• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• no.6
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• pp.143-157
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• 2000

It has been one of the puzzles in the English syntax that so called the rule of subject-auxiliary inversion (SAI) is not allowed in subject wh-movement while it is not obligatory in non-subject wh-movement in a root sentence. This asymmetry has been a puzzle since SAI itself was thought to be a part of question construction as we can observe from yes/no questions. The asymmetry gets more complicated in terms of sentence embedding, i.e no SAI is permitted in the embedded context in question. The goal of this paper is to suggest an unified analysis for this unsolved grammatical phenomena on the basis of Rizzi (1997)'s recent work. The main idea is that SAI is not a I-to-C movement but one of I-to-Focus where Focus is a functional category and its phrase is located between CP and IP. The other proposal is that Wh-movement is no more homogeneous in terms of landing site between a root and an embedded sentence: the target for a wh-phrase in the former is the Spec of FocP (Focus Phrase) but the one in the latter is the Spec of CP as the standard theory assumes. Pesetsky (l999)'s analysis is discussed and its theoretical and empirical shortages are pointed out. Its rather radical proposals such as the one that the nominative case is just an uninterpretable tense feature of DP and the other that 'that' is no longer a complementizer but an element of I(nflection) make it less acceptable in spite of the possibility that it can get rid of Case theory entirely, which would be ideal in the spirit of minimalism.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.15-37
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• 2010

In this study, we investigated the application of oriental history of mathematics in school mathematics teaching. We set up three study problems to achieve this purpose. First, we analyze the middle and high school mathematics textbooks and auxiliary books. Second, we survey the mathematics teacher's knowledge and degree of application on history of mathematics. Third, we develop the teaching and learning materials on oriental history of mathematics. We performed three study-methods to settle above study problem. First, we analyzed 24 textbooks and auxiliary books for study problem 1. There were 6 middle school mathematics textbooks and 6 auxiliary books and also 6 high school mathematics textbooks and 6 auxiliary books. We categorized the contents into "anecdote", "systematization", "application of problem", "expansibility of thought", and "comparative of the contents". Second, we surveyed the 78 mathematics teachers's knowledge and degree of application using questionnaire about knowledge and application on history of mathematics. The questionnaire was made up of four types of question; the effect of material about history of mathematics, the understanding of western history of mathematics, the understanding of oriental history of mathematics; the direction of development of teaching material. Third, we exemplified the teaching and learning materials about three categories: "anecdote", "comparative of the contents".

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.73-83
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• 2011

The question answering system shows the answers that are input by other users for user's question. In spite of many researches to try to enhance the satisfaction level of answers for user question, there is a essential limitation. So, the question answering system provides users with the method of recommendation of another questions that can satisfy user's intention with high probability as an auxiliary function. The method using the fuzzy relational product operator was proposed for recommending the questions that can includes largely the contents of the user's question. The fuzzy relational product operator is composed of the Kleene-Dienes operator to measure the implication degree by contents between two questions. However, Kleene-Dienes operator is not fit to be the right operator for finding a question answers pair that semantically includes a user question, because it was not designed for the purpose of finding the degree of semantic inclusion between two documents. We present a novel fuzzy implication operator that is designed for the purpose of finding question answer pairs by considering implication relation. The new operator calculates a degree that the question semantically implies the other question. We show the experimental results that the probability that users are satisfied with the searched results is increased when the proposed operator is used for recommending of question answering system.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.73-85
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of the auxiliary questions of word problems presented to students on their problem solving-strategies and mathematical thinking and to discuss the educational implications of the results. As a result of making an analysis, problems that included auxiliary questions to give information on workable problem-solving strategies made it more possible for students of different levels to do relatively equal mathematical thinking than problems that didn't by inducing them to adopt efficient problem-solving strategies. And they were helpful for the students in the middle and lower tiers to find a clue for problem solving without giving up. But it's unclear whether the problems that provided possible strategies through the auxiliary questions stirred up the analogical thinking of the students. In addition, due to the impact of the problems provided, some students failed to adopt a strategy that they could have come up with on their own. On the contrary, when the students solved word problems that just offered basic recommendation by minimizing auxiliary questions, the upper-tiered students could devise various strategies, but in the case of the students in the middle and lower tiers, those who gave up easily or who couldn't find an answer were relatively larger in number.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.25-33
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• 2015

Purpose - This paper's goal is to assess and promote several good teaching product designs and several learning environments. The paper discusses research product design learning and management. Research design, data, and methodology - As part of information science and technology, a school uses several teaching networks for auxiliary teaching, taking several designs as the teaching foundation, and creating multimedia curricula. Results - The results indicate that in the best learning designs and environments, the learner can maintain a high interest, which not only attracts all levels in the schools, but also has a pivotal influence on teaching around the world. The research study answers the question, was the atmosphere already luxurious? Conclusions - This study introduces several methodologies that are widely used for experimental processes. Using multi-criterion decision-making technology in studies of language product evaluation systems, the language teaching quality and space design is developed, and the language classroom learning system, the machine operation, the classroom environment design method, etc., conform to specifics of the study, the best choices, the most effective utilization, and are the most efficient.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.211-220
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• 2011

