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Influence of the Auxiliary Questions of Word Problems on the Problem Solving and Mathematical Thinking of Elementary School Students

문장제의 보조문항이 초등학생의 문제해결과 수학적 사고에 미치는 영향

  • Received : 2020.03.09
  • Accepted : 2020.04.15
  • Published : 2020.04.30

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of the auxiliary questions of word problems presented to students on their problem solving-strategies and mathematical thinking and to discuss the educational implications of the results. As a result of making an analysis, problems that included auxiliary questions to give information on workable problem-solving strategies made it more possible for students of different levels to do relatively equal mathematical thinking than problems that didn't by inducing them to adopt efficient problem-solving strategies. And they were helpful for the students in the middle and lower tiers to find a clue for problem solving without giving up. But it's unclear whether the problems that provided possible strategies through the auxiliary questions stirred up the analogical thinking of the students. In addition, due to the impact of the problems provided, some students failed to adopt a strategy that they could have come up with on their own. On the contrary, when the students solved word problems that just offered basic recommendation by minimizing auxiliary questions, the upper-tiered students could devise various strategies, but in the case of the students in the middle and lower tiers, those who gave up easily or who couldn't find an answer were relatively larger in number.

본 연구는 학생들에게 제시되는 문장제의 보조문항이 학생들의 문제해결 전략과 수학적 사고에 미치는 영향을 분석하고 교육적 시사점을 논하기 위하여 수행되었다. 분석결과, 보조문항을 통하여 문제해결 전략을 안내하는 문제는 그렇지 않은 경우에 비해 여러 수준의 학생들에게 효율적인 문제해결 전략을 채택하도록 유도함으로써 상대적으로 균일한 수학적 사고를 발현 시킬 수 있었다. 그리고 중하위권 학생들이 포기하지 않고 문제를 해결하기 위한 실마리를 떠올리는데 도움을 주었다. 다만 보조문항을 통하여 전략을 제공하는 문제는 학생들에게 유추적 사고를 유발시켰는지에 대한 여부가 불분명하였다. 아울러 제공된 문제의 영향으로 스스로 떠올릴 수 있었던 전략을 채택하지 못하는 경우가 발생하였다. 이에 반해 보조문항을 최소화하여 기본적인 권고만을 제공하는 문장제 해결 상황에서 상위권 학생들의 경우, 다양한 전략을 구상해낼 수 있었지만 중하위권 학생들은 쉽게 포기하거나 답을 구하지 못하는 경우가 상대적으로 많았다.

Keywords

References

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