• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.229-233
• /
• 2003

PC 리포솜에 최대로 포함되는 DHA의 양은 PC : DHA의 비율이 1 : 0.8인 것으로 나타났으며 이때 적재 효율은 약 91 %였고 AVDL의 경우에는 약 17 %이었다. DHA의 산화를 방지하기 위하여 vitamin C/alginate 리포솜에 병합시킬 수 있었고 TEM을 통하여 제조된 다양한 리포솜의 형태와 크기를 확인할 수 있었다. TBARS 분석법에 의해 $40^{\circ}C$에서 DHA가 포함된 PC 리포솜과 AVDL에 포함된 DHA의 산화정도를 분석하였고, 결과적으로 자연 상태에서 리포솜에 포함된 DHA는 밀도가 높아질수록 산화에 안정하며, vitamin C를 포함한 alginate gel 리포솜은 DHA의 산화를 크게 억제한다는 것을 확인하였다. AVDL은 실험에서와 같은 산화조건에서 DHA의 산화를 초기 3일까지는 거의 완전히 억제하였고 그 이후에도 항산화 효과가 크다는 것을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.514-521
• /
• 2022

We report the effect of pH on the supramolecular complexation of two biothiols, viz., homocysteine (Hcy) and cysteine (Cys), with cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]). Under basic pH conditions, Cys did not complex with CB[7], whereas Hcy efficiently complexed with CB[7], as confirmed by ¹H NMR spectroscopy and Ellman's reagent (5,5'-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), DTNB) assay. ¹H NMR and Raman spectroscopic studies revealed that, in the absence of CB[7], Hcy auto-oxidized slowly (~36 h) to homocystine (HSSH) under basic pH conditions. However, the rate of Hcy oxidation increased by up to 150 fold in the presence of CB[7], as suggested by the DTNB assay. Thus, supramolecular complexation under basic pH conditions led to the formation of a HSSH-CB[7] complex, and not Hcy-CB[7]. The results indicate that Hcy is rapidly oxidized to HSSH under the catalysis of CB[7], which acts as a reaction chamber, in basic pH conditions. Our studies suggest that Hcy concentration, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, can be selectively and more easily quantified by supramolecular complexation with CB [7].

• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.286-292
• /
• 2009

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of plant growth at several different growing periods on antioxidant activities and zeatin and ABA contents of Artemisia iwayomogi. Measurements of antioxidant activities, lipid peroxidation inhibition, and superoxide radical scavenging activity were done using PMS, NBT and lipid auto-oxidation analysis, respectively. The results show that activities of antioxidants from Artemisia iwayomogi had much higher than BHT. DPPH free radical scavenging effect of Artemisia leaf extract was increased from $71.06{\pm}4.36%$ in April to $90.06{\pm}4.41%$ in October. Activities of superoxide radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibition were $33.83{\pm}3.45%$ and $45.60{\pm}3.10$ in April and then increased to $84.40{\pm}4.00%$ and $75.86{\pm}3.50%$ in October, respectively. An ELISA technique has been developed for the determination of zeatin and ABA in Artemisia leaves. By this method, the content changes of zeatin and ABA from Artemisia during the growth were investigated. The zeatin content in leaf was measured to be $186.86{\pm}1.40$ pmol/g dry weight in April, however, decreased to $117.93{\pm}5.83$ pmol in October. The ABA content in leaf increased from $19.00{\pm}1.26$ nmol in April to $68.20{\pm}2.52$ nmol in October. Relationship between antioxidant activities and plant hormone contents was indicated that antioxidant activity may depend on decreasing zeatin content or increasing ABA content.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.161-170
• /
• 2014

It is essential to decrease energy consumption and excess sludge to economically operate sewage treatment plant. This becomes more important along with a ban on sea dumping and exhaustion of resource. Therefore, many researchers have been study on energy consumption reduction and strategies for minimization of excess sludge production from the activated sludge process. The aeration cost account for a high proportion of maintenance cost because sufficient air is necessary to keep nitrifying bacteria activity of which the oxygen affinity is inferior to that of heterotrophic bacteria. Also, additional costs are incurred to stabilize excess sludge and decrease the volume of sludge. There were anoxic, aerobic, membrane, deairation and concentration zone in this MBR process. Continuous aeration was provided to prevent membrane fouling in membrane zone and intermittent aeration was provided in aerobic zone through ammonia sensor. So, there was the minimum oxygen to remove $NH_4-N$ below limited quantity that could be eliminated in membrane zone. As the result of this control, energy consumption of aeration system declined by between 10.4 % and 19.1 %. Besides, we could maintain high MLSS concentration in concentration zone and this induced the microorganisms to be in starved condition. Consequentially, the amount of excess sludge decrease by about 15 %.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
• /
• pp.3102-3102
• /
• 2001

