-1^{\circ}C$ higher than that of the other peripheral body area. But most of these results have been obtained in normothermic condition. The objective of this study is to evaluate the temperature difference between the brain and axilla, in patients under hypothermia. Methods : Sixty-three patients(37 women and 26 men) who underwent craniotomy with implantation of the thermal diffusion flowmetry sensor were included in this study. The temperature of the cerebral cortex and axilla was measured every 2 hours, simultaneously. The patient group was divided according to axillary temperature hyperthermia( over $38^{\circ}C$), normothermia($36-38^{\circ}C$) and hypothermia(under $36^{\circ}C$). Total 1671 paired sample data were collected and analyzed. Results : The temperature difference between the cerebral cortex and the axilla was $0.45{\pm}1.04^{\circ}C$ in hyperthermic patients, $0.97{\pm}1.1^{\circ}C$ in normothermic patients and $1.04{\pm}0.81^{\circ}C$ in hypothermic patients. The temperature difference has statistical significance in each group(unpaired t-test, p<0.05). Conclusion : From our study the temperature difference between the brain and the axilla in hypothermic condition increased more than that of normothermic state. And in hyperthermic condition, the temperature difference decreased.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.4
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• pp.568-572
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• 2010

In order to develop an efficient micropropagation system for a rare tree species, Empetrum nigrum var. japonicum K. Koch, the effect of medium salt, cytokinins and auxin at different concentration were evaluated. Shoot induction from axillary bud was better on WPM medium than on MS medium. Although there was no significant differences observed in shoot induction among the salt strengths of WPM medium, whereas healthy shoots were developed on basal WPM medium. In comparison of the cytokinins affecting shoot proliferation, zeatin was better than BA, whereas BA exhibited more effectiveness on shoot elongation. In vitro root formation was better on WPM medium than on 1/2MS medium and achieved the highest rooting rate when 5.0 mg/L IBA treatment. 93% of rooted plantlets were survived on artificial soil mixture after 4 weeks of acclimatization. Above results suggest that a rare tree species, E. nigrum var. japonicum can be micropropagated via axillary bud cultures.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.33-35
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• 1971

After topping, axillary buds of haploid plants derived from cultured anthers were treated with 0.4% aqueous solution of colchicine. Due to the high temperature and dry air at the time of treatment, most of the buds perished. A few months after the colchicine application, however, several shoots arose from the places where the dead buds were originally located. These shoots were mostly diploid. Induction of adventive shoots from the colchicine-treatedaxils was supposed to be rather effective method of obtaining diploid shoots from haploid plants. The diploid plants had larger floral organs than the haploid plants, and had good pollen fertility and seed setting. 24 bivalent chromosomes were observed at MI of the PMC's.

• Journal of Oriental Medical Thermology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2003

In Oriental medicine, Ginseng had been used for many diseases widely. It's main effects are suppling Qi and Promoting metastasis. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of Ginseng on control of body temperature. We conducted this study with 24 volunteers who had no problem in their health from November 2002 to January 2003. The body temperature were measured by DITI and thermometer before taking Ginseng and after 30minutes of the taking Ginseng extract 15g. We observed the difference of temperature among face chest and upper abdomen. All data were coded for computer analysis and significance were tested by Paired t-test and independent-t-test. According to our study, the axillary temperature show no signifiant change between two groups. The difference of temperature$({\Delta}T)$ between face and upper abdomen significantly increase after taking Ginseng extract(p<0.01). The difference of temperature$({\Delta}T)$ between face and chest significantly increase after taking Ginseng extract(p<0.05).

