• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1065-1077
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to verify whether BND test was an appropriate tool for diagnosis of attachment security and to investigate difference of responsive Characteristics to the Bird's Nest Drawings according to parents attachment degree. The subjects in the study were 525 students, selected from senior high schools in D-city. The instruments used were parents attachment scale and Bird's Nest Drawings, and Discriminant analyses and crosstab analyses were used. The results were as follows. First, attachment indicators in the Bird's Nest Drawings discriminated according to group of parents attachment. Second, for male student, there was a significant difference placement nest, eggs, entire birds family, quality of line and tree picture according to attachment to father. For female student, there was a significant difference eggs, entire birds family, quality of line and tree picture according to attachment to father. For male student, there was a significant difference nest contents, placement nest, eggs, entire birds family, quality of line and tree picture according to attachment to mother. For female student, placement nest, space, nest size, eggs, entire birds family and quality of line according to attachment to mother.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.31-40
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• 2001

The major purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between parents divorce and childrens peer-attachment. For this purpose, 79 elementary school children whose parents divorced answered the questionnaire which asked about the length of period after parents divorce, present family type, and childrens peer-attachment. The results showed that boys had lower communication level and higher estrangement level than girls among children who had experienced parents divorce, that children who passed more than two years after parents divorce had lower communication level than children who passed less than two years after parents divorce, and that children from single father family had higher estrangement level than children from step parents family.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.523-531
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• 1998

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the pattern of progression of periodontitis and the change in the extent and severity of the periodontal condition in young adults. Fourteen subjects with periodontitis, 11 males and 3 females in the age range 22-26, participated in the study. Following a baseline examination, the subjects were monitored for gingival index, probing pocket depth, gingival recession, probing attachment level and radiogrphic crestal bone height for 24 months without therapy. Re-examination were performed after 12 and 24 months. Gingival index, probing pocket depth, gingival recession and probing attachment level were assesed at 6 locations per tooth, and crestal bone height was assessed by subtraction radiography. The results from the follow-up examination revealed that the subjects underwent minor changes with respect to a series of different clinical parameters. The mean values of gingival index was improved, however, the mean values of probing pocket depth, gingival recession, probing attchment level and crestal bone height showed no significant change between baseline and the re-examination after 1 and 2 years.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.51-61
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between marital quality and parent-fetal attachment. The sample included 395 pregnant women and 251 spouses who participated in Pregnant Education Programs. We analyzed the data which were collected by means of a questionnaire from September to November, 2011. The results were summarized as follows: The total marital quality level of pregnant couples was above the average and parent- fetal attachment levels were very high. Result indicated a difference in pregnant women and spouses regarding marital quality and parent-fetal attachment. The pregnant woman's marital quality and parent characteristics (planned pregnant, pregnancy period, birth order) had a significant correlation with parent-fetal attachment. The higher effective communication and conflict resolution regarding marital quality were, the higher parent-fetal attachment was.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2013

