• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.37-41
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• 1965

The frequency and pattern of sex chromatin in primary cultured cells of kidney cortex of cats and guinea-pigs, and muscle of chick embroys were examined and compared to those of in vivo condition, with special reference to the various cultured stages. 1. In cat, the frequencies of sex chromatin positive I of peripheral position were average 62.7% in female, and 15% in male, whereas those of non-peripherla position were 5.8% in female and 0.1% in male. The incident proportion between them showed a marked difference-approximately 10 times higher in female than male. These results failry indicated that a distinct nuclear dimorphism with regard to the sex chromatin positive I was established in cultured cells. The position of sex chormatin was usually peripheral location. The tendency of frequencies , with reference to the cultured stages, was low count in primary extracted and initial stage cells , but it showed a peaked frequency in 10-13 days after primary culture, and after that the frequencies were decreased gradually. Compared between I vitro and in vivo condition of the same tissues, the cells in vivo exhibited the sex chromatin in high frequency at the peak showed stage. 2. In guinea-pig , the frequencyies of peripheral positive I were 36.8% in female and 6.3% in male, while non-peripheral positions were 6.1% in female and 3.5% inmale. Its incident was a rate of nearly 4 times higher in female than male. The nuclear dimorphism was also established in cultrued cells of guinea-pig. The position and the incident frquency showed a similar pattern as in cat except the primary extracted cells. 3. In chick embryo, the frequencies of sex chromatin positive I of peripheral position were 38.2% in female, and 18.3% in male, non-peripheral position, however, was hardly to find. These results suggest that the definite sexual dimorphism was unable to find in chick embryo cultured cells. The position and the incident tendency were a similar pattern as in above mammals and the frequency was higher in vitro cells.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.71-76
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• 1998

The effects of chitosan on mastitis in lactating holstein cows were evaluated. Fifty six cows with intramammary infection(IMI) from nine farms were selected and the cows were fed with diets which contained 15~20g chitosan per day for 5~7 days. The milk samples were obtained from cows at 7 days and 14 days after administration to determine effect of the curing of mastitis and the reduction of somatic cell counts(SCC). The average value of SCC levels in quarter milk from the cows administrated with chitosan significantly decreased up to 31.8% and 47.7% at 7 and 14 days, respectively(P<0.05). The cure rates of chitosan for Stapylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative Staphylococci, Streptococci spp, other gram positive bacteria and coliforms were 30.4, 42.8, 33.3, 66.6 and 54.5 % respectively. Twenty three out of 64 cases were cured by feeding with chitosan. The results showed that administration of chitosan could reduce SCC in milk and improve cure rates of bovine mastitis caused by microorganisms. The further studies will be pursued to study on the mechanism of chitosan in the immune responses of cows with mastitis.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.229-237
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• 2008

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of honeybee venom, purified using bee venom collector, and feeding of probiotics on the body weight gain, growth rate and hematological characteristics of pigs. A total of 120 pigs were examined and divided into 4 groups 1) Control (basal diet), 2) BV (basal diet + bee venom), 3) PB (basal diet + probiotics), 4) BVPB (basal diet + BV + PB). Average daily weight gain improved significantly in all test groups, especially BVPB (P < 0.05) compared to the controls. There was a significant difference in the feed conversion rate (P < 0.05) and efficiency (P < 0.05) between BVPB and control pigs. Weight gain and survivability was higher in the tests than the controls, but white blood cell count was not. Serum total protein, albumin and IgG concentration of BVPB were slightly higher than those of controls. These results suggest that treated honeybee venom and probiotics should be used together to effectively increase the productivity of pigs.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37 no.5B
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• pp.317-326
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• 2012

Recently, many researchers have studied to solve the energy consumption of network equipments since the interest of Green IT has been increased. In this paper, we apply Low Power Idle (LPI) to OBS network to reduce energy consumption of network devices. Many previous researches have focused on maximizing the sleep time of network equipments to increase the energy saving efficiency of LPI. But transition overhead caused by LPI might not only depreciate the performance of energy saving but also increase packet delay. In this paper, Transition Decision (TD) algorithm is proposed to improve energy saving efficiency by reducing the number of unnecessary transition and guarantee the required QoS such as packet delay. To evaluate the performance of proposed algorithm, we model OBS edge router with LPI by OPNET and analyze the performance of the proposed algorithm in views of energy saving, transition count and average packet delay.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.277-288
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to assess the energy expenditure and investigate the relationship between related variables of 57 dieticians in Youngdong-area. The average daily number of steps was found to be 9358.0$\pm$2714.3 steps/day on weekdays and 7862.9$\pm$2504.9 steps/day during weekends. Hourly step rates on weekdays and weekends came to 570.6$\pm$249.8 steps/hr and 564.0$\pm$224.8 steps/hr, respectively. Activity coefficient of subjects was higher on weekdays (1.56) than weekends (1.51, p<0.05). Resting energy expenditure estimated by the Harris-Benedict formula, WHO/NAO/FAO formula as well as formulas based on body surface area and DRIs (Dietary Reference Intake for Koreans) were calculated to be 1333.7$\pm$89.5kcal/day, 1351.0$\pm$123.3kcal/day, 1388.5$\pm$100.3kcal/day and 1295.9$\pm$90.8kcal/day, respectively. Using these resting energy expenditures and the activity coefficients, daily energy expenditures were calculated to be from 2039.7kcal/day to 2183.5kcal/day on weekdays and from 2016.1kcal/day to 2159.2kcal/day on weekends. Meanwhile energy intakes of subjects on weekdays and weekends were 1594.7$\pm$698.3kcal and 2152.9$\pm$768.0kcal, respectively. The activity coefficient (1.49) of dieticians who managed less than 500 meals per day was significantly lower than that of dieticians who served more than 500 meals per day. Dieticians of schools located in rural areas had higher activity coefficient (1.59) than those of schools located in urban or island settings. These results suggest that work analysis and development of management strategies are necessary to improve dieticians' productivity.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.583-589
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• 2015

