• 대한간호학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.5-15
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a behavioral checklist to predict an autistic disorder and to identify the earliest detecting time. Method: One hundred and fifty eight children including normal, autistic, institutionalized normal, and retarded were assessed using critical interaction behavioral markers from literature review. Data was collected by semi-structured mother-child interaction by videotape recording and analyzed byfactor analysis, Cronbach a, Kappa, $x^2$, and Duncan. Result: Ten behavioral markers were sorted into 2 factors; joint-attention and synchronized behavior. Autistic children were impaired in pretend play, odeclarative pointing, proimperative pointing, gaze-monitoring, referential looking, showing, joint-attention, rhythmical vocal exchange, and synchronized laughing. The sychronized behavior was also a critical marker to predict the autistic disorder. However, it was difficult to differentiate autistic disorder from mental retardation. In addition, the appropriate detecting time was around 18 months after birth. Conclusion: This checklist should be behavior markers to predict autistic disorder and could be useful as educational material at children's clinics, parents class, and for caregivers in the health center. In addition, early detection should lead to treatment being started as soon after 18 months of age as possible.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.114-122
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of Music Therapy for the autistic children. Method: The subjects of this study consisted of 3 autistic children who were trained in an Attachment Promotion Therapy Program for 6 months. The Children were all males and 4years 9months, 3years 1 month, and 3years 8month each, and diagnosed with Autism by Child and Adolescent Psychiatrists. Data was collected by using video-taping methods(ADOS, Fagot's Interactive Behavior Code), an interview and observational methods(SMS). Music Therapy intervention was done once a week for 6 months. Data was gathered by quantitative and qualitative analysis. Result: This study showed that the Autism Diagnostic Observation Scale and Social Maturity Quotient(SQ) much improved after the Music Therapy After the Music Therapy, the Interactive Behavior Code : Gaze, Gesture for the communication, Verbal language, Laughing/Smile, and Normal play behaviors increased more than before the intervention. As the results show, the child's behavior became more positively responsive, playful, and attentive to others. Conclusion: This study suggests that Music Therapy might be an effective intervention for autistic disorder children in order to decrease autistic symptoms and increase joint attention behavior.

• 인간행동과 음악연구
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.47-60
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• 2007

본 연구는 자폐아동들의 음악적 선호도 그리고 주 행동 성향과 음악적 선호도의 상관관계를 알아보기 위한 것으로 60명의 자폐아동들의 어머니, 치료사, 선생님들을 대상으로 설문조사를 통하여 조사 하였다. 연구 결과 자폐아동들의 선호 음악 활동은 음악 듣기이며 선호 악기는 건반악기인 것으로 나타났다. 음악 장르별 선호도 조사에서 모든 아동이 언어 장애를 갖고 있음에도 불구하고 가사 중심의 음악인 동요와 광고음악에 높은 선호도를 보였으며 행동 성향에 따른 음악 선호도 조사에서 과잉행동, 반항적 자폐아동들은 그렇지 않은 그룹의 아동들과 비교할 때 자극적인 음악에 강한 선호도를 보였다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.164-169
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• 2013

Objectives : We assessed the availability of Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) for the evaluation of the pharmacological effect in autistic disorder. Methods : A retrospective review of the medical records of 27 children with autistic disorder, who visited the department of child and adolescent psychiatry of Kyungpook National University Hospital, from October 2011 to February 2013, was conducted. After treatment with risperidone, changes in the severity and improvement of symptoms were measured using ABC at the baseline, 2nd visit and 3rd visit, respectively. Results : The mean daily dose of risperidone increased from $0.66{\pm}0.27mg$ (baseline, initial dose) to $1.02{\pm}0.50mg$, 2nd visit, and $1.19{\pm}0.50mg$, 3rd visit. According to ABC, irritability, lethargy, hyperactivity, and inappropriate speech subscale scores decreased significantly from the baseline to 2nd visit. Irritability and Hyperactivity subscale scores decreased significantly from the 2nd to 3rd visit. All subscales and total scores of ABC decreased significantly from the baseline to 3rd visit. Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that ABC can be used as an efficient tool to measure the symptoms of autistic disorder and to evaluate the medication effect on continuous treatment.