This study examined the factors that influenced school adaptation by adolescents from non-military families and military families; subsequently, our research targeted 387 middle school children located in Chungnam province. Questionnaires were used and data analysis was conducted by t-tests and multiple regression analysis. The results were as follows: First, adolescents from non-military families perceived higher levels of attachment to fathers and self-esteem than adolescents from military families. However, the stress level for adolescents from military families was higher than adolescents from non-military families and adolescents from non-military families adapted better to school than adolescents from military families. Secondly, family dynamic, attachment to fathers, and stress influenced school adaptation by adolescents of non-military families and family dynamic and the attachment to friends influenced the adaptation to school by adolescents from military families.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.164-171
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to identify the level of father-child attachment and to explore possible factors that may influence such attachment level in marital satisfaction, marital conflict, parenting stress, and parenting attitudes. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire from 131 fathers living in B city, between February 16 and August 16 in 2014. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statics, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression with SPSS 21.0 program. The mean of father-child's attachment was $3.79{\pm}0.47$. The level of father-child attachment was different according to monthly income (f=5.25, p<.010). There was a significantly positive correlation between father-child attachment and father's marital satisfaction (r=.28, p=.001). Father-child attachment was negatively correlated with father's marital conflict (r=-.23, p=.01), parenting stress (r=-.44, p<.001), acceptance-rejection (r=-.64, p<.001), and control (r=-.30, p<.001), with statistical significance. The acceptance-rejection attitude of father had significant effects on father-child attachment and accounted for 40% of the total variance of the attachment. These results indicated that decreasing the father's acceptance-rejection attitude could be effective in improving father-child attachment.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.119-145
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to identify the latent styles of attachment across four major attachment figures (i.e., father, mother, best friend, and romantic partner) for Korean emerging adults. In this study, adult attachment had two dimensions (i.e., attachment anxiety and avoidance) and was measured by the Experiences in Close Relationships-Relationship Structures (ECR-RS). Data came from 317 undergraduate students in nine universities across the nation. A latent profile analysis classified the sample into four groups. (a) The "somewhat father avoidant secure" group reported the lowest levels of attachment anxiety and avoidance across close relationships but was moderately avoidant in their relationship with the father. (b) The "overall avoidant" group had the highest levels of attachment avoidance across close relationships, but along with the "father avoidant secure" group, they had the lowest levels of attachment anxiety. (c) The "romantic anxious" group was unique with the highest level of attachment anxiety toward romantic partners while reporting relatively lower levels of attachment avoidance across relationships. (d) The "overall anxious-avoidant" group was the highest in attachment anxiety and avoidance across all of their close relationships except for attachment avoidance from best friends and romantic partners, which were the highest among the "overall avoidant" group. These four groups also differed in their levels of depressive symptoms and affection for the father and the mother. This study uniquely contributes to the literature by identifying the latent attachment styles considering four attachment figures and examining the characteristics of these attachment styles.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.97-113
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• 2004

This study was to investigate the relationship between parent attachment, peer support and behavior problems of middle school students. The subjects were 591 male and female students in the first and third grade of the middle school and their mothers in Busan. The instruments used for this study were Inventory of Parent Attachment Scale, Peer Support Scale and Behavior Checklist for Adolescents. The results were as follows: 1. The first grade students had stronger attachment on father and mother than third grade. The third grade students had perceived peer support more than first grade. Female students had stronger attachment on mother and perceived peer support more than male students. And there was no significant sex difference in attachment on father. In the case of female students, internalizing and externalizing behavior problems increased grade. But, in the case of male students, there was no grade difference in internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. In the case of first grade students, there was no sex difference in internalizing behavior problems. In the case of first grade students, males had more externalizing behavior problems than females. But in the case of third grade students, females had more externalizing behavior problems than males. 2. As parent's education level was higher, students had stronger attachment on parents and perceived more peer support. As family income was higher, students had stronger attachment on father and perceived more peer support. 3. In case of female students, parent attachment and peer support were correlated negatively with internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. In case of male students, attachment on fathers and peer.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.113-122
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• 1998

Community Attachment variables(specially, system model variables : gender, age, education, income, number of children, marital status, length of residence, and job) have been tested. The data for this study were collected from 295 residents of Yesan in Chungnam. The SPSSWIN package was utilized for data analysis. Frequency, percent, t-test, and ANOVA were utilized for statistical analysis. Each hypothesis was tested at .01, .05, and 01 level. The major findings of this study were: 1) the range of community attachment score was $17{\sim}56$. The mean score of community attachment was 29.8 with a standard deviation of 5.34. 2) t-test showed that job was statistically significant at .05 level among gender, marital status, and job. 3) length of residence, age, and numbers of children were statistically significant at .05, .10, and .01, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.287-303
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to describe infant and mother behaviors across situations. And, it was to examine the associations between infant's temperament and infant's patterns of attachment to their mother with mother-infant interaction. Results showed that there were significant main effects for the attentional focus of the situation and the level of regulatory challenge on observed mother-infant interaction behaviors. Also, mother and infant showed significant differences in their interaction behaviors depending on the patterns of infant temperzment and the patterns of infant-mother attachment.