In the HEVC CABAC, the probability model is updated after a bin is encoded and next bin is encoded based on the updated probability model. Conventional CABAC encoders can encode only one bin per cycle, which cannot increase the encoding throughput. The probability model does not need to be updated in the bypass bins. In this paper, a HEVC CABAC encoder is proposed to increase encoding throughput by parallel processing of bypass bins. The designed CABAC encoder can process either a regular bin or maximum 4 bypass bins in a cycle. On the average, it can process 1.15~1.92 bins in a cycle. Synthesized in 0.18 um technology, its gate count, maximum operating speed, and the maximum throughput are 78,698 gates, 136 MHz, and 261 Mbin/s, respectively.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.357-365
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• 2009

To effectively exploit the underlying network bandwidth while maximizing user perceivable QoS, mandatory to make proper estimation on packet loss and queuing delay of the underling network. This issue is further emphasized in wireless network environment where network bandwidth is scarce resource. In this work, we focus our effort on developing performance model for wireless network. We collect packet trace from actually wireless network environment. We find that packet count process and bandwidth process in wireless environment exhibits long range property. We extract key performance parameters of the underlying network traffic. We develop an analytical model for buffer overflow probability and waiting time. We obtain the tail probability of the queueing system using Fractional Brown Motion (FBM). We represent average queuing delay from queue length model. Through our study based upon empirical data, it is found that our performance model well represent the physical characteristics of the IEEE 802.11b network traffic.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.111-120
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• 2012

As the P2P System is a distributed system that shares resources of nodes that participate in the system, all the nodes serve as a role of server and client. Currently, although systematic, structured P2P systems such as Chord, Pastry, and Tapestry were suggested based on the distributed hash table, these systems are limited to $log_2N$ for performance efficiency. For this enhanced performance efficiency limited, the article herein suggests group routing algorithm. The suggested algorithm is a node-to-group routing algorithm which divides circular address space into groups and uses a concept of pointer representing each group, which is an algorithm where routing is performed based on pointer. To evaluate algorithm performance, a comparative analysis was conducted on average hops, routing table size, and delayed transmission for chord and routing, a signature algorithm in P2P systems. Therefore, enhanced performance is verified for comparative items from the simulation results.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.19A no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2012

The demand for faster execution time and lower energy consumption has compelled architects of embedded processors to customize it to the needs of their target applications. These processors consequently provide a rich set of specialized instructions in order to enable programmers to access these features. Such an instruction is typically a $multi$-$output$ $instruction$ (MOI), which outputs multiple results parallely in order to exploit inherent underlying hardware parallelism. Earlier study has exhibited that MOIs help to enhance performance in aspect of instruction counts and code size. However the earlier algorithm does not consider the register pressure. So, some selected MOIs introduce register spill/reload code that increases the code size and instruction count. To attack this problem, we introduce a novel iterated instruction selection algorithm based on the register pressure of each selected MOIs. The experimental results show the suggested algorithm achieves 3% code-size reduction and 2.7% speed-up on average.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.11A no.5
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• pp.373-382
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• 2004

In this paper, a register promotion technique that translates memory accesses to register accesses is presented to enhance embedded software performance. In the proposed method, a source code is profiled to generate a memory trace. From the profiling results, target functions with high dynamic call counts are selected, and the proposed register promotion technique is applied only to the target functions to save the compilation time. The memory trace of the target functions is searched for the memory accesses that result in cycle count reduction when replaced by register accesses, and they are translated to register accesses by modifying the intermediate code and allocating promotion registers. The experiments on MediaBench and DSPstone benchmark programs show that the proposed method increases the performance by 14% and 18% on the average for ARM and MCORE, respectively.