Constituents of several .representative seaweeds, such as wakame Undaria pinnatifida; hijikia Hizikia fusifome; and kombu Laminaria japonica, were found to have fairly large reaction rates determined by quenching experiments of emission spectra in the near-infrared region (1max: 1270 nm) from singlet oxygen (102). Emission spectra of singlet oxygen generated from an aqueous solution of Rose Bengal under irradiation with a green laser (330 nm) were measured by a near-infrared (NIR) emission spectrometer constructed in our laboratory. The quenching experiments were as follows: Intensities of emission spectra were measured in the absence (I0) and in the presence of the seaweed constituents (I): Ratios of I0/I were plotted against every concentration of the quenchers (Stern-Volmer plots) which gives a straight line. The slope of each line gives a kqt value which gives a quenching constant kq value (an antioxidative constant against singlet oxygen) when the t value (half-life time of singlet oxygen in the solvent used) was given. The determined reaction rates are between 103-105 (g/l)-ls-1; the larger ones are as large as that of ascorbic acid, 8.4 ${\times}$ 104 (g/1)-ls-1. Most of these seaweed constituents also showed antioxidative activity against auto-oxidation and superoxide as well as their immunological enhancing activity. These results suggest a possibility that dietary fibers which are supposed to prevent the large-intestine cancer by their physical properties may prevent the cancer, at least in parts, by their chemical, antioxidative activity.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.272-277
• /
• 1998

탈취온도를 상이하게 처리한 옥수수기름들로부터 정유성분을 추출하여 이의 favor 성분을 GC로 분리 정량하였다. Flavor성분으로는 8종의 aldehydes를 포함하여 총 16종이 검출되었으며, 주요 flavor성분은 propane, pentane, hexanal 등으로 이는 전체의 70~75%를 차지하였다. 탈취온도가 상승할수록 ethane 및 8종의 propane, pentane, hexane, octane, pentyl furna 함량은 뚜렷한 감소현상을 나타내었다. 한편, 총 flavor 성분함량은 245$^{\circ}C$ 처리군에서 가장 낮아 특이성을 나타내었으며, 탈취온도의 상승에 따라 aldehydes 함량이 비례적으로 증가하였는데, 이는 탈취과정 중 stripping steam, 진공도 등의 영향으로 인한 부분인 자동산화, 분해, 중합, 가수분해 등의 부반응에 기인하는 것으로 사료된다. 따라서, 이취물질의 극소화를 위하여는 지나친 고온탈취를 억제하는 것이 바람직하다는 결론을 얻었다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.69-80
• /
• 2000

ADP-rubosylation may be involved in the process of macrophage activation. Nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as an important intracellular and interacellular regulatory molecule with function as diverse as vasodilation, neural communication or host defense. NO is derived from the oxidation of the terminal guanidino nitrogen atom of L-arginine by the NADPH -dependent enzyme, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) which is one of the three different isomers in mammalian tissues. Since NO can exert protective or regulatory functions in the cell at a low concentration while toxic effects at higher concentrations, its role may be tightly regulated in the cell. Therefore, this paper was focused on signal transduction pathway of NO synthesis, role of endogenous TGF-$\beta$ in NO production. effect of NO on superoxide formation. Costimulation of murine peritoneal macrophages with interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) increased both NO secretion and mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) when PMA abolished costimulation. Pretreatmnet of the cells with PMA abolished costimuation effects due to the depletion of protein kinase C (PKC) activities . The involvement of PKC in NO secretion could be further confirmed by PKC inhibitor, stauroprine, and phorbol ester derivative, phorbol 12,13-didecanoate. Addition of actinomycine D in IFN-γ plus PMA stimulated cells inhibited both NO secretion and mRNA expression of iNOS indication that PMA stabilizes mRNA of iNOS . Exogenous TGF-$\beta$ reduced NO secretion in IFN -γ stimulated murine macrophages. However addition of antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) to TGF-$\beta$ to this system recovered the ability of NO production and inhibited mRNA expression of TGF-$\beta$. ACAS interactive laser cytometry analysis showed that transportation of FITC -labeled antisense ODN complementary to TGF-$\beta$ mRNA could be observed within 5 min and reached maximal intensity in 30 min in the murine macrophage cells. NO released by activated macrophages inhibits superoxide formation in the same cells . This inhibition nay be related on NO-induced auto -adenosine diphosphate (ADP) -ribosylation . In addition, ADP-ribosylation may be involved in the process of macrophage activation .