The study conducted a survey on the perception level for radiological technologists with 321 nurses and auxiliary nurses working at university hospitals in Busan in order to supply preliminary data to enhance the status as well as professional images of radiological technologists. The result shows the perception level of $3.02{\pm}0.42$ with the highest score for the professional image and the lowest score for the business image. By question, 'they are professional' gets the highest score while 'they understand problems of patients well' gets the lowest. Among respondents, those who are well aware of education courses as well as leading organization of examination and who answer as a health care provider or a medical technician under the medical law show a high level of perception while those who answer as technician show a low perception level. Those who agree with radiologists as a career and consider their status as high in medical institutions have a high level of perception. In order to improve the perception level, individuals as well as associations' promotion and strategies are required to fix the title and enhance the negative images through active interests and kind attitudes toward patients. Also, efforts to escape from previous images limited to technical colleges, to vitalize academic conference and remedial education, and to frame the law of professional radiological technologists system are asked to heighten the qualification and status of radiological technologists. More than that, advertising and monitoring via mass media are needed to develop the image as professional career men as well.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.486-501
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• 2012

The aims of this study are to investigate two main problems for the hypothetico-deduction method and to develop a scientific inquiry model to resolve these problems. The structure of this scientific inquiry model consists of accounts of the context of discovery and justification that the hypothetico-deduction holds as two main problems : 1) the heuristic flaw in the hypothetico-deduction method is that there is no limit to creating hypotheses to explain natural phenomena; 2) Logically, this brings into question affirming the consequent and modus tollens. The features of the model are as follows: first, the generation of hypotheses using an analogical abduction and the selection of hypotheses using consilience and simplicity; second, the expansion phase as resolution for the fallacy of affirming the consequent and the recycle phase as resolution for modus tollens involving auxiliary hypotheses. Finally, we examine the establishment process of Copernicus's Heliocentric Hypothesis and the main role of the history of science for the historical invalidity of this scientific inquiry model based on three examples of If/and/then type of explanation testing suggested by Lawson (International journal of science and Mathematics Education, 2005a, 3(1): 1-5) We claim that this hypotheticho-deduction process involving abduction approach produced favorable in scientific literacy rising for science teacher as well as students.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.169-183
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• 2009

The simplicity and wide application of Greenberg et al. (1971) prompts to propose a set of alternative estimators of population total for multi-character surveys that elicit simultaneous information on many. sensitive study variables. The proposed estimators take into account the already known rough value of the correlation coefficient between Y(the characteristic under study) and p(the measure of size). These estimators are biased, but it is expected that the extent of bias will be smaller, since the proposed estimators are suitable for situations in between those optimum for the usual estimators and the estimators based on multi-characters for no correlation. The relative efficiency of the proposed estimators has been studied under a super population model through empirical study. It has been found through simulation study that a choice of an unrelated variable in the Greenberg et al. (1971) model could be made based on its correlation with the auxiliary variable used at estimation stage in multi-character surveys.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.175-190
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• 2012

The purpose of this article is to explain the meanings and uses of the English auxiliaries will morpho-syntactically, and answer the question of whether will is a tense auxiliary or a modal one. Some writers even exclude will completely from the semantics of the modal auxiliaries. They argue that the semantics of will is fundamentally non-modal and has only a few modal-like uses. There are some people who treat will to be semantically separate from the other modal auxiliaries. In the light of modal will, the semantics of will basically remains anchored in volition because the lack of required speaker subjectivity, but has undergone so much semantic bleaching that it may also express future time without volition. On the other hand, the semantics of will in the exclusionist view is erroneous and that its semantics is in fact closely related to the semantics of the other modals. This view reinforces the argument that the morpho-syntactic kinship of will, can, may and must also reflects semantic kinship. It is suggested that all the modal auxiliaries show that the correspondence relation is non-verified but potential. And the specific place that will holds is that the correspondence is unverified at the time of utterance but will turn out to become verified. The overall conclusion is that idiosyncratic morpho-syntax shared by the modals reflects the semantics and pragmatics of the English modal auxiliaries and is forced also to include will.

• Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.25-32
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• 2023

Purpose: This study is to improve awareness of MSDS in order to prevent university accidents and protect university laboratory workers. In order to improve awareness, measures to increase accessibility through auxiliary means (warning signs, One Page Sheet MSDS, etc) and ways to strengthen safety training (improvement and strengthen MSDS training). Research design, data and methodology: A questionnaire survey was adopted as a research method for this study. Question items were selected, modified, and supplemented by referring to the previous paper. Results: As a result of the survey, MSDS found that it was difficult to find the information they wanted and that there were many technical terms and limitations in using it. In addition, MSDS training is underway, but few university laboratory workers felt that training was helping. This shows that the effectiveness of training is virtually insignificant. Therefore, it seems that improvement measures are needed to solve this. Conclusions: One Sheet MSDS, an effective way for university laboratory workers to communicate information, and MSDS information should be provided with warning signs with large phrases and good visibility. In addition, this study proposes a One Sheet MSDS that prioritizes important MSDS items over all items in the MSDS, and in the field of education, several improvements are proposed, such as "To prevent problems and answers from being shared on the Internet" and "To improve the difficulty of checking the online curriculum".