• 대한치과마취과학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2005

Autism is characterized with an abnormality of reciprocal social relatedness and of communication development. Also, autistic children show repetitive and stereotypical behavior pattern and deficiency of endurance against change. Dental problems related to autism are self-injury and trauma from accidents. Sometimes self-injury is due to discomfort resulting from restoration and local anesthesia. Also, gingivitis and multiple caries are common because of poor oral hygiene. Autistic children are anxious about visual and auditory stimuli because they don't understand the dental procedure. If the face of any changes in their daily life, their behavior becomes uncontrollable. In a setting such as the outpatient office, an autistic child's uncontrollable behavior makes it difficult to carry out proper treatment. If they need treatment under general anesthesia, it is very difficult to manage them in a ward as they are severly anxious about being admitted to a hospital. Therefore it is necessary to treat these children according to a specific management program under general anesthesia in an outpatient office. This case study reports of a 14 year old autistic teenager who although became uncontrollable because of the pain from multiple caries and from anxiety of the dental treatment eventually received treatment under general anesthesia and under conscious sedation in an outpatient office.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.142-152
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• 1990

This Study was to determine the trend of child rearing attitude, to investigate how variables affect the child rearing attitudes, and to suggest directions for developing much needed parental effective training programs or counselling for autistic child in community. The subjects were seventy six mother's of autistic children who attending to 13 treatment institutions in Korea. The data were collected from 1, March to 30, May, 1985. Maternal Behavior Research Instrument exploited by Schaefer, used as 3 tool in this study. The research findings obtained were as follows : 1. Mothers, in general, had affective, restrictive attitudes, and were found to be affective, yet did not give a positive evaluation of children's behavior and used fear control extensively, thus made their children dependent. 2. There were no significant differences in child rearing attitude by children's sex and age. 3. There were no significant differences in child rearing attitudes by mother's age, education level and religion. 4. There was no significant difference in child rearing attitudes by father's occupation.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.3-9
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• 2011

Autism and autistic spectrum disorder are chronic neuro-developmental disorders characterized by social and language impairments and stereotyped, repetitive patterns of behavior. The etiology of autism remains unknown; however, a strong genetic component has been detected and environmental factors may also be involved in their etiologies. In the current study, we reviewed evidence for the presence of prenatal and perinatal factors, gastrointestinal factors, food allergies, metabolic and heavy metal factors, and other nutritional factors that may represent risk factors for the development of autism and autistic spectrum disorder.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.525-532
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• 1998

치과의사는 자폐인의 치료시 자폐증의 정도와 의학적 관리가 필수적인 질환, 내과적 병력, 현재 환자가 복용하고 있는 약물등을 고려하여 이에 따라 적절한 행동조절 방법을 선택하여야 한다. 행동조절 방법의 선택시 술자가 선호하는 방법을 우선하기 보다는 환자의 상태와 치과치료시 환자와 보호자가 받는 스트레스를 최우선으로 고려하는 것이 필요하다. 환자의 현증에 대한 적절한 행동조절하의 치과치료도 중요하지만, 그보다 더 중요한 것은 환자가 거부감을 느끼지 않고 치과에 내원할수 있도록 훈련시키는 것과 지속적인 구강위생 관리이므로 보호자를 위한 구강위생 관리교육 및 주기적인 내원에 의한 관리가 필요하다고 생각된다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.106-116
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• 1992

자폐아동을 치료교육하는 데 있어 부모의 치료협력자로서의 역할이 중요하게 대두되는 가운데, 특히 부모가 갖는 아동능력에 대한 지각은 중요한 요인이 된다. 본 연구에서는 자폐아동부모와 정상아동부모의 양육스트레스의 정도, 영역을 비교하고, 자폐아동부모의 양육스트레스정도에 따른 아동적응능력 지각관계를 자폐아동 부모와 교사평가간의 비교를 통해 밝히는 데 목적이 있다. 본 연구의 피험자는 자폐아동부모 27쌍, 정상아동부모 28쌍, 교사 4명이며, 부모양육 스트레스척도, 아이버그 아동행동척도, 아동기 자폐행동척도, 사회성숙도검사가 실시되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 전체 양육스트레스정도는 자폐아동부모군이 정상아동 부모군보다 현저히 높았다. 둘째, 양육스트레스의 아동영역에서는 자폐아동의 부가 정서와 요구성을 제외한 모든 영역에서자폐아동의 모보다 스트레스가 높았다. 셋째, 양육스트레스의 부모영역에서는 자폐아동부모가 정상아동부모보다 역할제한, 애착, 능력감면에서 스트레스가 훨씬 높았으며, 우울영역을 제외하고 두집단 모두 모가 더 높은 스트레스를 보였다. 넷째, 자폐아동부모의 스트레스정도에 따른 아동능력지각에서 스트레스가 낮은 수준의 부모는 교사보다 아동능력을 높이 평가하고 있었으며, 높은 수준의 부모는 교사의 평가와 일치하고 있었다.

• 인간행동과 음악연구
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.73-84
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• 2004