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.203-209
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study is to estimate the applicability of a stable anaerobic digester using a separator membrane to the preprocessing thickening process. The results of the experiments showed about a 47.16% weight loss rate for the sludge under anaerobic condition, and about 41.17% under intermittent aeration condition. The concentrations of rejection water were $SCOD_{Cr}$ 25 mg/L, T-N 16.6 mg/L, and T-P 1.4 mg/L on the average under the intermittent aeration condition, which were lower than the concentrations of rejection water under an anaerobic condition. As for the factors affecting the reduction of the flux, correlation analyses of TTF, MLSS, $SCOD_{Cr}$, and $EPS_{Protein}$, $EPS_{Polysacchride}$ resulted in -0.97, -0.95, -0.84 and -0.86, -0.95, respectively, which showed that TTF had the highest correlation to the reduction of the flux. In addition, it was concluded that MLSS, $SCOD_{Cr}$ and $EPS_{Protein}$, $EPS_{Polysacchride}$ also have close correlations. The results are considered to show that, in the case of the process using a tubular membrane in the preprocessing process of an anaerobic digester, an intermittent aeration condition of the thickener considering the contamination of the membrane and load of rejection water is appropriate for the stable preprocessing process.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회B
• /
• pp.2181-2185
• /
• 2008

Fuel processing systems which convert HC fuel into $H_2$ rich gas (such as stream reforming, partial oxidation, auto-thermal reforming) need high temperature environment($600-1000^{\circ}C$). Generally, anode-off gas or mixture of anode-off gas and LNG is used as input gas of fuel reformer. In order to make efficient and low emission burner system for fuel reformer, it is necessary to elucidate the combustion and emission characteristic of fuel reformer burner. The purpose of this study is to develop a porous premixed flat ceramic burner that can be used for 1-5kW fuel cell reformer. Ceramic burner experiments using natural gas, hydrogen gas, anode off gas were carried out respectively to investigate the flame characteristics by heating capacity and equivalence ratio. Results show that the stable flat flames can be established for natural gas, hydrogen gas, anode off gas and mixture of natural & anode off gas as reformer fuel. For all of fuels, their burning velocities become smaller as the equivalence ratio goes to the lean mixture ratio, and a lift-off occurs at lean limit. Flame length in hydrogen and anode off gas became longer with increasing the heat capacity.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제34권6호
• /
• pp.1115-1122
• /
• 2002

시판되고 있는 두류 22 종류의 70% 에탄올 추출물을 제조하여, 이들의 항산화 활성, 화학적 변이원 mitomycin C에 대한 항변이원성, 세포독성, 변이원성 등을 포함하는 생리활성 효과를 비교 검정하였다. DPPH radical에 대한 전자공여능, hydroxy radical 소거능 및 지질 자동산화 억제효과 등은 모든 두류 품종이 거의 유사한 효과를 나타내었다. 예팔, 완두, 녹두, 백편두 등은 변이원 mitomycin C에 대해 유의할만한 수준의 항변이원성을 보였으며, 녹색나물콩, 녹두, 속피리 등은 지시 세포의 성장을 촉진하는 효과가 있었고, 속청과 청태는 변이원성을 억제하는 특성이 있었다. 백편두는 세포 성장과 돌연변이 유발 모두를 억제하는 것으로 나타나 추출물 자체가 독성을 가질 수도 있을 것으로 생각되었다. 결과적으로 본 연구의 목적이었던 기능성 밥 및 떡 제조를 위한 부재료로서의 두류 이용을 위해서는 예팥, 녹두 등을 이용하는 것이 바람직하리라고 생각된다.