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.650-661
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to provide fundamental data for determining contents of Fundamental Nursing Practice and developing desirable bedside nursing techniques for clinical nursing areas. Subjects for this study were 86 nurses who were employees of two university hospitals located in Seoul and a district area. Data were collected by questionnaires. Items of Fundamental Nursing Practice were classified into 72 items according to the result from content analysis of 9 textbooks of Fundamental Nursing. The results are as follows : 1) Items which above 80% of respondents practiced during the school inside practice or clinical nursing practice course were axillary temperature measurement, radial pulse measurement, respiratory rate measurement, application of oral hygiene, hand-washing technique, application of hot and cold bags, intramuscular injection technique, open bed-making, soap enema method, application of nelaton catheterization and oral and nasal suction methods. 2) Above 90% of respondents replied that all items except temperature measurement and bed-making were requisite contents for Fundamental Nursing Practice. Above 10% of respondents replied oral and rectal temperature measurement and bed-making were unnecessary content. 3) Above 90% of respondents replied that operating methods of all items except isolation technique, admission and discharge procedures, and retention enema in the Fundamental Nursing Practice course and clinical situation were consistent. The main reasons that respondents did not apply methods which they learned in the Fundamental Nursing Practice course to the clinical situation were 'insufficient time', 'colleagues were using different methods', 'insufficient supply of instuments' or 'inappropriate appliances'.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.279-285
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• 1998

Exessive sweating of the palms and soles, is a psychologically and occupationally distressing and sometimes disabling condition. Hyperhidrosis is one of the common abnormalities in autonomic nervous system. There were no specific treatment on hyperhidrosis, so invasive thoracic sympathectomy via axillary thoracotomy or cervical approach had been used. Video-assisted thoracic surgery(VATS) is now mostly performed for treating of the palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis. From March 1996 to March 1997, 15 patients with bilateral palmar hyperhidrosis had been treated by the bilateral thoracic sympathectomy(T2, T3, T4) with thoracoscopic resection. The patient were evaluated preoperative and postoperative Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging (DITI) at Kyung-Hee University Hospital. There were no case of the thoracotomy conversion. There were 3 complications ; pulmonary edema in 1 case, Horner's syndrome in 1 case, and gustatory hyperhidrosis in 1 case. More than half of the patients also had compensatory sweating in the lower abdomen, the buttocks, the back and the thighs. In conclusion, most of the patients were satisfied with the postoperative results of the thoracoscopic sympathectomy, including no more palmar and axillary sweating, less pain, better cosmetic appearances, decreased sweating of the face and soles. In addition, intraoperative temperature monitoring of the hands could estimate the successful thoracoscopic sympathectomy and the preoperative and postoperative Digital infrared thermographic imaging(DITI) could especially be the technique for the objective manifestation of the successful results of the thoracoscopic sympathectomy.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.424-433
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• 2012

Purpose: To investigate the accuracy, precision and validity of fever detection of tympanic membrane (TM), temporal artery (TA) and axillary temperature (AT) compared with pulmonary artery temperature (PA). Methods: Repeated-measures design was conducted for one year on 83 adult cardiac care unit patients with pulmonary artery catheters after open heart surgery. Sequential temperature measurements were taken three times at 20-minute intervals. Accuracy, precision, repeatability, and validity of fever detection were analyzed. Results: Mean pulmonary artery temperature was $37.04^{\circ}C$ (SD $0.70^{\circ}C$). The mean (SD) offsets from PA, with the mean reflecting accuracy and SD reflecting precision, were $-1.31^{\circ}C$ ($0.75^{\circ}C$) for TA, $-0.20^{\circ}C$ ($0.24^{\circ}C$) for TM, and $-0.97^{\circ}C$ ($0.64^{\circ}C$) for AT. Percentage of pairs with differences within ${\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ was 9.6% for TA, 19.7% for AT, and 91.6% for TM. Repeated measurements with all three methods had mean SD values within $0.04^{\circ}C$. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of tympanic measurements were 0.76, 1.0, and 1.0, and 0.90, respectively. Conclusion: Results show that TM best reflects PA, and is most consistent, accurate, and precise. AT tends to underestimate PA, and TA is least accurate and precise. Therefore tympanic membrane measurement is a reliable alternative to other non-invasive methods of measuring temperatures.